1764. Richard Walker, D.D. many years vice-master of the College, by will, gave a rent-charge upon the Whetstone estate of £10 per annum, to be given to one or more poor scholars by the master, vice-master, and senior dean, who shall to them appear best deserving when they offer for the B.A. degree.

In the year 1763, Dr Walker purchased a mansion which formerly was a monastery of St Augustine, with a garden in Pembroke street, for £1600, and gave them in trust to the University for a botanic garden.

1779. William Greaves, Esq. M.A. of Fulbourn, commissary of the University, and auditor of the College from 1727 to 1778, gave in his lifetime 100 guineas, and by his Will left £100, the interest of which sum he desired might be given in money or books to one of the junior Bachelors of Arts who should write the best English dissertation on the character and conduct of King William III.

1842. The Venerable Francis Wrangham, M.A. Archdeacon of the East Riding of Yorkshire, gave £100 to found an annual prize, a gold medal, to be given to that commencing Bachelor of Arts who should have been in the first class at each of the three annual College Examinations, and also in the first class of the Mathematical and of the Classical Tripos.

The College added so much to this bequest as was requisite to give the prize to all who fulfilled the conditions.

1844. Rev. R. B. Podmore, M.A. founded an exhibition for a person of his own name and kindred: and in default of such, for a native of the county of Salop, educated for four years at least at the grammar-school at Shrewsbury. The value of this exhibition is £26. 8s. 10d. being the yearly dividend on stock invested in the 3 per cent. consols.

1847. A benefaction was given to the College by one of the late fellows, and it was agreed by the master and seniors, that every year the sum of £25 be divided as prizes in books among a number of the Junior Sophs, not exceeding five, and that a sum of £35 be given in like manner to a number of Senior Sophs, not exceeding five, who shall, at the annual College Examination in the Easter term, pass the best examination in the Greek Testament in each year; and that the

head lecturer do report to the master and seniors the names of the Senior and Junior Sophs who are entitled to these prizes ; and also that there be a viva voce examination of the Junior as well as of the Senior Sophs, in the Greek Testament.

1848. Rev. E. Yeats founded two annual prizes of £10 each to be given in books: one to the scholar on the foundation who shall stand highest in the Mathematical Tripos; the other to the scholar, who, in the opinion of the master, vice-master, deans, and head lecturer, shall have most distinguished himself for regularity of conduct.

1849. Rev. Peter Leigh, M.A. gave £515, 3 per cent. consols, as an augmentation of the Wrangham prize, producing £15 yearly, to be paid to that commencing B.A. to whom the Wrangham medal has been awarded.

1850. The friends of the late William Dealtry, D.D. Archdeacon of Winchester, founded two annual prizes of 15 guineas each, to be called “the Dealtry Prizes,” and to be awarded to that Junior and that Senior Soph, who shall pass the best examination in the Greek Testament, and also be placed in the first class at the College Examination.

1850. The Rev. John Brown, M.A. vice-master and senior fellow of the College, left a legacy of £1000, to be disposed of as the master and seniors should deem expedient for the welfare of the College. This benefaction, after payment of the legacy duty, has been appropriated to found an additional scholarship on the same footing and with the same privileges as those of the original foundation.

In the same year (1850) two other scholarships of the like kind were founded; the one on the occasion of a piece of ground at Barrington given to the College by Mr Martin, one of the fellows; the other on the occasion of a donation of five hundred pounds given by Mrs Whewell.

1854. The present Society consists of the Master and sixty Fellows, as established by the original Charter of the foundation of the College. The fellows are elected after examination by the master and seniors, from the scholars who are not of sufficient standing to be admitted to the degree of M.A. The Statutes prescribe, as to the qualifications of the candidates, in these words:

"Quatuor dies ad minimum proxime præcedentes electionis diem omnes electores diligenter exquirant ab illis, quid in dialectica et mathematicis; in philosophia tam naturali quam morali; in linguarum cognitione, in historiis, poetis, et in toto genere humanioris literature; in carminibus componendis; et quid etiam in cæteris bonis artibus possint.”

In the year 1702, and for many years before that time, the examinations for fellowships and scholarships had taken place in the college-chapel viva voce, before the master and the eight seniors who are the electors: Dr Bentley being of opinion that this oral test was not satisfactory in an inquiry so extensive and profound, ordered that the candidates should be examined by each of the electors at his own apartments, whereby an opportunity was given for the performance of written exercises, and time allowed to weigh and compare the respective merits of the young men with suitable deliberation. This method of separate examination, although liable to some considerable objections, which were felt both in Bentley's time and subsequently, continued to be the practice in Trinity College for ninety years.

The custom which had been introduced by Dr Bentley of private examinations for fellowships and scholarships, was attended with much inconvenience. The various examiners formed their opinion of the candidates' merits upon different data; too much latitude was given to the private taste of individuals in the choice of subjects for examination; in some hands the inquiry might be slight and superficial, in others, altogether neglected: a door was thus open to abuse, and confidence was diminished in the justice of the decisions. Some instances having occurred (1786) of seniors taking a part in the elections, who had never examined the candidates, a strong memorial was presented to the seniority by ten of the junior fellows, remonstrating against a practice which was in opposition to the Statutes, and tended to destroy the objects of the foundation. The matter of this remonstrance was unexceptionable; but the governing part of the Society, offended at what could not be denied to be a censure of themselves, and regarding it as an act of insubordination on the part of their juniors, after an ineffectual attempt to induce some of the memorialists

to withdraw their names, pronounced an admonition, cautioning them to behave with more deference to their superiors. The object of the memorial* was however immediately effected: the Master, Dr Hinchliffe, then Bishop of Peterborough, insisted on each of the electors becoming bonâ fide an examiner; and upon his resignation about two years afterwards, Dr Postlethwaite, who succeeded, instituted the present system of public examination, in which the merits of the candidates are fully and fairly tried in the different branches of academic study.

All the fellows are obliged to enter into holy orders within seven years after their admission to the degree of Master of Arts, or their fellowships become void. A fellowship is also vacated by marriage, but not by succession to any property however great, or of whatever kind, except such as arises from a benefice or ecclesiastical dignity of a certain annual value; otherwise the fellowships are tenable for life.

"After all expenses of maintaining the College, and carrying out its various objects, have been discharged, the excess of the receipts above expenditure remains to be divided at the discretion of the master and seniors, amongst the master, fellows, chaplains, and librarian, in the following way:

To (say) 35 major fellows (£12. 10s. each) 437 10 0

❤"The effects which have flowed from this Memorial (Bishop Monk observes), have been so singularly beneficial to the College and the public, that the names of the ten memorialists deserve to be placed upon record: they were

GEORGE WADDINGTON,

JOHN BAYNES,

THOMAS CAUTLEY,

MILES POPPLE,

THOMAS JONES,

HENRY PORTER,
Kingsman Baskett,
JOHN HAILSTONE,
Matthew Murfitt,

MATTHEW WILSON."

The two latter items vary slightly from year to year, because the number of major and minor fellows is variable. The sum of all the items (£924. 10s.) is called the modulus for the year, and the money divided, in the above proportions, is always some multiple of the modulus. The multiple has, in the last ten years, varied from 16 to 20, the average being 18; supposing it to be 18, the sum divided would be £16,641; the average sum really divided is £16,679. 19s. It may be well to mention, that the average multiple of the modulus for the last thirty-five years is 173; so that the average dividend for the last ten years is little greater than that for the last thirty-five years. The amount of realized fines has increased, but the expenses, created chiefly by demands for improvements on the College estates, and large contributions to charitable objects, have prevented any great increase in the divisible revenues of the College.

The emoluments of a fellow consist of

1. His dividend, determined as above.

2. Dining in hall free of expense (wine excepted).

3. Liberatura et stipendium £4. 6s. 8d.

4. 78. a week during residence (deducted by the steward from his bill).

5. Having a set of rooms free from rent; or if non-resident, receiving the old rent of a set of rooms.

There are no bye-fellowships at Trinity College."

The number of scholarships is 72, of which 40 were established by Henry VIII., 20 by Queen Mary, 2 by Thomas Allen, clerk, and the rest by subsequent benefactors. The Statutes of the College give the Master and Seniors the power of creating new scholarships on the same footing and with the same privileges as the others, "ex aliorum benefactorum fundatione."

All the scholarships are perfectly open to the whole world, without any restriction or appropriation whatsoever, excepting two or three every year appropriated to Westminster School",

* “Queen Elizabeth's statutes had given no other advantage to the pupils from Westminster than a preference in the election to scholarships. But in the fifth