It ordered a levy of every twentieth person to be raised for the expedition against the Indians. There were assigned to

Total population in 1667, 8,180 souls.

Chalmers, quoted by Hawks, (Md. Eccl. Contr., 59,) says: "It is indeed true that at this time, 1692, from the testimony of an eye witness, there were thirty Protestants to one Papist in the Province."-Chalmers, note 24, p. 376.

This was just after the Protestant Revolution. Dr. Bray, in a memorial to the House of Bishops in England, in 1700, says: "The Papists in this Province, Maryland, appear to me not to be above a twelfth part of the inhabitants."- Maryland Toleration, Allan, p. 56.

A census of the number of Papists was taken by the Sheriffs, in their respective counties, by order of Governor Seymour, in 1708. Total number in the Province, 2,974. Total population, 40,000.- London Public Record Office, Maryland B. T. Red. No. 4 H, p. 79, cited in the Woodstock Letters, vol. 10, p. 15.

All these facts prove the original and continued predominance of the Protestant population over the Roman Catholics.

APPENDIX D, (p. 34.)

CORNWALEYS.

I have accepted the statement of Mr. Neill, that Capt. Thomas Cornwaleys was a Protestant. I can find no proof of his religious connection, in the records.

He was the most influential and important personage in the Province, and as late as 1641 he paid one quarter of the entire taxes of St. Mary's county. (See Appendix C.) Neill, in English Colonization of America, page 251, gives the time and place of his death and the names of his descendants who were clergymen of the Church of England for a century, as below stated.

Capt. Thomas Cornwaleys was son of Sir William and grandson of Sir Charles, who was Ambassador to Spain under James I. He was son of Sir Thomas, Treasurer of Calais and Comptroller of the household of Queen Mary. The family was Protestant, but some of them became Roman Catholics.

Father Richard Cornwaleys, in 1598 entered the English College at Rome. He was then 30 years old, born a heretic, but his father, Henry Cornwaleys, had not long since become reconciled to the Roman Catholic Church. He was a fellow of Caius College, Cambridge, and second wrangler of his day.

His relatives were Sir Thomas Cornwaleys, Catholic, Sir William Cornwaleys, who married the heiress of Baron Latimer, and his brother Charles, who were not Catholics. He had a younger brother and two sisters, and two half brothers by his mother, one of whom was a priest. He was converted by Father Gerrard and took the Jesuit name of Richard Fincham, and died in the palace of the English Ambassador, in Spain.-Records English Province, S. J., vol. I, p. 181.

The English Ambassador was his brother Charles, a Protestant, and grandfather of our Capt. Thomas Cornwaleys.

The last named was appointed Councillor in 1632; commanded force against Claiborne in 1635; opposed the Code proposed by Lord Baltimore, 1638; Deputy Governor, by Leonard Calvert, 1638; appointed Lieutenant General by Leonard Calvert, during his absence, June 24, 1641; appointed to the New Council, and refuses to be sworn, 1642; commands force against Indians, and protests, in the Assembly, against the Governor and his servants being exempted from military service, August and September, 1642; commands force against Indians, 1643; Councillor again, 1644.

His manor was named Cornwaley's Cross. It was plundered by Ingle, when he took possession of St. Mary's, in February, 1645, and much valuable plate and furniture taken.

Suit was brought, in his name, in 1646, in an action of trespass, quare clausum, against Ingle, in London, for damage done to his house and furniture, and damages laid at £3,000. Ingle thereupon presented his petition to the House of Lords, in which he charges that "since his return to England, the said Papists and malignants conspiring together have brought fictitious actions against him at the Common Law, in the name of Thomas Cornwaleys and others, for pretended trespass." (See Neill's Colonization, page 249, for the petition in full.)

March 7, 1642, he received a grant for 4,000 acres, beyond Port Tobacco Creek. Member of the General Court, November 25, 1652. Assistant Governor to Governor Fendall, November 20, 1657. He returned to England, sailing June 2, 1659.

In September, 1663, William Calvert and Thomas Noltey, Esq's., presented to the Upper House the petition of Captain Cornwaleys, in the nature of what is now called a Bill for Relief, against a "surreptitious judgment." The House ordered a new trial before the Provincial Court, as a Court of Chancery.Streeter Papers, 211.

He died in 1676, at Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk. His son, Rev. Thomas, was a rector in Suffolk, died 1731; his son, Rev. William, also rector in Suffolk, died 1786; his son, Rev. William, rector

in Kent, died 1837; his daughter, Caroline Frances, the last of the line, authoress of "Small Books on Great Subjects," died unmarried, 1858.-Neill's Maryland not a R. C. Colony, p. 2.

LIST OF SERVANTS BROUGHT IN BY CAPT. THOMAS CORNWALEYS.

A. D. 1633-1634.

Twelve in the Ark, besides five more received by the death of his partner, John Saunders.

Neill, Founders of Maryland, p. 77, gives this as the list of Cornwaleys' servants, for bringing in of whom he secured lands under the Conditions of Plantation.

Of them, Cuthbert Fenwick, John Norton, Christopher Martin, John Medley, and Zachary Mottershead, had become freemen and were members of the General Assembly of 1637.-Streeter papers, p. 57. Five out of twenty, brought in before 1637.

Compare this list with that of the freemen summoned to attend the General Assembly of 1642, in Appendix C, and thus see how many had become freemen at that period.

APPENDIX E, (p. 112.)

WILLIAM STONE.

The commission to William Stone bearing date August 6, 1648,1 recites: "That whereas our trusty and well-beloved William Stone, now or late of Northampton county, Virginia,

1 Council Proceedings, 1636 to 1657. 2 Bozman, 642-649.