"In the wide field of ancient history," says his lordship, "I have skipped over the rugged places, because I mean to lead you on carpet ground; I have passed over the unprofitable, because I would not give you the trouble of one step which does not lead directly to useful knowledge. Commence with Fleury, Du Choix de la Conduite des Etudes (§ 26 Histoire, § 31 Rhetorique); Cicero, De Oratore (lib. ii., § 51-63); De Legibus (lib. i., § 1, 2); De Officiis (lib. i., c. xxii., xxiii.); Dr. Priestley's Chart, and Playfair's Chronological Tables, for the duration and extent of the Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman Empires, and the Goths and Vandals; various portions of Raleigh's History of the World, Xenophon, Thucydides, Tourreil's History, Preface to Demosthenes (book i., c. i., § 2-8). Over and over the speeches of Demosthenes, in the original, or a translation; Vertot's Roman Revolution (book xi., xii., xiii., xiv., throughout); Sallust; Montesquieu's De la Grand. et de la Decad. des Romains (c. ii., and xi.); Cicero's fourteen speeches against Marc Antony (the second, which cost him his life, is the only speech of length). When you have finished the above course in the manner proposed, go over the whole a second time, which, if you make yourself master of it the first time, need not cost you many days. The next thing in order is, that you have some notion of the history of the Roman Empire, from Julius Cæsar to the end of the 5th century. Read ch. xii. to xviii. of De la Grandeur des Romains et de leur Décadence, 'adding the chronology, and throwing on paper enlargements in particular parts; especially the grand epochas;' "Bishop Meavie's Disc. on Univ. Hist. Lit. de l'Empire Romain, 'to the end.'

"This," he concludes, "will give you a small map, sufficient at present. Reflect on the Roman imperial government, military and tyrannical, like the Turkish and Russian."

On the study of modern history, "the best and most profitable manner," his lordship adds, "appears to me to be this: first, to

take a succinct view of the whole, and get a general idea of the several states of Europe, with their rise, progress, principal revolutions, connexions, and interests; and when you have once got this general knowledge, then to descend to particulars, and study the periods which most deserve closer examination. The best way of getting this general knowledge is by reading the history of one or two of the principal states of Europe, and taking that of the smaller states, occasionally, as you go along, so far as it happens to be connected with the history of those leading powers, which you will naturally make your principal objects, and consider the others only as accessories."

2. SPECULATIVE PHILOSOPHY.

"Whether an early habit of reflection, although obtained by speculative sciences, may not have its use in practical affairs."-BERKELEY'S QUE

RIST.

"If a man's wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences (i. e., be not subtile), let him study the schoolmen, for they are the Cymini Sectores."— BACON.

Ancient Authors.-Xenophon's Memorabilia, being an exposition of the philosophy of Socrates; the Dialogues of Plato, imbodying his Ideal or Spiritual Philosophy, especially his Phædo, Banquet, Cratylus, and the Republic; the Metaphysics, Ethics, &c., of Aristotle, imbodying his Sensuous Philosophy; Cicero's Academical Questions, being an exposition of the doctrines of the New Academy or Later Platonism; also his treatises, De Legibus and De Finibus, the one on the Philosophy of Jurisprudence, the other on the Chief Good and Ill of Man; his De Officiis, which has justly been called the heathen Whole Duty of Man; his Tusculan Questions on some branches of practical ethics; his De Amicitia and De Senectute; Seneca's Philosophical Writings; Diogenes Laer tius on the Lives of the Philosophers. The works of Plotinus, Porphyry, &c., on the New Platonism of the Alexandrian School.

Medieval Writers.-John Scotus Erigena, Berengarius of

Tours, and the great Anselm of Canterbury, representatives of the first period of the Scholastic Philosophy (the period of Realism); Roscelinus, Abelard, Peter Lombard, John cf Salis. bury, representing the second period of Scholastic Philosophy (separation of Nominalism and Realism); Vincent of Beauvais, Bonaventura, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, belong ing to the third period of the same Philosophy (Absolute Realism, and the union of the Church with Aristotelian Philosophy); Occam, &c., &c., belonging to the fourth and last period of Scholastic Philosophy (triumph of Nominalism, and separation of Theology and Philosophy).

Modern Writers.—Melancthon's Moral Philosophy, &c., &c.; Ramus's Logic; Gassendi's works, reviving and modifying the Epicurean Philosophy; Bacon's Novum Organum, &c., &c.; Des Cartes's Discourse upon Method, Meditations, and Principia; also his Logic, lately published by Cousin; Hobbes's Leviathan; Gale's Court of the Gentiles; Cudworth's Intellectual System; Malebranche's Search of Truth; Arnauld's Art of Thinking, and True and False Ideas; Pascal's Thoughts; Spinoza's Ethics; Locke on the Understanding; Stillingfleet's Criticism of Locke; Butler's Analogy, &c.; Berkeley's Minute Philosopher, &c.; Leibnitz's Tracts; Edwards on the Will; Reid's Essays; Smith's Moral Sentiments; Stewart's Elements, Essays, &c.; Brown's Philosophy; Mackintosh's History of Ethical Philosophy; Cousin's Psychology; Jouffroy's Essays; Kant's Criticism of Pure Reason, with Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling; Tenneman's History of Philosophy; Brucker's or Enfield's do.; Epitome of the History of Philosophy, translated from the French by C. S. Henry; and Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences.

3. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY.

"And for matter of policy or government, that learning should rather hurt than enable thereunto is a thing very improbable. We see it is accounted an error to commit a natural body to empiric physicians, which commonly have a few pleasing receipts, whereupon they are confident and adventurous, but know neither the causes of diseases, nor the complexions

of patients, nor peril of accidents, nor the true method of cures. We see it is a like error to rely upon advocates or lawyers, which are only men of practice, and not grounded in their books; who are many times easily surprised when matter falleth out besides their experience, to the prejudice of the cause they handle: so, by like reason, it cannot be but a matter of doubtful consequence if states be managed by empiric statesmen, not well mingled with men grounded in learning. But contrariwise, it is almost without instance contradictory, that ever any government was disastrous that was in the hands of learned governors."-BACON.

1. Theoretical Politics.-Plato's Republic; Xenophon's Cyropædia; Aristotle's Politics; Machiavelli's Prince and Discourses on Livy; Anti-Machiavelli of Frederic the Great; Languest's Vindicia contra Tyrannos; Mariana': De Rege et Regis Institutione; Hobbes's De Cive and Leviathan; Buchanan's De Jure Regni; Bodin's Republic; More's Utopia; Grotius's De Jure Belli et Pacis; Puffendorf's Elements; Locke's two Treatises on Government; Harrington's Oceana; Sidney on Government; Rousseau's Contrat Social; Salma sius's Defensio pro Carolo I.; Answer by Milton; Milton's ready and easy way to establish a free Commonwealth; Wolf's Jus Naturæ; Ferguson on Civil Society; Hume's Essays; Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws; Chas. Compte on Legislation; Bentham on Morals and Legislation; Dahlman's Politics (German); Livingston's Introduction to the Louisiana Code; Lucas on Common Law; and Beccaria on Criminal Law.

2. International Law and Relations. — Rutherford's Institutes (as well as Grotius, Puffendorf, &c., &c.); Vattel's Le Droit des Gens; G. F. Von Marten's Precis du Droit des Gens Moderns de l'Europe, and Diplomatic History; Charles Marten's Causes Célébres du Droit des Gens; Koch's Abrégé de l'Histoire des Traités de Paix, &c., &c., in Europe; Cours de Style Diplomatique; Wheaton's Law of Nations.

3. Constitutional Law.- Sismondi's Etudes sur les Constitutions; R. Constant on Constitutions; La Croix's Constitu tions of the Principal States of Europe and of the United States; Von Marten's Collection of the most important Fundamental Laws (German); Dumont on Legislation; Fritot's

Science of the Publicist (French); The Federalist; Adams on the American Constitutions; Story on the Constitution of the United States; Madison Papers, &c., &c., &c.

Political Economy.—Stuart's Inquiry (an exposition of the Mercantile System); Quesnay's Tableau Economique, &c., &c. (an exposition of the Agricultural System); Turgot's Recherchées sur les richesses, &c., &c.; Smith's Wealth of Nations; Say's Political Economy; Storch's Cours d'Economie Politique; Sismondi's Nouveaux Principes; and Franklin, Hamilton, Ricardo, Malthus, Senior, Whateley, M'Culloch, &c., &c., &c.

4. POLITE LITERATURE.

"No doubt the philosopher, with his learned definitions, be it of virtues or vices, matters of public or private government, replenisheth the memory with many infallible grounds of wisdom, which, notwithstanding, lie dark before the imagination and judging power, if they be not illuminated or figured forth by the speaking picture of poesy."-SIR P. SIDNEY.

Our limits will permit us to notice only some of the leading English writers.

Earlier Poets.-Chaucer, Gower, Wyatt, Surrey, Spenser, Daniel, Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Drayton, Beaumont and Fletcher, Waller, Milton, Cowley, Dryden, Otway.

Later Poets. Prior, Swift, Congreve, Addison, Young, Pope, Gay, Thomson, Johnson, Shenstone, Collins, Akenside, Goldsmith, Cowper, Crabbe, Burns, Rogers, Wordsworth, Scott, Coleridge, Southey, Lamb, Campbell, Byron, Shelley, Mrs. Hemans, Milman, Joanna Baillie, Tennyson.

Earlier Prose Writers.-Sir Thomas More, George Herbert, Sir P. Sidney, Selden's Table-Talk, Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, Bacon's Essays, Hooker, Evelyn, Sir W. Raleigh, Jeremy Taylor, Hall, Barrow, South, Howe, Baxter, Dryden's Prefaces, Sir William Temple, Lady Russell's Letters, Cowley, Howell's Letters.

Later Prose Writers.-Addison, Steele, Swift, Gay, Pope, Bongbroke, Richardson, Warburton, Hurd, Gray, Blair,