- REIGN OF THE YOUNGER JUSTIN. EMBASSY OF THE AVARS. THEIR SETTLE- 329 the Younger 330 566. His Consulship 330 Embassy of the Avars Alboin, King of the Lombards Clepho, King of the Lom- -his Valour, Love, and bards 341 Weakness of the Emperor The Lombards and Avars CHAPTER XLVI. HIS REVOLUTIONS OF PERSIA AFTER THE DEATH OF CHOSROES OR NUSHIRVAN. irvan 610-642. Reign of Heraclius 603. Chosroes invades the Roman Empire. 386 387 . 388 . 389 611. His Conquest of Syria. 614. Of Palestine 616. Of Egypt. 370 Elevation of his Son Chosroes 371 Of Asia Minor His Reign and Magnificence. 393 621. His Preparations for War. . 398 623, 624, 625. His Second Expe- from the Persians and Avars 404 396 397 399 401 . 406 the Avars 380 627. His Third Expedition 408 And Victories 382 628. He is deposed 412 383 And murdered by his Son 386 EASTERN EMPIRE, divided into Themes Frontispiece. End of Volume. THE HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. CHAPTER XXXIX. ZENO AND ANASTASIUS, EMPERORS OF THE EAST.-BIRTH, EDUCATION, AND FIRST EXPLOITS OF THEODORIC THE OSTROGOTH. HIS INVASION AND CONQUEST OF ITALY. THE GOTHIC KINGDOM OF ITALY. WEST. STATE OF THE MILITARY AND CIVIL GOVERNMENT. THE SENATOR BOETHIUS. LAST ACTS AND DEATH OF THEODORIC. A.D. 476-527. AFTER the fall of the Roman Empire in the West, an interval of fifty years, till the memorable reign of Justinian, is faintly marked by the obscure names and imperfect annals of Zeno, Anastasius, and Justin, who successively ascended the throne of Constantinople. During the same period, Italy revived and flourished under the government of a Gothic king who might have deserved a statue among the best and bravest of the ancient Romans. Theodoric the Ostrogoth, the fourteenth in lineal descent of the royal line of the Amali,1 was born in the neighbourhood of Vienna 2 1 Jornandes (de Rebus Geticis, c. 13, 14, p. 629, 630, edit. Grot.) has drawn the pedigree of Theodoric from Gapt, one of the Anses or Demi-gods, who lived about the time of Domitian. Cassiodorus, the first who celebrates the royal race of the Amali (Variar. viii. 5, ix. 25, x. 2, xi. 1), reckons the grandson of Theodoric as the xviith in descent. Peringsciold (the Swedish commentator of Cochlous, Vit. Theodoric. p. 271, &c., Stockholm, 1699) labours to connect this genealogy with the legends or traditions of his native country.a 2 More correctly on the banks of the lake Pelso (Nieusiedler-see) near Carnuntum, almost on the same spot where Marcus Antoninus composed his Meditations (Jornandes, c. 52, p. 689. Severin. Pannonia Illustrata, p. 22. Cellarius, Geograph. Antiq. tom. i. p. 350). Amala was a name of hereditary goths. It enters into the names of sanctity and honour among the Ostro- Amalaberga, Amala suintha (swinthei VOL. V. Б Birth and education of Theodoric, A.D. 455-475. two years after the death of Attila. A recent victory had restored the independence of the Ostrogoths; and the three brothers, Walamir, Theodemir, and Widimir, who ruled that warlike nation with united counsels, had separately pitched their habitations in the fertile, though desolate, province of Pannonia. The Huns still threatened their revolted subjects, but their hasty attack was repelled by the single forces of Walamir, and the news of his victory reached the distant camp of his brother in the same auspicious moment that the favourite concubine of Theodemir was delivered of a son and heir. In the eighth year of his age, Theodoric was reluctantly yielded by his father to the public interest, as the pledge of an alliance which Leo, emperor of the East, had consented to purchase by an annual subsidy of three hundred pounds of gold. The royal hostage was educated at Constantinople with care and tenderness. His body was formed to all the exercises of war, his mind was expanded by the habits of liberal conversation; he frequented the schools of the most skilful masters, but he disdained or neglected the arts of Greece; and so ignorant did he always remain of the first elements of science, that a rude mark was contrived to represent the signature of the illiterate king of Italy. As soon as he had attained the age of eighteen he was 3 3 The four first letters of his name (OEOA) were inscribed on a gold plate, and when it was fixed on the paper the king drew his pen through the intervals (Anonym. Valesian. ad calcem Amm. Marcellin. p. 722 [tom. ii. p. 313, ed. Bipon.]). This means strength), Amalafred, Amalarich. In the poem of the Nibelungen, written three hundred years later, the Ostrogoths are called the Amilungen. According to Walamir. a Wachter it means unstained, from the privative a, and malo, a stain. It is pure Sanscrit, Amala, immaculatus. Schlegel, Indische Bibliothek. 1, p. 233.—M. Genealogical table of the family of Theodoric: restored to the wishes of the Ostrogoths, whom the emperor aspired to gain by liberality and confidence. Walamir had fallen in battle; the youngest of the brothers, Widimir, had led away into Italy and Gaul an army of barbarians; and the whole nation acknowledged for their king the father of Theodoric. His ferocious subjects admired the strength and stature of their young prince, and he soon convinced them that he had not degenerated from the valour of his ancestors. At the head of six thousand volunteers he secretly left the camp in quest of adventures, descended the Danube as far as Singidunum or Belgrade, and soon returned to his father with the spoils of a Sarmatian king whom he had vanquished and slain. Such triumphs, however, were productive only of fame, and the invincible Ostrogoths were reduced to extreme distress by the want of clothing and food. They unanimously resolved to desert their Pannonian encampments, and boldly to advance into the warm and wealthy neighbourhood of the Byzantine court, which already maintained in pride and luxury so many bands of confederate Goths. After proving, by some acts of hostility, that they could be dangerous, or at least troublesome, enemies, the Ostrogoths sold at a high price their reconciliation and fidelity, accepted a donative of lands and money, and were intrusted with the defence of the lower Danube under the command of Theodoric, who succeeded after his father's death to the hereditary throne of the Amali.5 b The reign of Zeno, 74-491, Feb., 9 An hero, descended from a race of kings, must have despised the base Isaurian who was invested with the Roman purple, without any endowments of mind or body, without adany vantages of royal birth or superior qualifications. After 1, April the failure of the Theodosian line, the choice of Pulcheria and of the senate might be justified in some measure by the characters of Marcian and Leo; but the latter of these princes confirmed and dishonoured his reign by the perfidious murder of Aspar authentic fact, with the testimony of Procopius, or at least of the contemporary Goths (Gothic. 1. i. c. 2, p. 312 [ed. Paris; tom. ii. p. 14, ed. Bonn]), far outweighs the vague praises of Ennodius (Sirmond. Opera, tom. i. p. 1596) and Theophanes (Chronograph. p. 112 [ed. Par.; p 202, 203, ed. Bonn]).a Statura est quæ resignet proceritate regnantem (Ennodius, p. 1614). The bishop of Pavia (I mean the ecclesiastic who wished to be a bishop) then proceeds to celebrate the complexion, eyes, hands, &c., of his sovereign. 5 The state of the Ostrogoths and the first years of Theodoric are found in Jornandes (c. 52-56, p. 689-696) and Malchus (Excerpt. Legat. p. 78-80 [ed. Par.; p. 244248, ed. Bonn]), who erroneously styles him the son of Walamir. a Le Beau and his commentator, M. St. Martin, support, though with no very satisfactory evidence, the opposite opinion. But Lord Mahon (Life of Belisarius, p. 19) urges the much stronger argu ment, the Byzantine education of Theodoric.-M. b Theodoric began to reign not later than 476, when he was about 22 years of age. Clinton, Fast. Rom. vol. ii. p. 146.-S. |