SUMMATION Although historically the Nation has had no considered policy for its environment, the unprecedented pressures of population and the impact of science and technology make a policy necessary today. The expression "environmental quality" symbolizes the complex and interrelating aspects of man's dependence upon his environment. Through science, we now understand, far better than our forebears could, the nature of man-environment relationships. The evidence requiring timely public action is clear. The Nation has overdrawn its bank account in life-sustaining natural elements. For these elements-air, water, soil, and living space-technology at present provides no substitutes. Past neglect and carelessness are now costing us dearly, not merely in opportunities foregone, in impairment of health, and in discomfort and inconvenience, but in a demand upon tax dollars, upon personal incomes, and upon corporate earnings. The longer we delay meeting our environmental responsibilities, the longer the growing list of "interest charges" in environmental deterioration will run. The cost of remedial action and of getting onto a sound basis for the future will never be less than it is today. Natural beauty and urban esthetics would be important byproducts of an environmental quality program. They are worthy public objectives in their own right. But the compelling reasons for an environmental quality program are more deeply based. The survival of man, in a world in which decency and dignity are possible, is the basic reason for bringing man's impact on his environment under informed and responsible control. The economic costs of maintaining a lifesustaining environment are unavoidable. We have not understood the necessity for respecting the limited capacities of nature in accommodating itself to man's exactions, nor have we properly calculated the cost of adaptation to deteriorating conditions. In our management of the environment we have exceeded its adaptive and recuperative powers and in one form or another must now pay directly the costs of obtaining air, water, soil, and living space in quantities and qualities sufficient to our needs. Economic good sense requires the declaration of a policy and the establishment of an environmental quality program now. Today we have the option of channeling some of our wealth into the protection of our future. If we fail to do this in an adequate and timely manner we may find ourselves confronted, even in this generation, with environmental catastrophe that could render our wealth meaningless and which no amount of money could ever cure. APPENDIXES APPENDIX A DOCUMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Following is a partial listing of recent writings on environmental problems subdivided under five headings: (1) "Technical Reports," (2) "Conferences and Symposiums," (3) "Journals," (4) "News Articles and Speeches," and (5) "Books, Yearbooks, and Pamphlets.' PART 1.-TECHNICAL REPORTS The Adequacy of Technology for Pollution Abatement. Report of the Research Management Panel through the Subcommittee on Science Research, and Development to the Committee on Science and Astronautics. U.S. House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 2d session. Washington, 1966. Air Pollution: A National Sample. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service Publication No. 1562. Alleviation of Jet Aircraft Noise Near Airport. A report of the Jet Aircraft Noise Panel. Office of Science and Technology. March 1966. Executive Office of the President. Disposal of Radioactive Waste on Land. National Academy of Sciences-National Effective Use of the Sea. Report of the President's Science Advisory Committee. Environmental Pollution: A Challenge to Science and Technology. Report of the Municipal Refuse Disposal. Prepared by the American Public Works Association, Public Administration Service, Chicago, 1966. Interagency Environmental Hazards Coordination: Pesticides and Public Policy. Report of the Committee on Government Operations, U.S. Senate, made by its Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organizations. July 21, 1966. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Kehoe, Robert A. Public Health in an Industrial Society. From the Proceedings of the Conference on "Man Versus Environment." May 5-6, 1958. Published with the support of DHEW. McKiever, M. F. National Health Findings of Occupational Health Interest. Public Radioactive Contamination of the Environment: Public Health Action. Report to the Report of Select Committee on National Water Resources. Senate Report 29, 87th Report of the Subcommittee on Water Supply and Pollution Control. U.S. Department, of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service Publication No. 980, 1962, pp. 215-253. The White House Conference on International Cooperation. Natural Resources Conservation and Development Committee. Securing Health in Our Urban Future. Report to the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, by his Advisory Committee on Urban Health Affairs. A Strategy for a Livable Environment. Report to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by a Task Force on Environmental Health and Related Problems. Use of Pesticides. Report of the President's Science Advisory Committee. Weather and Climate Modification. Report of the Special Commission on Weather Weather and Climate Modification Problems and Prospects. Report of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. PART 2-CONFERENCES AND SYMPOSIUMS Beauty for America. Proceedings of a White House Conference. Darling, F., and Milton, F. P., eds. Future Environments of North America. The record of a conference convened by the Conservation Foundation in April 1965 at Airlie House, Warrenton, Va. Garden City, N. Y., Natural History Press, 1966, 767 pages. (HC95 D33) Eckardt, R. E. Challenge of Our Environment. Archives of Environmental Health 9:127-132. July 1964. Discussion 10:131-134. January 1965. Lowenthal, D. Conference on the Future Environments of North America. Geographical Review 55:438-441. July 1965. Minimum Habitable Surfaces. Family Housing Commission of the International Union of Family Organization. 1957. Conference in Cologne. Published in Brussels. Texas Conference on our Environmental Crisis, organized by the School of Architecture, the University of Texas, November 21, 22, and 23, 1965. Austin, Tex., 1966. 255 pages. PART 3-JOURNALS Abrams, C. Uses of Land in Cities. Scientific American 213:150-156. September Altshuler, A. Goals of Comprehensive Planning. Response to Altshuler: "Comprehensive Planning As a Process." J. Friedmann. American Institute of Planners Journal 31:186–197. August 1965. Arnold, D. O., and Gold, D. Facilitation Effect of Social Environment. Public Opinion Quarterly 28:513-516. Fall 1964. Bacon, E. N. City As An Act of Will. Architectural Record 141:113-128. January 1967. Baer, R. A. Land Misuse: A Theological Concern. Christian Century 83:1239–1241. Barnes, E. L. Remarks on Continuity and Change. Perspecta No. 9-10, 291–298. 1965. Becket, W. Creating Man's Environment in Tomorrow's Cities. Archives of Environmental Health 9:609–614. November 1964. Brower, S. Expressive Environment. Architectural Forum 124:38-39. April 1966. Cliff, E. P. A More Beautiful America-Forestry's Latest Challenge, Southern Lumberman 211 (2632):102-103. December 15, 1965. Coleman, W. Science and Symbol in the Turner Frontier Hypothesis. American Histroical Review 72:22-49. October 1966. Craig, J. B. Natural Beauty-The Follow Through. American Forests 71(10): 12-15, 54-55. October 1965. Dickinson, William B., Jr. Noise Suppression. Editorial Research Reports. October 20, 1963. Edgerton, R. B. Cultural Versus Ecological Factors in the Expression of Values, Environment and Behavior. American Behavioral Scientist 10:3-31. September Johnson, L. B., and Freeman, O. L. Natural Beauty and Conservation. Soil Conservation 30:213. April 1965. Libby, W. F. Man's Place in the Physical Universe. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 21:12-17. September 1965. Llewelyn-Davies, R. Ekistics, the Future Pattern of Human Settlements. Architectural Review. 138:399–401. December 1965. Lynch, K. City as Environment. Scientific American 213:209-214+. September 1965. Man and His Habitat: Symposium. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 21:18-30, March; 16-26, April; 2-11, May; 6-25 June 1965. Man's Response to the Physical Environment. Journal of Social Issues 22:1-136. October 1966. Michelson, W. Empirical Analysis of Urban Environment Preferences. American Institute of Planners Journal 32:355-360. November 1966. Pierce, Charles D. Pollution of Water Supplies. Editorial Research Reports. December 8, 1960, pp. 905-917. Rockefeller, L. S. Our Outdoor Heritage-What We Are Doing To Preserve It. Planning and Civic Comment 30:5-8. March 1964. Schmid, A. A. Qualliy of the Environment and Man: Some Thoughts on Economic Institutions. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 21:89-91. May 1966. Shaffer, Helen B. Air Pollution. Editorial Research Reports. Vol. 1, pp. 303–318, April 26, 1967. Skotheim, R. A. Environmental Interpretations of Ideas by Beard, Parrington, and Curti. Pacific Historical Review 33:35-44. February 1964. Sonnenfeld, J. Variable Values in Space and Landscape. An inquiry into the nature of environmental necessity. Journal of Social Issues 22:71-82. October 1966. Thiry, P. Total Design. American Institute of Architects Journal 45:75-78. June 1966. Thompson, B. Reflections on Environment. Architectural Record 139:110-120. January 1966. Twiss, R. H., and Litton, R. B. Resource Use in the Regional Landscape. Natural Resources Journal 6(1):76-81. January 1966. Udall, S. L. The Conservation Challenge of the Sixties. Planning and Civic Comment 30:1-4, March 1964. Wadleigh, C. H. Coming to Terms With Nature. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 20:43-45. March 1965. Wolman, A. Impact of Population Changes on the Environment. American Journal of Public Health 55:1032-1038; same American Water Works Association Journal 57:811-818. July 1965. Worenop, Richard L. Water Resources and National Water Needs. Editorial Research Reports. Vol. II, pp. 585-601, 1965. PART 4.-NEWS ARTICLES AND SPEECHES U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Creative Conservation of Natural Beauty. Address by John A. Baker, Assistant Secretary, Department of Agriculture, before Virginia Nurserymen's Association, Arlington, Va. January 23, 1966. Washington, 1966. 9 pages. Statement by Secretary of Agriculture Orville L. Freeman before 14th annual American Association of Nurserymen industrial landscaping awards luncheon, Washington, D.C. November 15, 1966. 10 pages. America the Beautified. Economist 214:778. February 20, 1965. American City: Crisis or Renaissance. Senior Scholastic 86:6-9. April 29, 1965. Diamond, H. L. Politics of Beauty. Excerpt from addresses. Parks and Recreation 1:138-141+. February 1966. |