before Malta fell into the hands of the French and English, my own servant, Giuseppe, had lived in the service of one of the Maltese judges; and, among many horrors which he often very calmly described to me, (for he had witnessed them until he had become quite accustomed to them,) he told me that he had constantly to pass through a court in which were those who were doomed to ride upon what was called the "cavallo di legno," or wooden horse. With weights attached to each foot, he used to see them sitting bolt-upright on this sharp narrow ridge, with two torches burning within a few inches of their naked chests and backs, in order that they should relieve themselves by a change of attitude no longer than they could endure the pain of leaning against the flame. But, to return to the court.

The trial of the Turk now began, and every rigid form was most regularly followed. The accusation was read, the story was detailed, the Maltese witnesses, in great numbers, one after another, corroborated almost in the same words the same statement; several times, when the prisoner was ordered to be silent, as by some ejaculation he interrupted the thread of the narrative, did the eyes of every being in court flash in anger and contempt upon him, their countenances as suddenly returning to a smile as the evidences of the witnesses proceeded with their criminatory details. At last, the case being fully substantiated, the culprit was called upon for his defence. Although a poor, mean, illiterate wretch, it is possible he might have intended to have made a kind of a sort of speech; but when he came to the point, his heart failed him, and his lips had only power to utter one single word.

Regardless of the crowd, as if it had not existed, looking as if he thought there was no object in creation but the central judge on the bench, he fixed his eyes for some moments upon his cold, sallow, immoveable countenance, until, overpowered by his feelings, almost sinking into the ground, he clasped his hands, and, in an agony of expression which it is quite impossible to describe, he asked for "MERCY!"

“Nix standy! I don't understand ye! said an old English soldier one day, in the Bois de Boulogne, to a French general, who, with much gesture and grimace, was telling him in French, that the English were acting against the laws of nations in thus cutting down so beautiful a forest as the said Bois de Boulogne. "Nix standy!" repeated the ruddy-faced soldier, continuing to hack with all his might at the young tree, which he had almost cut down with his sabre. The very same answer was strongly expressed in the countenance of the judge, to the petition of the unhappy Turk, who, had he been in the desert of Africa, might just as well have asked merely for the ocean, as, in a Maltese court, to have supplicated for mercy. For some time the judge sat in awful silence, then whispered a few words to his colleagues; again all

was silent at last, when some little forms had been observed, the chief judge pronounced a sentence on the prisoner, which he might just as well have done without his having endured the pain and anxiety of a long trial. It is hardly worth while mentioning the sentence; for, of course, it was that the Turco, being guilty of the murder of the Maltese, was to be hanged by the neck till he was dead; every word of which sentence was most ravenously devoured by the audience: and the trial being now over, the prisoner was hurried away to his dungeon, while the crowd eagerly rushed into the hot sunshine, and open air.

A very considerable time elapsed between the sentence and the day fixed for execution. Where the prisoner was, what were his feelings, how he was fed, "and how he fared, no one knew, and no one cared; however, on the last day of his existence, I happened to be riding along Strada Forni, when I heard a bellowing sort of a blast from a cow's horn, which I instantly knew to be the signal that a fellow-creature was going to the gallows. In any country in the world the monotonous moan which proceeds from this wild uncouth instrument would be considered as extremely harsh and disagreeable; but at Malta, where the ear has been constantly accustomed to good Italian music, and to listen to nothing more discordant than the lovely and love-making notes of the guitar, this savage whoop was indescribably offensive, particularly being accompanied by the knowledge that it was the death-march and the dirge of the murderer-"the knell that summoned him to heaven or to hell!"

As I rode towards Strada Reale, the principal street of Valetta, down which the procession was proceeding, a dismal blast from this horn was heard about every ten seconds; and, as it sounded louder and louder, it was evident the procession was approaching. At last, on coming to the corner of the street, I saw the culprit advancing on his funeral car. The streets on both sides were lined with spectators, and every window was filled with outstretched figures and eager faces. In the middle of Strada Reale, preceding the prisoner, were three or four mutes; while several others were also begging in different parts of the town. These people, who belonged to some of the principal Maltese families, were covered from head to foot with long loose robes of white linen, a couple of holes being cut for their eyes. Their feet were bare, and to each ankle was affixed a chain, of such weight and length, that it was as much as they could do to drag one leg after the other. In the right hand they held a tin money-box, in the shape of a lantern, with death's head and bloody bones painted upon it. A small slit in this box received the copper contributions of the multitude; and, as these mutes passed me in horrid triumph, shaking the box every step they took, (the rattling of the money forming a sort of savage accompaniment to the deep clanking of their chains,) they had

altogether an unearthly appearance, which certainly seemed less to belong to heaven than to hell; however, the malefactor now approached, and as soon as he came up to the corner of my street, I, loosening my rein, rode for a few moments at his side, attracted by one of the strangest scenes which I think I have ever beheld. The man was half-sitting, half-reclining, on a sort of low, rattling, iron vehicle, of an indescribable shape, which raised his head a little above the level of the people; and, the very moment I looked him in the face, much of the secret history of what had passed since the day of his condemnation was as legible in his countenance as if it had been written there. He had been existing in some dark place, for his complexion was blanched by absence from light; he had evidently been badly fed, for there was famine in his sunken features; his nerves were gone, for he was trembling; his health had materially been impaired, either by suffering of body or mind, for the man was evidently extremely ill; and, last, though not least, for some mysterious reason, either from an expectation of obtaining mercy in this world or in the next, he had evidently abjured his religion, for his dirty white turban was gone, and, very ill at his ease, he sat, or rather reclined, in the clothes of a Christian!

The car on which he proceeded was surrounded by an immense number of priests, belonging to the different churches of Valetta, and apparently to those also of all the casals and villages in the island. All angry feelings had almost completely subsided; in their minds, as well as in the minds of the people, the day was one only of triumph and of joy; and, intoxicated with the spirit of religious enthusiasm, the priests were evidently beside themselves with delight at having succeeded in the miraculous conversion which they had effected. Shouldering and pushing each other with all their strength, with outstretched arms, and earnest countenances, they were all, in different attitudes and voices, calling upon the malefactor to repeat the name of their own particular saint; some behind him were trying to attract his notice, by pulling his clothes, while those before him, by dint of voice and gesture, were equally endeavouring to catch his eye; and such a confused cry of "Viva San Tommaso!" "Viva San Giuseppe !" "Viva San Giovanni!" "Viva San Paolo!" I will not pretend to describe. It was, of course, impossible for the wretch to comply with all their noisy demands; yet, poor fellow, he did his best; and, in a low faint voice, being dreadfully exhausted by the jolting and shaking of the carrriage, he repeated, "Viva San Paolo !" &c. &c., as he caught the eye of the different priests. He had evidently no rule in these exclamations which he uttered, for I observed that the strong brawny-shouldered priests who got nearest to him, often made him repeat the name of their saints twice, before the little bandy-legged ones in the rear could get him to mention theirs

once. As this strange concert proceeded, it was impossible to help pitying the poor culprit; for, if one had been travelling from one magnificent palace to another, to be so jolted and tormented both in body and mind when one was ill, would by any of us have been termed dreadfully disagreeable; but for all this to happen to a man just at the very moment he was going to be hanged-at that moment, of all others, in which any of us would desire to be left, at lest for few seconds, to his own reflections-appeared at the time to be hard indeed. After passing under the great gate, and subterranean exit called Porta Reale, the procession wound its way across the drawbridges, and along the deep ditches, &c., of the fortification, until coming out upon the great esplanade which lies between Valetta and Floriana, an immense crowd of people was suddenly seen waiting round the gallows, at the sight of which I pulled up. The priests were now more eager than ever in beseeching the criminal to call upon the name of their saint; the mutes, whose white robes in all directions were seen scattered among the people, were evidently shaking their boxes more violently than ever, while among the crowd there was a general lifting of feet, which shewed the intense anxiety of their feelings.

As the procession slowly approached the gallows, I could not hear what was going on; but in a very short time, from the distance at which I stood, I saw the man led up the ladder by the executioner, who continued always a step or two above him: the rope was round his neck, and, resting loosely on the culprit's head, there was something like a round wooden plate, through a hole in the centre of which the rope passed. As soon as the poor creature got high up on the ladder, the vociferations of the priests suddenly ceased; for a few seconds, a dead silence ensued, when, all of a sudden, there was a simultaneous burst or shriek of exclamation from priests and populace, echoing and re-echoing the words, "Viva la Cristianità!" which the man, in a low tone of voice, had just been persuaded to utter. All caps waved, every human being seemed to be congratulating each other on the delightful conversion; and no person appeared to pay the slightest possible attention to the poor wretch, who, with the last syllable on his lips, had been pushed off the ladder, and was now calmly swinging in the air, the executioner standing on the loose wooden plate above his head, holding by the rope, and, with many antics, stamping with all his force, to break the neck, while the people, in groups, were already bending their steps homewards. Not wishing to encounter such a crowd, I turned my horse in another direction, and passed a number of mules and asses belonging to many of the people who had come from the most remote casals to see the execution. The animals were all standing half asleep, nodding their heads in the sun-a herd of goats were as quietly grazing near the ramparts; and when I contrasted the tranquillity which these

animals were enjoying, with the scene I had just witnessed, I could not help feeling that I had more cause than Virgil to exclaim— "Sic vos non vobis!"

In returning from my ride, I had to cross the esplanade, and as there was then no one at the gallows, I rode close by it. The figure, which was still hanging, was turning round very slowly, as if it were roasting before the sun; the neck was so completely disjointed, that the head almost hung downwards, and, as I rode by it, I was much struck in observing that the tongue was out of the mouth, half bitten off-a dreadful emblem, thought I, of a renegade to his religion! Whether or not the poor wretch had been induced to utter his last exclamation, from a hollow promise that it would save his life, is a mystery which will probably never on this earth be explained to us; however, whatever was his creed, it is impossible to deny that when he swung from this world to eternity, he had but little reason to admire the practical part of a Roman Catholic's mercy, however beautifully and unanswerably its theory might have been explained to him.

As soon as I got to Valetta, I put up my horse, and, strolling about the streets, soon found myself in the immense church of St. John, which, in point of size and magnificence, is only second in the world to St. Peter's at Rome. The congregation was almost exclusively composed of the people who had attended the execution; and quantities of men, as well as women, semi-shrouded in their black silk faldettes, were listening to a tall, strong-looking Capuchin friar, who, with great emphasis, was preaching from a high pulpit, placed at a projecting angle of one of the many chapels which ramified from the aisle or great body of the church. He was a remarkably handsome man, of about thirty, and, though his face was pale, or rather brown, yet his eye and features were strikingly vivid and intellectual; a rim or band of jet-black curly hair encircled his head, the rest of his hair, by a double tonsure, having been shaved at the top, and from ear to ear; his throat was completely uncovered, and, as he suddenly turned from one part of his congregation to another, his earnest attitudes were very beautiful. His brown sackcloth cowl rested in folds upon his shoulders, and the loose negligent manner in which a cloak of the same coarse material hung upon his body, being apparently merely kept together by the white rope, or whip of knots, which encircled his waist, displayed a series of lines which any painter might well have copied; indeed the whole dress of the Capuchin has been admirably well imagined, and, above all others, is it calculated to impress upon the mind of the spectator that its wearer is a man doomed to abstinence and mortification, seeking no enjoyment on this side of the grave, and never lowering his eyes from heaven, but fervently to exclaim

"Vain pomp and glory of the world, I hate ye!"