Qu. Sect 14. 21. Show that this mental reference is made with great rapidity. Why is it so? 15. 16. What three things are involved in the process of perception? 17. 22. What is the organ of taste? 18. 19. 20. Is it confined to the tongue ? Why do we speak of particular bodies as sweet, or sour, etc.? CHAPTER IV. 1. 23. How is sound produced? 2. 3. 4. 5. €. What is the organ of hearing? Why are the ears placed in the side of the head? What is the tympanum of the ear? By what is the sound communicated to the mind? 7 24. Are the sensations of sound more or less numerous than the words in the English language? How would you illustrate this fact? 9. How many simple sounds are there, according to Dr. Reid? 10. How are varieties and shades of difference of the same tone pro duced? and illustrate. 11.5 How do we know the place whence sounds originate? 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. What renders our ignorance of their place, previous to experience, less surprising Illustrate this fact. How do we learn to distinguish the place of things? If a man, born deaf, were suddenly restored to his hearing, where What alone would teach him their true source? In what respect does the sense of touch differ from those of hearing, tasting, smelling? 4. 27. What knowledge would we derive from the sense of smelling alone? What additional ideas would we derive from these sensations? What feelings would these ideas excite in the mind? 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. If we had no other sense, how should we regard these feelings? What would be our condition without the senses of touch and sight 11. 28. How do we arrive at the idea of extension? 12. 13. 14. 15. Why can not the idea of extension be resolved into others? The foundation of the idea of form in bodies? Dr. Brown's definition of form? Which is antecedent in the idea of nature, the idea of form or of extension? 16. 29. The two significations of the words heat and cold? 7. 18. 19. What are the qualities in bodies which give us the sensation of heat and cold? Mention some of the various opinions respecting them. Do they resemble the sensations they occasion? 20. 30. When is a body called hard or soft? 21. 22. 23. How do we arrive at the sensation of hardness? Why is it difficult to make this sensation an object of reflection? Y y 2 Qu. Sect. 24. Why is it important to attend to it? 25. 31. To what sense would you ascribe the feelings expressed by the terms uneasiness, weariness, sickness, and the like? What remarks are made of hunger and thirst? 26. 27. Why is it difficult to state what sense they should be ascribed to? 28. 32. What two things always exist when we speak of extension, or re sistance, or heat, or color, etc.? 29. 30. 31. 22. Do they resemble one another? How, then, can one give us a knowledge of the other? What is the relation between the sensation and the outward object? CHAPTER VI. 1. 33. The most valuable of the five senses? 2. 3. Show its superiority over the touch. The medium on which it acts? To what science does a description of the eye belong? 6. 34. What would be the effect if the rays of light that first strike the eye were to continue on, in the same direction, to the retina? How is this prevented? 7. 8. 9. 10. What is the retina? The last step we are able to trace in the material part of the pro cess in visual perception? How is the image conveyed to the mind? 11. 35. What knowledge do we derive originally from the sense of sight? Can we obtain the idea of color from any other sense? 12. 13. What knowledge is generally, though erroneously, ascribed to the sense of sight? 14. 36. Is extension a direct object of sight? 15. 16. 17. How do we get the idea of extension? Can we get it from any other or all of the four remaining senses? 18. 37. How do we get the idea of figure? 19. 20. 21. 32. 23. To what is it often attributed? Do we really see prominences or cavities in solid bodies? Why do we then suppose that we really see them? How is the fact that we do not see them proved? 24. 38. What was the problem submitted to Mr. Locke; and his decision? The first idea conveyed to the mind on seeing a globe? How is the truth of this statement shown? Why do we ever attribute to sight the knowledge that is acquired by touch only? 29. 39. How is a knowledge of magnitude first obtained? 30. 31. The difference between tangible and visible magnitude? 32. 40. What is said of the visible magnitude of objects seen in a mist? How is this fact accounted for? 33. 34. To what may it, in part, be attributed? 35. 41. Mention three reasons why the sun and moon seem larger in the ho rizon than in the meridian. 36. 42. What is meant by the term distance? 37. 38. 39. 40. Is the perception of distance an acquired or an original perception? Why do they not appear so now? What facts are stated on this subject? 42. How do landscape and historical painters take advantage of this fact? 43. 44. Why do we often misjudge in estimating the width of rivers, plains etc.? 44. 45. Why also in estimating the height of steeples, the distance of the stars, etc.? Why does the horizon seem further off than the zenith? 48. 45. The effect, in the apparent distance of objects, of a change in the pu rity of the air? CHAPTER VII. 1. 48. Repeat the law of habit. 2. 3. 4. 5. How is this known? Can it be resolved into any more general or elementary principle? Mention some of the things to which we apply the term. 6. 47. Is it confined to the mind? 7. 8. 10. Its effects on the bodily organs? Mention several respects in which individuals are distinguished from one another by habit. . 48. What is said of habits of smell? What facts are stated illustrative of this truth? 11. 49. The effects of habit on taste? 12. 13. 14. What practical view of this subject presents itself here? and illus trate. State the three-fold operation in such cases. The only remedy for one whose habits are so confirmed? and why? 15. 50. Show that the sense of hearing is capable of cultivation. 18. 51. Mention some facts showing that the senso of touch is susceptible of 19. 20. cultivation. The case of John Metcalf? How are books for the blind prepared? 21. 52. Cases of James Mitchell and Julia Brace? 22. What has Diderot conjectured of those that are deprived of both sight and hearing? 23. 53. Show that the law of habit affects the sight. 24. 25. 26. 27. What persons possess the sense of sight in greatest perfection? The case of the lady at Geneva, mentioned by Bishop Burnet? 28. 54. What important remark is here made with reference to our sens 33. 56. Does the mind perceive the complete figure of the object at once? How, then, does it happen that we appear to see the object at once? 36. 57 Mention some circumstances that tend to confirm Mr. Stewart's views on this subject. 37. 58. Mention the facts stated by Sir Everard Home. Qect. CHAPTER VIII. 1. 59. What is meant by conceptions? 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. How do they differ from the ordinary sensations and perceptio How do they differ from ideas of memory? How are they regulated in their appearance and disappearance! 7. 60. What striking fact in regard to our conceptions is mentioned? and 8. 9. 10. What facts are related of the celebrated traveler, Carsten Niebuhr? How do you explain the fact that our perceptions of sight are more 11. 61. On what, besides association, does the power of forming conceptions depend? and illustrate. 12. What fact is stated of Beethoven? 13. 62. Illustrate the influence of habit on conceptions of sight. 14. 63. What is remarked of the subserviency of our conceptions to descrip tion? 15. 16. 17. 18. In what does the perfection of description consist? The best rule for making the selection of particulars? Why is it easier to give a happy description from the conception of an object than from an actual perception of it? What great element of poetic power is mentioned? 19. 64. State several facts to show that our conceptions are attended with a momentary belief. 20. 21. 22. Why only momentary? In whom is this particularly observed? What fact is stated of Dr. Priestly? 23. 65. In what cases is the belief in our mere conceptions the more evident and striking? 24. What is related of one of the characters sketched by Sir Walter 25. 66. How are the effects produced on the mind by exhibitions of fictitious distress explained? 1. 67. Into what two classes are our mental affections divided? 2. 68. The first characteristic of a simple idea? 3. 69. The second characteristic ? 4. 5. 6. 7. What is essential to a legitimate definition? Why will not this process apply to our simple thoughts and feelings? If an individual professes to be ignorant of the terms we use when we speak of simple ideas and feelings, how can we aid him in un derstanding them? (Can you illustrate this remark?) 8. 70. The third characteristic of a simple mental state? 9. 10. What does Mr. Locke mean by chimerical ideas? and why does he 11. 71. Which were first in origin, our simple or our complex states of 12. 13. mind? What simple notions are embraced in our complex rotions of extern al material objects? Of what are our complex ideas made up? Qu. Sect. 14. 15. Which are most numerous, the simple or the complex states of mind? To what may the ability of originating complex thoughts and feelings be compared? 16. 72 What opinion has been advanced by some with respect to the pri ority of the simple mental states? and illustrate. 17. How is this appearance explained? 18. 73. Are our thoughts and feelings made up of others, or complex in the material sense of the expression? 19. 20. 21. What, then, constitutes their complexness? How is this subject illustrated? How is the language which expresses the composition and complexity of thought to be regarded? 12. 74. What do you understand by the term analysis? 23. 24 25, What is the distinction between the analysis of material bodies and of complex thoughts? When do we perform mental analysis? Analyze the term government. 26. 75. To what is the doctrine of simplicity and complexness of mental states applicable? 27. 28. 29. Are the acts of the will simple or complex? What are our simple ideas? Are our ideas of external objects simple or complex? and illustrate. 30. 76. What are some of the elements presented in the term loadstone? Also in the term gold? 31. 1. 77. What is abstraction? 2. 3. CHAPTER X. What are abstract ideas? Into what two classes may they be divided? 4. 78. What are particular abstractions? and illustrate. 5. 6. The distinctive mark of particular abstract ideas? Does the abstraction exist in the object itself, or only in the mind? 7. 79. Does the mind possess a separate faculty adapted solely to this par Is it nearer to the truth to speak of the process or the power of abstraction? What must necessarily take place in every case of separating a par. What is said of the principle of association in abstraction? What, then, is the process of the mind in abstraction? 13. 80. What are general abstract ideas? 14. 15. How are they distinguished from the great body of our other complex notions? How are general abstract ideas expressed? 16. 81. What fact shows that we find no practical difficulty in forming these 17. 18. classifications? What is the process in classification? 19. 82. Are our early classifications always correct? 20. Why are they sometimes incorrect, and how are they corrected? 21. 83. Give an illustration of our earliest classifications? 22. 84. Does the general idea embrace every particular which makes a part of the corresponding object? 86. 25. What is said of the ability which the mind possesses of forming such ideas? |