CONTENTS OF THE SEVENTH VOLUME. CHAPTER LII. THEIR INVASION CIVIL WARS OF THE THE TWO SIEGES OF CONSTANTINOPLE BY THE ARABS. THE CALIPHS. - NAVAL ENTERPRISES ON CRETE, SICILY, AND rome. DECAY AND DIVISION OF THE EMPIRE OF THE CALIPHS.- DEFEATS AND VICTORIES OF THE GREEK EMPERORS. A. D. The Limits of the Arabian Conquests... 668–675. First Siege of Constantinople by the Arabs.. 677.Peace and Tribute... 716-718. Second Siege of Constantinople.. Failure and Retreat of the Saracens.. 721. Invasion of France by the Arabs..... 731. Expedition and Victories of Abderame.. 732. Defeat of the Saracens by Charles Martel. They retreat before the Franks... 746-750. Elevation of the Abbassides.. 750. Fall of the Ommiades. 755. Revolt of Spain..... Triple Division of the Caliphate.. 750-960. Magnificence of the Caliphs.. Its Consequences on private and public Happiness... 754-813. Introduction of Learning among the Arabians.. Their real Progress in the Sciences... Want of Erudition, Taste, and Freedom.... 781-805. Wars of Harun al Rashid against the Romans. 823. The Arabs subdue the Isle of Crete... 827-878. And of Sicily.... 846. Invasion of Rome by the Saracens.. 849. Victory and Reign of Leo IV.. A. D. 852. Foundation of the Leonine City..... 838. The Amorian War between Theophilus and Motassem.. 890-951. Rise and Progress of the Carmathians.. 900. Their military Exploits... 929. They pillage Mecca.. ..... 800-936. Revolt of the Provinces.. The Independent Dynasties... 800-941. The Aglabites... 829-907. The Edrisites.. 813-872. The Taherites.. 872-902. The Soffarides.. 874-999. The Samanides.. 934-968. The Ikshidites.. 892-1001. The Hamadanites.. 933-1055. The Bowides.... 936. Fallen State of the Caliphs of Bagdad..... 960. Enterprises of the Greeks...... Reduction of Crete...... 963-975. The Eastern Conquests of Nicephorus Phocas and John Zi- misces.... Conquest of Cilicia. Invasion of Syria... Recovery of Antioch...... Passage of the Euphrates... CHAPTER LIII. ib. 43 ib. ib. ib. 44 ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. 46 ib. 47 ib. 48 49 .ib. STATE OF THE EASTERN EMPIRE IN THE TENTH CENTURY.-EXTENT AND - STUDIES AND SOLITUDE OF THE GREEKS. Memorials of the Greek Empire... Works of Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Their Imperfections.... Embassy of Liutprand.. The Themes, or Provinces of the Empire, and its Limits in every CHAPTER LIV. - - ORIGIN AND DOCTRINE OF THE PAULICIANS.-THEIR PERSECUTION BY THE The Simplicity of their Belief and Worship..... They hold the two Principles of the Magians and Manichæans.. The Establishment of the Paulicians in Armenia, Pontus, etc... Persecution of the Greek Emperors. . . . Their Transplantation from Armenia to Thrace. Their Introduction into Italy and France... CHAPTER LV. ib. THE BULGARIANS.- ORIGIN, MIGRATIONS, AND SETTLEMENT OF THE HUN- - FIRST ADVENTURES THE SARACENS, FRANKS, AND GREEKS, IN ITALY. -- - - |