He may also procure and distribute three complete sets to the Secretary of the Senate for use of the Senate and to the Clerk of the House of Representatives for use of the House.

The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may procure and distribute a complete set of such publications to each judge of the United States and to the Court of Claims, Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Customs Court, Tax Court, and each place where a court of appeals or district court is regularly held.

Whenever any such court, office, or officer has a partial set of any such reports or digests already purchased or owned by the United States, the Attorney General or the Director, as the case may be, shall distribute only sufficient volumes to make a complete set thereof.

Distribution under this section shall not be made to any place where court is held in a building not owned by the United States, unless the volumes are committed to the custody of a United States officer there.

§ 414. Transmittal of books to successors

All government publications and law books furnished to justices and judges of the United States and of the Territorial Courts, United States attorneys, clerks of courts, and other officers of the United States shall be transmitted to their successors in office. All permanent or bound books and publications furnished under this chapter except those books furnished to the Library of Congress for international exchange shall remain the property of the United States and shall be marked plainly, "The Property of the United States".

§ 415. Court of Claims decisions

At the end of every term of the Court of Claims the clerk thereof shall distribute one copy of each decision of such court to: (1) The heads of departments, (2) General Counsel for Treasury Department, (3) Comptroller General of the United States, (4) Commissioner of the General Land Office, (5) Commissioner of Indian Affairs, (6) Chiefs of bureaus, and (7) Officers charged with adjustment of claims against the United States.

CHAPTER 21. GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO COURTS

Sec.

451. Definitions.

AND JUDGES

452. Courts always open; powers unrestricted by terms.

453. Oath of justices and judges.

454. Practice of law by justices and judges.

455. Interest of justice or judge.

456. Traveling expenses of justices and judges.

457. Records; obsolete papers.

458. Relative of justice or judge ineligible to appointment. 459. Administration of oaths and acknowledgments.

460. Application to Alaska, Canal Zone and Virgin Islands.

§ 451. Definitions

As used in this title:

The term "court of the United States" includes the Supreme Court of the United States, courts of appeals, district courts constituted by chapter 5 of this title, including the district courts of the United States for the districts of Hawai! and Puerto Rico, the Court of Claims, the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, the Customs Court and any court created by Act of Congress the judges of which are entitled to hold office during good behavior.

The terms "district court" and "district court of the United States" mean the courts constituted by chapter 5 of this title.

The term "judge of the United States" includes judges of the courts of appeals, district courts, Court of Claims, Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Customs Court and any court created by Act of Congress, the judges of which are entitled to hold office during good behavior.

The term "justice of the United States" includes the Chief Justice of the United States and the associate justices of the Supreme Court.

The terms "district" and "judicial district" mean the districts enumerated in Chapter 5 of this title.

The term "department" means one of the executive departments enumerated in section 1 of Title 5, unless the context shows that such term was intended to describe the executive, legislative, or judicial branches of the government.

The term "agency" includes any department, independent establishment, commission, administration, authority, board

or bureau of the United States or any corporation in which the United States has a proprietary interest, unless the context shows that such term was intended to be used in a more limited sense.

§ 452. Courts always open; powers unrestricted by terms

All courts of the United States shall be deemed always open for the purpose of filing proper papers, issuing and returning process, and making motions and orders.

The continued existence or expiration of a term of court in no way affects the power of the court to do any act or take any proceeding.

§ 453. Oaths of justices and judges

Each justice or judge of the United States shall take the following oath or affirmation before performing the duties of his office: "I, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me God."

§ 454. Practice of law by justices and judges

Any justice or judge appointed under the authority of the United States who engages in the practice of law is guilty of a high misdemeanor.

§ 455. Interest of justice or judge

Any justice or judge of the United States shall disqualify himself in any case in which he has a substantial interest, has been of counsel, is or has been a material witness, or is so related to or connected with any party or his attorney as to render it improper, in his opinion, for him to sit on the trial, appeal, or other proceeding therein.

§ 456. Traveling expenses of justices and judges

Each justice or judge of the United States and each retired justice or judge recalled or designated and assigned to active

duty, shall, upon his certificate, be paid by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts all necessary traveling expenses, and also his reasonable maintenance expenses actually incurred, not exceeding $10 per day, while attending court or transacting official business at a place other than his official station.

The official station of the Chief Justice of the United States, the justices of the Supreme Court and the judges of the Court of Claims, the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, and the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, shall be the District of Columbia.

The official station of the judges of the Customs Court shall be New York City.

The official station of each circuit and district judge, including each district judge in the Territories and Possessions, shall be that place nearest his residence at which a district court is regularly held.

Each circuit judge and each district judge whose official station is not fixed expressly herein shall upon his appointment and from time to time thereafter, as his residence may change, notify the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts in writing of his residence and official station.

§ 457. Records; obsolete papers

The records of district courts and of courts of appeals shall be kept at one or more of the places where court is held. Such places shall be designated by the respective courts except when otherwise directed by the judicial council of the circuit.

Papers of any court established by Act of Congress which have become obsolete and are no longer necessary or useful, may be disposed of with the approval of the court concerned in the manner provided by sections 366-380 of Title 44 and in accordance with the rules of the Judicial Conference of the United States.

§ 458. Relative of justice or judge ineligible to appointment No person shall be appointed to or employed in any office or duty in any court who is related by affinity or consan

guinity within the degree of first cousin to any justice or judge of such court.

§ 459. Administration of oaths and acknowledgments Each justice or judge of the United States may administer oaths and affirmations and take acknowledgments.

PART III. COURT OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES

CHAPTER 41. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF UNITED STATES

COURTS

§ 601. Creation; Director and Assistant Director

The Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall be maintained at the seat of government. It shall be supervised by a Director and an Assistant Director appointed and subject to removal by the Supreme Court.

§ 604. Duties of Director generally

(a) The Director shall be the administrative officer of the courts, and under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference of the United States, shall:

(1) Supervise all administrative matters relating to the offices of clerks and other clerical and administrative personnel of the courts;

(2) Examine the state of the dockets of the courts; secure information as to the courts' need of assistance; prepare and transmit quarterly to the chief judges of the circuits, statistical data and reports as to the business of the courts;

(3) Submit to the annual meeting of the Judicial Conference of the United States, at least two weeks prior thereto, a report of the activities of the Administrative Office and the state of the business of the courts, together with the statistical data submitted to the chief judges of the circuits under paragraph (a) (2) of this section, and the Director's recommendations, which report, data and recommendations shall be public documents.