the real distinction between Imitation, Wonder, and Ideality, has nevertheless observed, that in all visionaries they are particularly developed."-P. 65, et seq.

Dr Castle gives a detailed reasoned account of Kerner's mental development during his boyhood, youth, manhood, and the period of approaching old age. (Dr K. is at present in his 57th year.) This account is followed by "Phrenological and general philosophical Remarks on the preceding Analysis;" in which Dr Castle enters into many phrenological details, which shew acuteness of mind, and power of comparison. Lastly, we find a letter from Dr K. to Dr C., in which he seems fully to concur in the correctness of the phrenological analysis of his character, congratulating Dr Castle "upon possessing the knowledge of an art so highly useful to mankind, as it discloses a man's character to himself and others." We have still to add, that the pamphlet is enriched with a lithograph portrait of Dr Kerner, which, however, seems not to be very well executed, or very like; and that it is dedicated to Count Alfred Neipperg, son-in-law to the king of Würtemberg, and a zealous adherent to Phrenology.

Dr Castle has executed his task cleverly, and, it appears, to the great astonishment of the unbelieving Germans. On the whole, we think that this little publication may be of great use in the cause of Phrenology; as such practical demonstrations, if the expression be allowed, tend more to induce people to make themselves acquainted with novel subjects, than a mere perusal of even the best theoretical work on a new branch of science.

ality deduced by an association of ideas, as something which is composed of constituent parts.

"The primitive and direct influence of the faculty of Individuality is, then, that by means of it we conceive the existence of individualities or entities; thus, e. g., world-country-town-house, &c. &c. or, in moral notions (conceptions), God-eternity-love-generosity, &c. &c. "In the former way of acting, Individuality is excited by the medium of the external senses; in the latter, by means of feeling and reflections.'

III. Mental Hygiene; or an Examination of the Intellect and Passions, designed to illustrate their Influence on Health and the Duration of Life. By WILLIAM SWEETSER, M.D., late Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic, and Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Reprinted from the American Edition. Edinburgh Maclachlan, Stewart, & Co. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. Royal 8vo., pp. 60. 1844.

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The republication, at a low price, of this excellent work, renders it so accessible to all classes of readers, that we need not continue the analysis of its contents, which was begun in last number. The treatise deserves to be cordially recommended both to the general and the phrenological reader; for, although it does not appear whether or not Dr Sweetser is a disciple of Gall, his views concerning the influence of the body on the mind, and of the various mental states on the body, are generally sound and well expressed, and their practical importance is forcibly inculcated. His classification of the passions is susceptible of improvement; but, as he does not pretend to minute accuracy on this subject, and as, in the present state of mental philosophy, a perfect classification is unattainable, we refrain from entering into details. Another subject of remark, to which the author may find it worth while to attend in preparing a second edition, is, that he has sometimes introduced, in illustration (not, we presume, by way of proof) of the principles expounded, apocryphal anecdotes from Herodotus and other ancient writers. This is not quite judicious in a scientific work, especially as numerous authentic instances of the same kind, of which indeed Dr S. adduces many, may be found in the works of the moderns. We suggest, also, that the book may be improved by a less frequent use of the superlative degree.

In treating of the effects of fear on the body, Dr Sweetser says:" Partial tremors, as of the limbs, or a general shuddering and shaking, and chattering of the teeth, as under the effects of extreme cold, or in the first stage of a paroxysm of intermittent fever, are also common phenomena. It is worthy of remark here, that these same symptoms, when the result of morbid physical states, are apt to be associated with an unnatural degree of timidity or apprehension. Indeed, I feel well satisfied that we possess less courage when chilled and shivering under the influence of cold, than when the surface is warm and comfortable, and the blood circulates freely through its extreme vessel." In like manner, he notices that, just as grief and melancholy disturb the functions of the liver and stomach,

with reports of popular lectures delivered by Messrs Combe, Simpson, and Drs Fyfe and Murray, to overflowing audiences, chiefly composed of working men. These lectures were much valued at the time, and we believe they have made a deep and salutary impression on all who heard them. The reports we were enabled to give of them, brief as they necessarily were, attracted a considerable degree of attention, and exercised, we have reason to know, a beneficial influence over the public mind. The time that has elapsed since then has produced many changes, and many grievous dissensions and misunderstandings between the different classes of society. Party spirit, in politics and religion, has raged with unremitting violence, and so divided man from man, and set one neighbour against another, that we had almost begun to fear that the love of philosophic truth, of social improvement, and of the kindly affections, was in danger of being extinguished among us. But if we required any proof of the groundlessness of such a fear, we should find it in the circumstance that the working men of Edinburgh retain so lively a sense of the value of the lectures we have referred to, and so strong a desire for mental culture and useful information, that three thousand of them have requested Mr Simpson again to step forward and enlighten them on the means of improving their character and condition. This is a most gratifying fact, and demonstrates strikingly the advancement that has already been made by so many of our industrious townsmen. Where the love of knowledge has been awakened, the ruder passions have ceased to reign, and the mind begins to develope the power of enjoying and diffusing real happiness.

"We need not say how deeply the public are indebted to Mr Simpson for his valuable instructions, especially when it is considered that they are given gratuitously. But he will not go unrewarded. No richer truly good man than eviden ductive of their natural fru piness; and this reward w ceive in full measure."

III. INT

Dr Gall. The portrait of was lithographed in Mannhei and copies were procured by Struve, the editor of that wo be furnished, the figure was n the German journal were th