THE APOSTLE OF PEACE.-Memoir of William Ladd.-By John Hemmenway.-A most remarkable book of one of the greatest and best men that ever lived, well spiced with anecdotes, will be read with lively interest by the old and the young, and should be in every family and Sunday school in the land. This contains about 300 pages, with a fine likeness of Mr. Ladd. Substantially bound in muslin, $1.00. Will be sent by mail, postage paid, on reception of the price. Address Rev. H. C Dunham, No. 1 Somerset St., Boston. ADVERTISEMENTS. Address American Peace Society, Boston, sent by mail 25 for 15 cents, 100 for 50 cents, 250 for $1.00, 1000 for $3.00. Use them. A HAND PRESS, made of all metal, elegantly silver plated, Case of Type, bottle of Indelible Ink, and Inking Pad, all inclosed in a neat box, with full directions, and sent, postpaid, to any part of the U. S. on receipt ut $1.50. With this Press 500 Cards can be printed per hour. Envelopes and Labels printed, or clothing for a whole family neatly and indelibly marked. It sells at sight Agents wanted. A large commission allowed. Send 3 cents for terms, or $1.50 for Sample Press. H. C. NEWTON, Troy, N. II. GREAT OFFER! We present above a specimen of a new pictorial envelope, which we are sure will be regarded as one of the most beautiful and expressive things of the kind. The Society has now four kinds of envelopes, three pictorial, and one other containing brief paragraphs in relation to war and the object of Peace Societies. They are not only envelopes, but peace tracts in miniature, and their use will promote the Cause perhaps a hundred or a thousand miles away. The price of these envelopes has been reduced to 15 cents a package, 50 cents a hundred, $1.00 for two hundred and fifty, and $3.00 per thousand. Being so cheap, and what almost every one has to purchase somewhere, we are selling thousands every Ad-week, and those who buy them are sending these messages of Peace all over the Continent. A splendid Colored Engraving of "The Great Fire at Boston" size 13x18 inches, will be sent, postpaid, by return mail, and also The Home Companion, a large and interesting family paper, for a year, all for 25c. dress H. C. NEWTON, Troy, N. H. We respectfully request all who use envelopes and wish to do good, to send to our office in Boston for these kinds, which will be sent by mail at the prices named without cost to them for postage. DYMOND ON WAR. This remarkable work is receiving unwonted attention from the reading public. Orders come to the office almost daily for it. We are indebted to Mr. Robert Lindley Murray, one of the Trustees of the Lindley Murray Fund, of New York city, for a new grant of several hundred copies of this most excellent Peace Document. We call the special attention of ministers to the fact that it will be sent to them free, whenever they remit six cents postage. It is a book of 124 octavo pages. Its retail price 50 cents. Address all your orders to Rev. H. C. Dunham, No. 1 Somerset St., Boston. THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. ON EARTH PEACE, . NATION SHALL NOT LIFT UP SWORD AGAINST NATION, NEITHER SHALL THEY LEARN War any more. BOSTON, AUGUST, 1873. CONTENTS. Page. Letter from Mrs. Burt...... AN APPEAL. 63 Commendation of the Peace Cause by Promi. nent Men..... 63 57 The International Arbitration Question...... 59 Philippa's Letter from England.. 60 The Manly Boy.. 60 God Over All. The Boy-Martyr.. William Penn's Way of Making Pence. 62 Pleasant Paths for Little Feet.. OFFICE OF THE AM. PEACE SOCIETY, The American Peace Society, deeply grateful for the recent successes of the great cause, sends Christian salutations to the friends of peace throughout the continent of America. So highly encouraging are the present aspects of the peace cause, that we need not apologize for making an earnest appeal to all the friends of God and of man, to aid us with their contributions as God has prospered them. Our means, ever inadequate, are especially so at this crisis. We have reached an era in our work when a great advance is demanded. To hesitate now or to doubt the liberality of the friends of peace in America, would be criminal. The recent culmination of our principles in actual arbitration in two cases of grave difficulty between England and the United States, has awakened hope and faith throughout the civilized world. Count Sclopis has said recently, "The success of the Geneva arbitration has made a very deep impression upon the Italian people. I have never before known amongst us such a united public sentiment as on this question." The same has been the effect of this illustrious transaction upon all the nations of Europe. Our Secretary, Rev. James B. Miles, has just returned from a visit to the principal, European capitals, undertaken for the purpose of conferring with eminent men of all nations and professions in regard to measures for promoting peace. This tour has demonstrated the remarkable awakening of the nations and the earnest wish of all parties to co-operate now in a grand effort to render general and permanent the results of the noble example of two powerful nations in settling by peaceful arbi tration grave differences which threatened the dire alternative of war. The London Peace Society has already inaugurated a special fund for the new exigency, which is generously patronized. The American Peace Society must not be wanting at such a time. We are determined that it shall not be. We must have our fair share in this glorious enterprise for organizing peace among the nations. This we cannot have without a large Officers of the Am. Peace Society.. 1 Tesumonial from Prof. Perrine.. 1 "Reason versus the Sword". 2 Special Notice.... 2 Peace Society's Envelope.. 3 Dymond on War.. 3 Editorial Contributors.. 4 Apostle of Peace. 4 Advertisements Page. 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 increase of means. Already our efforts to meet the great demands of this sacred cause have been retarded by entirely inadequate funds. Arrangements are being made for the first peace congress of eminent publicists and statesmen, to be held this Autumn, preparatory to others which have for their object the consideration of measures for substituting arbitration for war. This most benign and practical enterprise can be made a success only by the liberality of our friends. to render efficient aid. We must, also, have the means for increasing our use of the all potent press. The platform and the pulpit must be induced The clergy, embassadors of the Prince of peace, to a man may be expected to co-operate in our work. But we must supply them with documents and facts to aid them in the presentation of our cause to their people. In these circumstances, we make our appeal to the generous friends of peace to join at once in an effort to raise $50,000. This is the least sum suggested by our opportunities and our needs. This sum will be too small as an expression of our saved ten thousand times the amount, besides crime and suffergratitude for the recent triumphs of our principles, which have ing incalculable. We respectfully and earnestly invite the friends of peace everywhere upon this continent to organize Peace Committees, of ladies and gentlemen, together or separately, auxiliary to the American Peace Society, and to raise and forward to this office their proportion of the sum named. The officers and members of the Society pledge their utmost efforts in co-operation. But long before either of the Secretaries can reach a majority of the people, much of the money will be greatly needed. We send herewith recent circulars. Rarely have documents been signed by so many representative men of all professions. For the American Peace Society : HON. EDWARD S. TOBEY, President, REV. JAMES B. MILES, Corresponding Secretary, Commendation of the Peace Cause by Prominent Men. | OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY. "The cause of Peace we regard as an eminently philanthropic and Christian enterprise of great importance, and worthy of sympathy and support. It has already accomplished much good, and would doubtless accomplish vastly more, if it possessed adequate means. We think it deserves, as it certainly needs, a large increase of funds. The American Peace Society, charged with the care of this cause in our own country, and whose management has deservedly secured very general approbation, we cordially commend to the liberal patronage of the benevolent." A. P. Peabody, D. D. LL. D., Cambridge, Mass. Hon. Charles Sumner, LL. D., Boston, Mass. A. A. Miner, D. D., Pres't Tufts' College, Boston, Mass. Luke Hitchcock, D. D., Cincinnati, Ohio. Leonard Bacon, D. D., New Haven, Conn. Gardiner Spring, D. D., New York. Stephen H. Tyng, D. D., " Howard Malcom, D. D., LL. D., Philadelphia. Bishop Thomas A. Morris, Springfield, Ohio. Rev. T. D. Woolsey, D. D, LL. D., Ex-President Yale College. E. O. Haven, D. D., Evanston, Ill. Hon. David Turner, Crown Point, Ind. J. M. Gregory, LL. D., Champaign, Ill. R. M. Hatfield, D. D., Chicago, Ill. John V. Farwell, Chicago, Ill. Hon. Wm. R. Marshall, Ex-Gov. of Minn. Hon. James Harlan, U. S. Senator, Iowa. Rev. P. Akers, D. D., Jacksonville, Ill. Rev. Noah Porter, D. D., LL. D., Pres. Yale College. Rev. Prof. Samuel Harriss, D. D., LL. D., Yale Theo. Seminary. Theodore D. Woolsey, D. D., LL. D., New Haven. Mark Hopkins, D. D., LL. D., Williams College. Emory Washburn, LL. D., Cambridge, Mass. Hon. Reverdy Johnson, Baltimore, Md. David Dudley Field, LL. D., New York. Hon. Gerritt Smith, Peterboro', New York. Hon. Peter Cooper, New York. George H. Stuart, Esq., Philadelphia. Howard Malcom, D. D., LL. D., Philadelphia. Hon. F. R. Brunot, Chairman Indian Commission, Pittsburg, Pa. Hon. Elihu Burritt, New Britain, Ct. Hon. Edward S. Tobey, Boston, Mass. Amasa Walker, LL. D., No. Brookfield, Mass. George F. Gregory, Mayor of Fredericton, N. B. Hon. Wm. E. Dodge, New York. Hon. G. Washington Warren, Pres. Bunker Hill Mt. As'tion. Hon. John J. Fraser, Provincial Secretary, N. B. C. H. B. Fisher, Esq., Fredericton, N. B. T. H. Rand, Chief Superintendent Education, N. B. A. F. Randolf, Esq., Fredericton, N. B. J. B. Morrow, Esq., Halifax, N S. John S. Maclean, Esq., Halifax, N. S. D. Henry Starr, Esq., Halifax, N. S. M. H. Richey, Ex-Mayor, Halifax, N. S. Jay Cooke, Esq., Philadelphia. John G. Whittier, Amesbury, Mass. Hon. Charles T. Russell, Cambridge, Mass. Joseph A. Dugdale, Iowa. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Brooklyn, N. Y. GOVERNORS SIDNEY PERHAM, Governor of Maine. C. C. CARPENTER, Governor of Iowa PRESIDENT. HON. EDWARD S. TOBEY, OF Boston. VICE-PRESIDENTS HON. GERRITT SMITH, Peterborough, N. Y. HON. CHARLES SUMNER, LL.D., Boston, Mass. JOHN G. WHITTER, A. M. Amesbury, Mass. MYRON PHELPS, Esq., Lewiston, Ill. Gov. CONRAD BAKER, Indianapolis, Ind. BISHOP THOMAS A. MORRIS, Springfield, Ohio. R. P. STEBBINS, D.D., Ithaca, N. Y. HON. ROBERT C. WINTHROP, Brookline, Mass. TUTHILL KING, Chicago, Ill. HON. FELIX R. BRUNOT, Pittsburg, Pa. HON. REVERDY JOHNSON, Baltimore, Md. THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, D.D., LL.D., New Haven, Conn. HON. EMORY WASHBURN, Cambridge, Mass. HON. WM. CLAFLIN, Boston, Mass. REV. MARK HOPKINS, D.D., LL.D., Williams College. HON. WM. E. DODGE, New York. GEORGE H. STUART, ESQ., Philadelphia. HON. JACOB SLEEPER, Boston. REV. E. E. HALE, Boston. WILLIAM H. BALDWIN, ESQ., Boston. DIRECTORS. HON. AMASA WALKER, North Brookfield, Mass. REV. L. H. ANGIER, Everett, Mass. H. H. LEAVITT, Esq., 66 SAMUEL RODMAN, New Bedford, Mass. THOMAS GAFFIELD, ESQ, Boston, Mass. JUDGE MAY, Lewiston, Me. REV. SIDI H. BROWNE, Columbia, South Carolina. REV. GEO. W. THOMPSON, Stratham, N. H. WM. G. HUBBARD, Delaware, Ohio. ABEL STEVENS, LL.D., Brooklyn, N. Y. REV. PHILLIP BROOKS, Boston, Mass. REV. G. N. BOARDMAN, D. D., Chicago, Ill. HIRAM HADLEY, Esq., Chicago, Ill. T. B. COOLEDGE, ESQ,, Lawrence, Mass. JAY COOKE, Esq., Phila., Pa, SAMUEL WILLETTS, ESQ., N. Y. HON. EDWARD LAWRENCE, Charlestown, Mass. ALBERT TOLMAN, ESQ., Worcester, Mass. HON. C. W. GODDARD, Portland, Me. ALPHEUS HARDY, ESQ., Boston. DANIEL PALMER, ESQ., Charlestown, Mass. A. S. MORSE, Esq., Charlestown, Mass. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. H. H. LEAVITT, ESQ., Boston. REV. L. H. ANGIER, Everett, Mass. REV. WM. P. TILDEN, Boston. HON. G. WASHINGTON WARREN, Boston. JOHN CUMMINGS, Esq., Boston. HON. C. T. RUSSELL, Cambridge. S. D. WARREN, ESQ, Boston. WALTER HASTINGS, ESQ., Boston. REV. JOHN W. OLMSTEAD, D. D., Boston. REV. S. E. HERRICK, Boston. REV. JAMES B. MILES, Cor. Sec., and Asst. Treasurer REV. H. C. DUNHAM, Recording Secretary. REV. DAVID PATTEN, D. D., Treasurer. REV. D. C. HAYNES, Financial Secretary. THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. NATION SHALL NOT LIFT UP SWORD AGAINST NATION, NEITHER SHALL THEY LEARN WAR ANY MORE. (President Geneva Court of Arbitration.) TURIN, February 19, 1873. DEAR SIR-You inform me, in your courteous letter of the 17th of this month, that Mr. Miles is to be at Paris toward the end of the month, and that you and your friends wish to confer with him on the subject of the important questions which he is engaged upon, with a zeal which cannot be too highly commended. I therefore reply at once to your request. I do not even take time for the preparation of a full response. But as you refer to matters upon which I have long reflected, I am quite settled as to the main line of my views, but must leave the form of their expression to your indulgence. No one is more convinced than I am, of the importance, the utility, and the seasonableness of the formation of a Code of public international law. This would be so much gained for justice and peace. All wise and enlightened publicists, and good men in general, are of this opinion. The difficulties of this codification are great; but I do not consider them insurmountable. The essential point which it will be most difficult to reach, is to give practical effect to this work, and bring about a prompt and actual result in the international relations of the different governments. You tell me that, if the governments are directly applied to, to undertake this task, they will turn a deaf ear to it. I am quite inclined to think that such would be their desire, and it appears to me that the very kernel of the difficulty consists precisely in the mode of overcoming this voluntary deafness. It is essential to make the voice of public opinion ring in the ears of the governments, and so to create what Montesquieu terms a common feeling (esprit general). This will result in their deciding to do something positive. But would this great public agitation of the question which Mr. Miles proposes to initiate, be sufficiently powerful and conclusive to attain the object in view? I doubt it. Would there not be a danger that the governments would regard either as perilous or utopian the enormous scale of agitation proposed by Mr. Miles? I fear this would be the case. That which appears to me to be best mode of procedure for the present, is that some gentlemen, specially authorized, should raise their voices in the British parliament, the United States congress and the French national assembly, in order to propose the assembly of a congress for the desired object. The discussions which would be thus elicited would enable us to determine the real amount of efficient support upon which we could rely. According to the stipulations of the treaty of Washington, there will shortly be communicated to the great maritime powers, for their acceptance, the sixth article of the said treaty, containing the three rules which constituted the basis of the Geneva award. That occasion would be a very VOL. IV. No. 8. suitable one for proposing the convocation of a diplomatic con ference to decide upon these questions, and also upon other desiderata of the law of nations. If it is thought advisable to summon juridical science from its dignified isolation, it might be limited to the initiation of a deliberation to be signed by a certain number of distinguished jurists. It would rest with the existing peace societies of France, England and America, to invite this deliberation, The conference which you are about to hold in Paris, on Mr. Miles' return, might perhaps do something in the matter. Allow me, however, to press upon you, before all things, to raise proposals in the political legislature. I am thoroughly persuaded that there is no better way of reaching any real and positive result. But to judge from various signs, the governments will not readily bind themselves to follow this suggestion. But if a views, we shall gain the cause, and the governments themmajority in the parliaments shall pronounce in favor of our selves will in the end find themselves committed to these resolutions, prompted by a love of public tranquillity and social gathering of 1,800 or 2,000 persons frightens me. What could progress. On the contrary, the very idea of a great unofficial be expected from the confused tongues and incoherent ideas which could not fail to be manifested on the very first day! But to return. In consequence of the treaty of Washington, Great Britain and the United States are to ask the great maritime powers to adopt the three rules concerning the duties of neutrals. Let them take a further step, and propose to convene a congress to settle certain rules of international law, with a view to the maintenance of peace and the progress of civilization. The meeting of that congress would, in itself, constitute a recognition of the necessity of taking up these matters, and, as a consequence, would involve some sort of engagement to carry them out to a practical issue. I tender you my cordial thanks for sending me your various veyed truths in a very pleasant form. May you find as many You have conpamphlets, which have greatly interested me. readers as you deserve, and especially among those who are as greatly in need of the instruction you give. Why do not the which you so clearly point out? Warnings are not wanting. governments enter fully upon those paths to moral advancement How many menaces and dangers do we see. Believe me to be always devotedly yours, To M. FREDERICK PASSY. 11. FREDERICK SCLOPIS. THE VISCOUNT D'ITAJUBA. (Member of the Geneva Tribunal of Arbitrators, and Brazilian Ambassador at Paris.) SIR-In reply to the written and verbal communications, for which I am indebted to you, in reference to the object contemplated by the American Peace Society, I am glad to express to you the great interest which I feel in the work which you are initiating, and of which the successful issue could not fail to exercise a most happy influence upon the future of mankind. As to the practical means for attaining the result which you have in view, it appears to me that the plan most likely to succeed would be the formation of an International Commission, the members of which should be chosen from the most eminent jurists of all countries, and whose duty it would be to prepare a project of laws, to be submitted for the acceptance of the differ ent nations. M. DROUYN DE LHUYS. (Paris, Former Minister of State to Napoleon III ) I have to acknowledge the letter in which Mr. James B. Miles proposes the meeting of congress intrusted with the work of elaborating an international Code. The idea of submitting to Arbitration conflicts between States was brought forward at the Conference of Vienna, at which the writer of this note assisted during the first months of the Rus sian war. Consecrated by the treaty of Paris of 1856, it has too often remained inoperative. In trying to realize it at present, we obey a sentiment which, evoked at that epoch, will not cease to manifest itself among all civilized nations, until it has obtained satisfaction. IV. PROFESSOR MANCINI. (Professor of Law, Institute at Rome, and member of the Italian Legislature.) 1. Being asked if I am disposed to approve of the idea of constituting a Senate of European and American publicists to prepare a project for the codification of the fundamental rules of international law, with the idea of submitting afterward such a project to the examination and approval of a numerous congress of jurisconsuls and statesmen? I answer to this affirmatively and all the more that in teaching, from my public chair, the science of international law-first in the university of Turin, and then in that of Rome, I have always recommended the institution of international arbitration, and the codification at least of that part of international law which might most easily obtain universal attention. 2. Do I think that such congress ought to be official, and convoked with the co-operation of governments? To this I reply, that I do not believe it probable. Besides, an official initiative by any government might excite suspicion in For attaining to the formation of an International Code, the others, and be thought to be for an interested object. Accordletter proposes, in the first place, to collect an assembly of pub-ing to my opinion, there ought to be constituted, by private licists and jurists. Without restricting themselves to those initiative, in some European city conveniently situated, a small qualifications, it appears that this assembly ought to be formed provisional committee: the members ought to be men known of men distinguished by the authority they have acquired, and and esteemed in Europe, as dedicated to the special study of inthe services they have rendered. They should be taken fromternational law, and with them two or three of the more diseach of the nations of the old and new world, in such numbers tiuguished jurists of America. Thus you would have a permaas that each of them should be represented proportionately to nent center of correspondence, of communication, of preparatory its importance, but so limited as to render mutual understand- labors; and it might be possible to agree, by correspondence, ing easy, and to avoid confusion. This Assembly should con- for the distribution among them of the arrangement and comstitute itself spontaneously, without governmental interference, pilation of the various heads of the project of codification to be and without official commission. It would arrange the pro- elaborated. Afterward, this senate of publicists might come in gramme of its own labors, and regulate the distribution. to direct, modify, and form a definitive project to which may be given greater publicity. Finally, the same provisional committee might convoke the general congress, fixing the place and Either this second assem-time; and consider if the governments of Europe and America should be asked to concur, if they will by their aid and moral support in the work of civilization and peace, which would form the object of the study of the senate and of the deliberations of the congress. Ought the project of the International Code to be submitted to a great popular Congress, as Mr. Miles' note proposes? If so, one of two things would ensue : bly would be chosen by the first, and then it would add nothing to the authority of the former, which might be charged with having itself appointed its own judges; or, the thing would be abandoned to the chance of individual initiative, in such a way as to leave anybody to come who chose, and, in such a case, might it not be feared that passions and prejudices might come in, to overthrow a work conceived and matured independent of party spirit? On the other hand, certain governments might take umbrage at such a numerous gathering. Would it not be better, when the plan shall be completed, to ask for it the sanction of universal opinion, by making an ap peal for the adhesion of learned bodies, academies, universities, faculties, schools, etc. If this Code meets the wants of modern society, it will emerge victorious from this probation, and would afterward impose itself, by its own authority, on governments and nations. If any difference were to arise between two nations, what sovereign, what assembly, would dare to refer the decision to the terrible chances of battle, when there would be a law which had foreseen the case, and a tribunal of arbitration, the composition of which should be indicated or prescribed? It might be hoped by this means to banish or to diminish the terrible scourges that arise to embrue Europe in blood. What should be the time to choose for the meeting of this assembly to form the International Code? It would not be amiss to take the matter in hand at once, and public opinion would witness the commencement with favor. With regard to the spot where the sessions should be held, it would be necessary that it should be some capital easy of access, and where would be found all the documents and all the materials adapted to throw light on the numerous questions that would arise during the discussions. No doubt one might count on the cordial hospitality of the United States of America. But the crossing of the Atlantic is always a difficulty for the citizens of the old world, and might deter from taking part in the labors of the congress some illustrious persons, whose place there might be indicated beforehand. After that, the preference might seem to be accorded to one PARIS, 6th March, 1873. 3. The place, in my opinion most convenient for the preparatory center of the provisional committee, composed of a few distinguished jurists, American and European, would be Belgium, and possibly (with the consent of my illustrious friend M. Rolin Jacquemyns) at the office of the Revue de Droit International, which might become the organ of the committee, and of the publication of the labors of the senate of jurists. The place of congress should be one of the cities of Europe, in which we could count upon the sympathy and protection of the local government, and from which publicists of weight and character should not be deterred by national prejudices. As to the time, the most convenient, I believe, would be the second half of September, because it is the time when the labors of parliaments, universities and tribunals come to an end. MANCINI. ROME, February 17, 1873. PROFESSOR HOLZENDORFF and DR. HEFFTER, Berlin. V. PROFESSOR PIERRANTONI. (Naples.) The undersigned, Professor of International and Constitutional Law, answers as follows to the questions that have been proposed to him: 1. He approves the idea of a Congress of Publicists to study a plan for the codification of international law. 2. He thinks that this Congress ought not to be official. 3. He believes that Geneva is the best place to hold the Congress. |