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He persuaded the king to consent to what was ametrically against his conscience and his honour, and, in truth, his security. Clarendon.

Thus intercepted in its passage, the vapour,
which cannot penetrate the stratum diametrically,
glides along the lower surface of it, permeating
the horizontal interval, which is betwixt the said
dense stratum and that which lies underneath it.
Woodward.

DIAMOND. n. s. [diamant, Fr. adamas,
Latin.]

The diamond, the most valuable and hardest of
all the gems, is, when pure, perfectly clear and
pellucid as the purest water; and is eminently dis-
tinguished from all other substances by its vivid
splendour, and the brightness of its reflexions.
It is extremely various in shape and size, being
found in the greatest quantity very small, and
the larger ones extremely seldon met with. The
largest ever known is that in the possession of
the Great Mogul, which weighs two hundred
and seventy-nine carats, and is computed to be
worth seven hundred and seventy-nine thousand
two hundred and forty four pounds. The dia-
mond bears the force of the strongest fires, except
the concentrated solar rays, without hurt; and
even that infinitely fiercest of all fires does it no
injury, unless directed to its weaker parts. It
bears a glass house fire for many days, and if
taken carefully out, and suffered to cool by de-
grees, is found as bright and beautiful as before;
but if taken hastily out, it will sometimes crack,
and even split into two or three pieces. The
places where we have diamonds are the East In-
dies and the Brasils; and though they are usually
found clear and colourless, yet they are some-
times slightly tinged with the colours of the
other gems, by the mixture of some metalline
particles.
Give me the ring of mine you had at dinn ;
Hill on Fossils.
Or, for the diamond, the chain you promis'4.
I see how thine eye would emulate the diamond:
Shakspeare.
thou hast the right arched bent of the brow.
Shakspeare

To their great Lord, whose love their motion
sway'd

In perfect diapason, whilst they stood
In first obedience, and their state of good. Milt.
Many a sweet rise, many as sweet a fall,
A full-mouth diapason swallows all. Crashaw.
Frora harmony, from heavenly harmony,
This universal frame began;

From harmony to harmony
Through all the compass of the notes it ran,
The diapason closing full in man. Dryden.
DIAPER. n. s. [diapre, Fr. of uncertain
etymology.]

1. Linen cloth woven in flowers, and
other figures; the finest species. of
figured linen after damask.

The diamond is preferable and vastly superior to all others in lustre and beauty: as also in hardness, which renders it more durable,and: lasting, and therefore much more valuable, than Woodward.

any other stone.

Thomson.

The diamond is by mighty monarchs worn,
Fair as the star that ushers in the morn. Blackm.
The lively diamond drinks thy purest rays,
Collected light, compact.
DIAPASE. 7. S.
including all tones. The old word for
[dià aac.] A chord
diapason. See DIAPASON.

And 'twixt them both a quadrant was the base,
Proportion'd equally by seven and nine;
Nine was the circle set in heaven's place,
All which compacted made a good diapase.

Spenser.

The sweet numbers and melodious measures,
With which I wont the winged words to tie,
And make a tuneful diapase of pleasures,
Now being let to run at liberty.

Spenser.

Not any damsel, which her vaunteth most In skilful knitting of soft silken twine;

Nor any weaver, which his work doth boast
In diaper, in damask, or in lyne,

Might in their diverse cunning ever dare
With this so curious net-work to compare.
Spenser.

2. A napkin; a towel.

Let one attend him with a silver bason
To DIAPER. v. a. [from the noun.]
Full of rose-water, and bestrew'd with flowers;
Another bear the ewer, a third a diaper. Shaks.
1. To variegate; to diversify; to flower.

DIAPASON. n. s. [dia wasw.]
Diapason denotes a chord which includes
tones it is the same with that we call an eighth,

all

or an octave; because there are but seven tones or notes, and then the eighth is the same again With the first. It discovereth the true coincidence of sounds into diapasons, which is the return of the same Harris.

sound.

Bacon.

Broke the fair musick that all creatures made
Harsh din

For fear the stones her tender foot should

wrong,

The ground he strew'd with flowers all along,
'And diaper'd like the discolour'd mead. Spenser

Flora used to cloath our grand-dame Earth with a new livery, diapered with various flowers, and chequered with delightful objects. Howel. 2. To draw flowers upon clothes.

If you diaper upon folds, let your work be broken, and taken, as it were, by the half; for reason tells you, that your fold must cover somewhat unseen. Peacham on Drawing. DIAPHANEITY... s. [from diapersia.] Transparency,pellacidness; power of tras hitting light.

Because the outward coat of the eye ought to be pellucid, to transmit the light, which, if the eyes should always stand open, would be apt to grow dry and shrink, and lose their diaphaneity; therefore are,the eye-lids so contrived as often to wink, that so they may, as it were, glaze and varnish them over with the moisture they contain. Ray.

DIAPHANICK. adj. [da and paivos.] Transparent; pellucid; having the power to transmit light.

Air is an element superior, and lighter than water, through whose vast, open, subtile, diaphanick, or transparent body, the light, afterwards created, easily transpired. DIAPHANOUS. adj. [ì and pai..] Raleigh. Transparent; clear; translucent; pellucid; capable to transmit light.

Aristotle calleth light a quality inherent or cleaving to a diaphanous body.

Raleigh.

When he had taken off the insect, he found in

the leaf very little and diaphanous eggs, exactly like to those which yet remained in the tubes of the fly's womb. DIAPHORE TICK. adj. [diapoentixos.] SuRay, dorifick; promoting a diaphoresis or . perspiration; causing sweat.

A diaphoretick medicine, or a sudorifick, is something that will provoke sweating.

Watts.

Diaphoreticks, or promoters of perspiration, help the organs of digestion, because the attenua tion of the aliment makes it perspirable. Arbuth.

DIAPHRAGM. n. s. [d.dfgxypa.] 1. The midriff which divides the upper cavity of the body from the lower. 2. Any division or partition which divides a hollow body.

It consists of a fasciculus of bodies, round, about one sixth of an inch in diameter, hollow, and parted into numerous cells by means of diaphragms thick set throughout the whole length of the body. Woodward. DIARRHOE'A.

n. s. [dappoin.]A flux of the belly, whereby a person frequently goes to stool, and is cured either by purging off the cause, or restringing the bowels. Quincy.

During his diarrbaa I healed up the fontanels.

Wiseman.

DIARRHOE TICK. adj. [from diarrhea.] Promoting the flux of the belly; solutive; purgative.

Millet is diarrbatic, cleansing, and useful in diseases of the kidneys. Arbuthnot. DIARY. n. s. [diarium, Latin.] An account of the transactions, accidents, and observations of every day; a journal.

In sea voyages, where there is nothing to be seen but sky and sea, men make diaries; but, in land-travel, wherein so much is to be observed, they omit it. Bacon.

Tatler.

I go on in my intended diary. DIA STOLE. n. s. [diàçonn.] 1. A figure in rhetorick, by which a short syllable is made long.

2. The dilatation of the heart.

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The systole seems to resemble the forcible bending of a spring, and the diastole its flying dut again to its natural state. Ray DIA'STYLE. [dia, andre, e pillar.) Ä ̧. sort of edifice, where the pillars stand at such a distance from one another, that three diameters of their thickness are allowed for intercolumniation.. Hans DIATE ́SSERON. n. s. [of là, and risor four.] An interval in musick, composed of one greater tone, one lesser, and one greater semitone: its proportion being as four to three. It is called, in musical composition, a perfect fourth.

Harris. DIATO NICK. [of duro.] The ordinary sort of musick which proceeds by different tones, either in ascending or descending. It contains only the two greater and lesser tones, and the greater semitone. Harris. DIAZE UTICK Tone. [of dà and Cayruus.] In the ancient Greek musick, disjoined two-fourths, one on each side of it; and which, being joined to either, made a fifth. This is, in our musick, from A to B.

They allowed to this diazeutick tone, which is our La, Mi, the proportion of nine to eight, as being the unalterable difference of the fifth and fourth. Harris.

DIBBLE. H. s. [from diffel, Dutch, a sharp point, Skinner; from dabble, Ju nius.] A small spade; a pointed in.

strument with which the gardeners make holes for planting.

Through cunning, with dibble, rake, mattock, and spade,

By line and by level trim garden is made. DIBSTONE. N. S. Tusser's Husbandry. A little stone which children throw at another stone.

I have seen little girls exercise whole hours together, and take abundance of pains, to be exLocke. pert at dibstones.

DICA CITY. n. s. [dicacitas, Lat.] Pert

ness; sauciness.

Dict.

DICE. n. s. The plural of die. See DIE. It is above a hundred to one against any par ticular throw, that you do not cast any given set of faces with four cubical dice; because there are so many several combinations of the six faces of four dice: now, after you have cast all the trials but one, it is still as much odds at the last remaining time, as it was at the first. Bentley. To DICE. v. n. [from the noun.] To game with dice.

I was as virtuously given as a gentleman need to be; virtuous enough; swore little; diced not above seven times a week. Shakspeare. DICE-BOX. n. s. [dice and box.] The box from which the dice are thrown.

What would you say, should you see the sparkler shaking her elbow for a whole night together, and thumping the table with a dice-box? Addison. DICER. n. s. [fom dice.] A player at dice; a gamester.

They make marriage vows
As false as dicers' oaths.

Shakspeart, DICH. This word seems corrupted from dit for do it.

Rich men sin, and I eat root: Much good dich thy good heart, Apemantus. Shakspeare's Timon. DICHOTOMY. 2. S. [doropia.] Distribution of ideas by pairs.

Some persons have disturbed the order of naof dichotomies, trichotomies, sevens, twelves, &c. ure, and abused their readers by an affectation Let the nature of the subject, considered together with the design which you have in view, always determine the number of parts into which you divide it. DICKENS. A kind of adverbial exclamation, importing, as it seems, much the same with the devil; but I know not whence derived.

Watts

Where had you this pretty weathercock?-I cannot tell what the dickens his name is my husband had him of. What a dickens does he mean by a trivial sum? Shakspeare. -But ha'n't you found it, sir? Congreat. DICKER of Leather. n. s. [dicra, low Latin.] Ten hides. Dict. DICTATE. v. a. [dicto, Latin.] To deliver to another with authority s to declare with confidence.

To

The spoils of elephants the roofs inlay, And studded amber darts a golden ray; Such, and not nobler, in the realms above, My wonder dictates is the dome of Jove. Pope. Whatsoever is dictated to us by God himself, or by men who are divinely inspired, must be believed with full assurance. Watts. DICTATE. H. S. [dictatum, Lat.] Rule or maxim delivered with authority; prescription; prescript.

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3. One invested with absolute authority. Unanimous they all commit the care, And management of this main enterprize To him, their great dictator. 3. One whose credit or authority enables Milton. him to direct the conduct or opinion of

others.

Nor is it a small power it gives one man over another, to have the authority to be the dictater of principles, and teacher of unquestionable truths That riches, honours, and outward splendour, Locke. should set up persons for dictators to the rest of mankind, is a most shameful invasion of the right of our understanding. DICTATO RIAL. adj. [from dictator.] Watts. Authoritative; confident; dogmatical; overbearing.

A young academick often dwells upon a journal, or an observator that treats of trade and politicks in a dictatorial stile, and is lavish in the praise of the author. DICTATORSHIP. n. s. Watts. 1. The office of dictator. This is the solemnest title they can confer under the princedom, being indeed a kind of dictatorship.

[from dictator.]

Wotton.

2. Authority; insolent confidence. This is that perpetual dictatorship which is exercised by Lucretius, though often in the wrong. DICTATURE. n. s. [dictatura, Latin.] Dryden. The office of a dictator; dictatorship.

DICTION. n. s.

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What did that greatness in a woman's mind?
Ill lodg'd, and weak to act what it design'd.
Dryden.
The sign of the preter-imperfect tense,
or perfect.

When did his pen on learning fix a brand,
Or rail at arts he did not understand? Dryden.
It is sometimes used emphatically: as
I did really love him.
DIDA'CTICAL.

3.

Dict. Latin.] Style; language; expression. [diction, French; dictio, There appears in every part of his diction, or expression, a kind of noble and bold purity. DICTIONARY. n. s. [dictionarium, Lat:] A book containing the words of any Dryden. language in alphabetical order, with explanations of their meaning; a lexicon; a vocabulary; a word-book.

DIDACTICK.

}

adj. [ddixTixos.] Pre ceptive; giving precepts as a didactick poem is a poem that gives rules for some art; as the Georgicks.

The means used to this purpose are partly didactical, and partly protreptical; demonstrating the truth of the gospel, and then urging the professors of those truths to be stedfast in the Dr'DAPPER. n. s. [from dip.] A bird faith, and to beware of infidelity. Ward on Infid

that dives into the water. DIDASCA LICK. adj. [didaσxaixos.] Preceptive; didactick; giving precepts in

some art.

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To DIDDER. v. a. [diddern, Teut. zittern,
Germ.] To quake with cold; to shiver.
A provincial word.
DIDST. The second person of the preter
Skinner.
tense of do. See DID..

Some have delivered the polity of spirits, and left an account that they stand in awe of charms, spells, and conjurations; that they are afraid of letters and characters, notes and dashes, which, set together, do signify nothing; and not only in the dictionary of man, but in the subtler vocabulary of Satan. Is it such a fault to translate simulacra imaBrown's Vulgar Errours. ges? I see what a good thing it is to have a good catholick dictionary. Stilling fed.

Oh last and best of Scots! who didst maintain

Dryden.

Thy country's freedom from a foreign reign. DIDUCTION. n. s. [diductio, Latin.] Separation by withdrawing one part from the other.

He ought to shew what kind of strings they are, which, though strongly fastened to the inside of the receiver and superficies of the bladder, must draw as forcibly one as another, in comparison of those that within the bladder draw so as to hinder the diduction of its sides.

Boyle

To DIE. v. a. [deag, Saxon, a colour.]
To tinge; to colour; to stain.

So much of death her thoughts
Had entertain'd, as died her cheeks with pale.
Milton.

DIE. n. 5.
All white, a virgin saint she sought the skies;
For marriage, though it sullies not, it dies. Dryd.
[from the verb.] Colour;
tincture; stain; hue acquired.
It will help me nothing
Te plead mine innocence; for that die is on me,
Which makes my whit'st part black. Shaksp.
We have dainty works of feathers of won-
derful lustre, excellent dies, and many. Bacon.
Darkness we see emerges into light,
And shining suns descend to sable night:
Ev'n heav'n itself receives another die,
When wearied animals in slumbers lie
Of midnight ease; another, when the grey
Of morn preludes the splendor of the day. Dryd
It is surprising to see the images of the mind

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stamped upon the aspect; to see the cheeks take the die of the passions, and appear in all the colours of thought. Collier of the Aspect. To DIE. v. n. [deadian, Saxon.] 1. To lose life; to expire; to pass into another state of existence.

Thou dost kill me with thy falsehood; and it grieves me not to die, but it grieves me that thou art the murtherer. Sidney. Nor did the third his conquests long survive, Dying ere scarce he had begun to live. Addison. Oh let me live my own, and die so too! To live and die is all I have to do. 2. To perish by violence or disease.

Denham.

The dira only served to confirm him in his first opinion, that it was his destiny to die in the ensuing combat. Dryden.

Talk not of life or ransom, he replies; Patroclus dead, whoever meets me, dies: In vain a single Trojan sues for grace; But least the sons of Priam's hateful race: Die then, my friend! what boots it to deplore? The great, the good Patroclus is no more! He, far thy better, was foredoom'd to die; And thou, dost thou, bewail mortality? Pope. 3. It has by before an instrument of death. Their young men shall die by the sword: their sons and daughters shall die by famine. Jerem. 4. Of before a disease.

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They often come into the world clear, and with the appearance of sound bodies; which, notwithstanding, have been infected with disease, and have died of it, or at least have been very infirm. Wiseman.

5. For commonly before a privative, and of before a positive cause: these prepositions are not always truly distinguished.

At first she startles, then she stands amaz'd; At last with terror she from thence doth fly,

And loaths the wat'ry glass wherein she gaz'd, And shuns it still, altho' for thirst she die.

Davies. He in the loaden vineyard dies for thirst. Addison. Hipparchus being passionately fond of his own wife, who was enamoured of Bathyllus, leaped and died of his fall. Addison.

6. To be punished with death.

If I die for it, as no less is threatened me, the king my old master must be relieved. Shaksp. What is the love of our neighbour?-The valuing him as the image of God, one for whom Christ died. Hammond.

7. To be lost; to perish; to come to nothing.

How now, my lord, why do you keep alone? Of sorriest fancies your companion making, Using those thoughts which should indeed have

died

With them they think on. Shaksp. Macbeth.

If any sovereignty, on account of his property, had been vested in Adam, which in truth there was not, it would have died with him. Locke.

Whatever pleasure any man may take in spreading whispers, he will find greater satisfaction by letting the secret die within his own breast. Spectator.

8. To sink; to faint.

His heart died within him, and he became as 1 Samuel.

a stone.

9. [In theology.] To perish everlastingly.

So long as God shall live, so long shall the damned die. Hakewill on Providende,

10. To languish with pleasure or tender.

ness.

To sounds of heav'nly harps she dies away, And melts in visions of eternal day. 11. To vanish.

Pope.

This battle fares like to the morning's war, When dying clouds contend with growing light. Shakspeare.

The smaller stains, and blemishes may die away and disappear, amidst the brightness that surrounds them; but a blot of a deeper nature casts a shade on all the other beauties, and dark ens the whole character, Addison's Spectator. 12. [In the style of lovers.] To languish with affection.

The young men acknowledged, in love-letters, that they died for Rebecca. Tatler.

13. To wither, as a vegetable.

Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground, and die, it abideth alone; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit. Jobn.

14. To grow vapid, as liquor. DIE. n. 5. pl. dice. [dé, Fr. dis, Welsh.] 1. A small cube, marked on its faces with numbers from one to six, which gamesters throw in play.

Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student from his book, and it is wonderful. Shakspeare.

I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the dice. Shaksp He knows which way the lot and the dice shall fall, as erfectly as if they were already cast. South. 2. Hazard; chance.

Eftsoons his cruel hand sir Guyon staid, Temp'ring the passion with advisement slow, And must ring might on enemy dismay'd; For th' equal die of war he well did know. Fairy Queen. So both to battle fierce arranged are; In which his harder fortune was to fall Under my spear: such is the die of war. Fairy Queen. Thine is th' adventure, thine the victory: Well has thy fortune turn'd the die for thee. Dryden 3. Any cubick body.

Young creatures have learned spelling of words by having them pasted upon little flat tablets or

dies.

Watts.

DIE. n. s. plur. dies. The stamp used in coinage.

Such variety of dies made use of by Wood in stamping his money, makes the discovery of counterfeits more difficult. Swift. DIER. 2. S. [from die.] One who follows the trade of dying; one who dies clothes.

The fleece, that has been by the dier stain'd, Never again its native whiteness gain'd. Waller. There were some of very low rank and fessions who acquired great estates: coblers, prodiers, and shoemakers gave public shows to the people. DIET. n. s. [diata, low Latin; dasta.] 1. Food; provisions for the mouth; victuals.

Arbuthnot on Coins.

They cared for no other delicacy of fare, or curiosity of diet, than to maintain life. Raleigh. Time may come, when men With angels may participate; and find No inconvenient diet, nor too light fare. Milt No part of diet, in any season, is so healthful, so natural, and so agreeable to the stomach, as good and well-ripened fruits.

Temple.

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Milk appears to be a proper diet for human bodies, where acrimony is to be purged or avoided; but not where the canals are obstructed, it being void of all saline quality.

Arbuthnot.

2. Food regulated by the rules of medi-
cine, for the prevention or cure of any
disease.

I commend rather some diet for certain sea-
sons, than frequent use of physick; for those diets
alter the body more, and trouble it less. Bacon.
I restrained myself to so regular a diet, as to
eat flesh but once a-day, and a little at a time,
without salt or vinegar.
3. Allowance of provision.
Temple.
For his diet, there was a continual diet given
him by the king.
Jeremiah.

To DIET. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To feed by the rules of medicine.
She diets him with fasting every day,
The swelling of his wounds to mitigate,
And made him pray both early and eke late.
Shew a while like fearful war,
Fairy Queen.

To diet rank minds sick of happiness,
And purge th' obstructions which begin to stop
Our very veins of life. Shakspeare's Henry iv.
He was not taken well; he had not din'd:
The veins unfill'd, our blood is cold; and then
We powt upon the morning, are unapt
To give or to forgive; but when we've stuff'd
These pipes, and these conveyances of blood,
With wine and feeding, we have suppler souls
Than in our priestlike fasts; therefore I'll watch

him

Till he be dieled to my request.

Shakspeare.

I will attend my husband, be his nurse,
Diet his sickness; for it is my office.

Shaksp.

He sauc'd our broth as Juno had been sick,. And he her dieter: DIETETICAL. Shaksp Cymbeline. DIETE TICK.lating to diet; belongadj. [diaithrean.] Reing to the medicinal cautions about the use of food.

Henceforth my early care
Shall tend thee, and the fertile burden ease;
Till, dieted by thee, I grow mature
In knowledge as the gods, who all things know.
Milton.

We have lived upon expedients, of which no
country had less occasion: we have dieted a heal-
thy body into a consumption, by plying it with
physick instead of food.
Swift.

1. To give food to.

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He received no other counsel than to refrain from cold drink, which was but a dietethal caution, and such as culinary prescription might Broton's Vul. Erg.

have afforded.

This book of Cheyne's became the subject of conversation, and produced even sects in the dietetick philosophy. Arluth. on Aliments. 1. To be distinguished from; to have To DIFFER. v. n. [differo, Latin.] properties and qualities not the same with those of another person or thing. If the pipe be a little wet on the inside, it will make a differing sound from the same pipe dry.

I'm partly led to diet my revenge,
suspect the lusty Moor
Shaksp. Othello.

Hath leapt into my seat.

3. To board; to supply with diet.

To DIET. . .

1. To eat by rules of physick.

2. To eat; to feed.

Ijoin with thee calm peace and quiet;
Spare fast, that oft with gods doth diet. Milton.
DIET-DRINK. n. s. [diet and drink.]
Medicated liquors; drink brewed with
medicinal ingredients.

Bacon.

Thy prejudices, Syphax, won't discern What virtues grow from ignorance and choice, Nor how the hero differs from the brute.

Addison's Cato. The several parts of the same animal differ in their qualities. Arbuthnot.

2. To contend; to be at variance.

A man of judgment shall sometimes hear ignorant men differ, and know well within him self that those which so differ mean one thing, and yet they themselves never agree. Bacon. Here uncontroll'd you may in judgment sit; We'll never differ with a crowded pit. 3. To be of a contrary opinion.

The observation will do that batter than the lady's dict-drinks, or apothecary's medicines. DIET. .s. [from dies, an appointed Locke. day, Skinner; from diet, an old German word signifying a multitude, Junius.] An assembly of princes or

estates.

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There are certain measures to be kept, which may leave a tendency rather to gain than to irritate those who differ with you in their sentiAddison's Freeholder. Others differ with me about the truth and reality of these speculations. DIFFERENCE. n. s. [differentia, Latin.] Cheyne. 1. State of being distinct from something; contrariety to identity.

Where the faith of the holy church is one, a difference between customs of the church doth no harm. Hooker.

2. The quality by which one differs from another.

An emperour in title without territory, who can ordain nothing of importance but by a diet, or assembly of the estates of many free princes, ecclesiastical and temporal. DIETARY adj. [from diet.] Pertaining to the rules of diet. Raleigh. DIETER. 2.s. [from diet.] One who prescribes rules for eating; one who prepares food by medicinal rules.

Dict.

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3. The disproportion between one thing and another, caused by the qualities of each.

You shall see great difference betwixt our Bo'hemia and your Sicilia. Shaksp. Winter's Tale. Oh the strange difference of man and man! To thee a woman's services are due; My fool usurps my body. Shaksp. King Lear. Here might be seen a great difference between men practised to fight, and men accustomed only to spoil. Hayward

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