Ellenville, N. Y., lead and copper mines at, 82.

Elliott, Charles L., portrait painter, 333.

Fractional currency, national, 211.

Franconia, N. H., iron mines and works of, 24.

Franklin, Benjamin, bequest of, to the city of Boston, 199;
works of, 275; the press used by, 286, 289 (illustration);
first editorial experience of, 801; the "Philadelphia Gá-
zette" of, 805; educational proposals of, £57; lyceums
originated by, 511
Franklin, Pa., petroleum at, 103.

Franklin copper mine, New Jersey, 49.

Franklin copper mine, the, of Michigan, 54; production of, 58.
Franklin Institute, the, 463.

Franklinite, manufacture of, from zinc ores, 105-6.
Frasee, John, sculptor, 334.

Fraser, Charles, miniature painter, 821.
Fremont, Col., the mining operations of, 78.

Embossing machine, for books, 271 (illustration), 272.
Emerson, George B., young ladies' school of, 457.
Emerson, Rev. Joseph, young ladies' school of, 457.
Emigration, early, to America, 229; from Germany, 232; from
Great Britain, 234; from Ireland, 285; English law for
the regulation of, 236; Commission of, at New York,
operations of, 240; statisties of, 240.

Emigrants, treatment of, at Liverpool, 236; care of, at New
York, 240; table of location of, 242; expenses and capital
of, 243; remittances of, 243.

England, introduction of illuminating gas into, 145; origin of
newspapers in, 301–2.

English, the, colonization of America by, 229.
English basement houses, 247.

Engraving in the United States, present and past state of,
illustrated, 836, wood, improvements in, 332; cop-
perplate and steel, 841.

Enrequita quicksilver mine, California, 112.
Equitable Life Insurance Company, London, 225.

French Revolution, fashions during the, 254.
Friedlander's alphabet for the blind, 497..
Frock coat, introduction of the, 257.
Fry, Richard, bookseller, advertisement of, 268.
Fuel, use of gas for, 153,

Fuels used in iron-smelting, 20; for puddling, 88.
Fuller, S. Margaret, 285.

Fulton, Robert, as an artist, 826.

Furnaces, iron, construction of, for anthracite, 23; location
and working of, 23; for copper-smelting, 58, 59; for lead-
smelting, 8; for zinc, 99, 104; for quicksilver, 114; hot-
air for heating, 248. (See Blast furnaces.)
Furniture, Danufacture and varieties of, 249.

Galena, lead ore, 81.

Galena and Chicago railroad, 173.

Gallaudet, Rev. Thomas H., lalors of, for the instruction of
the deaf and dumb, 491;' system of, 493.
Galvanized iron, invention, manufacture, and uses of, 40.
Game, former use of, for food, 252-3.

Etching, process of, 342.

Eureka copper mine, Tennessee, 50.

Eveleth and Bissell, petroleum operations of, 162.

"Evening Post," New York, 302.

Everett, Alexander, career of, 277.

Everett, Edward, career of. 277; account of former school life
in Boston by, 451;

Exchange, course of, at New York, 198-4; par of, how ascer-
tained, 212.

Exports of the Atlantic cities, table of, 187.

Express, transmission of newspapers by, 806.

Extension tables, invention of, 250.

Expresses, origin and extension of, 188.

Gas, illuminating, history of, 145; cost of, 146; table of com-
panies for, 146; table of works for, by states, 147; con-
stituents of, 147; combustion of, 148; construction of
works for, and process of manufacturing, 149; coals used
for, 150; the measurement of, 150; economy in the use
of, 151; mode of testing the quality of, 152; from other
materials than coal, 152; for steamboats and railroad.
cars, 153; use of, for fuel, 153; introduction of, for light-
ing streets and houses, 249.

Gas-holders, construction of, 151.

George IV., fashions introduced by, 257.

Georgia, iron mines and furnaces of, 28; copper mines of, 50
gold mines of, 63, 69; banks in, 208; early schools of, 858
school holiday in, 885.

German immigration into the United States, 232; motives of,
233; home efforts to check, 234; causes of, 234.

German silver, composition of, 63, 117.

Gift-book system, the. 266.

Girard, Stephen, purchase of the United States Bank by, 201,
Girard College,

organization of, 486.

Glass made with oxide of zinc, 107.
Gleason's "American gas-burner," 152.
Gold, imitations of, 62: localities and mining of, in the Ap-
palachian range, C3-70; in the Rocky Mountains, 70; in
California, 71; production of, 1848-1852, 78; natural dis-
tribution of, 78; variation in the value of native, 77; mint
deposits of, 77-79 (tables); uses made of, 80; platinum
associated with, 107; iridium, 110; course of the trade in,
193; coinage of, 214; coins of, 215; mint deposits of, 216.
Gold Hill, N. C., gold-mining at, 69.

Gold-leaf, inanufacture and uses of, 80.

Gold-mining, illustrations of, 65-8; processes of, 72–77.
Gong, Chinese, American manufacture of the, 63.
Gordon, J. W. W., 115.

Gould, Miss Hannah F., 286.

Grafton, Ohio, the petroleum of, 167.

Graham, Augustus, process of, for making white lead, 94
Grain, tables of Western shipments of, 178.

Grand Trunk railway, the, of Canada, 179.

Graphite, geological position of, 122.
Grates, use of, for anthracite, 248.

Gravel walls, 246.

Gray, Henry Peters, painter, 888,

Great Britain, development of the iron manufacture of, 19;.
lead mines of, 87 process of zinc manufacture in, 99;
thickness of the coal beds of, 183; succession of races in,
228; emigration froin, 229.

Green Mountains, the, iron mines of, 24.

Greenbacks, 211.

Greene, E. D. E., painter, 333.

Greenough, Horatio, sculptor, career of, 334.
Greenwood furnace, the, 25.

Griggstown, N. J., copper mine near, 49.

Guadalupe quicksilver mine, California, 112.

Guggenbühl, Dr. Louis, institution of, for cretins, 500.

Gun metal, composition and uses of, 62–3, 120.

Guyton de Morveau, zinc paint first recommended by, 103.

Habersham county, Ga., gold mines of, 63.

Hall, James, works of, 280.

Illinois Central railroad, 173.

"Illustrated News," the, 307.

Immigration into the United States, 230; laws regulating,
231; table of, 1820-1856, 231; sources of, 232 et seq.;
statistics of, 241.

Imports and exports of Canada, 179; of Cincinnati, 180; of
New Orleans, 182; of Charleston, 183; of Baltimore, 183;
of Philadelphia, 184; of Boston, 185; of New York, 187.
Indiana, banks and banking system of, 205.

Indian corn, Western crops of, 174; importance of, 175.
Industrial schools, 517.

Ingham, Charles C., painter, 322.

Harnden, W. F., express business originated by, 188.

Inking machine, hand, 287, 290 (illustration); patent hand-
press steam, 290 (illustration).

Inman, Henry, painter, 323.

Inoculation, vaccine, introduction of, 260.

Insurance, principles of, 219; companies, classes of, 220, 221.
(See Accident, Fire, Life, Marine.)

Intelligence, general, causes of, 392.

"Harper's Weekly," 305.

Interest, fallacious idea of, 225.

Iowa, lead mines of, 84; banks in, 206.

Henry, Patrick, 275.

Hewitt, Abram S., on iron production, 19.

Hicks, Thomas, portrait painter, 333.

Highlanders, emigration of, to the United States, 229.
Hildreth, Richard, 284.

Historians, minor, list of, 284.

Hitz, John, first American maker of zinc, 99.

Hoe, Richard M., inventor of the type-revolving press, 288.

Hoffman, Charles F., works of, 280.

Holbrook, Josiah, labors of, in founding lyceums, 433.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 281.

Homes for the Friendless, 503.

Homœopathy, introduction of, 260-61.

Hoofstetter, attempts of, to manufacture zinc, 99.

Hooker, Herman, 282.

Hoop skirts, use and construction of, 258.

the famine in, 235; reformatory measures in, 236.
Iridium and osmium, use and sources of, 110.
Iridosmium, 110.

Irish emigrants, impositions upon, at Liverpool, 236; tricks
of, 238; the passage of, 239.

Irish emigration to the colonies, 229.

Iron, early exportation of pig, 18; production of, 1828-1855,
20; principal ores of, 20; comparative cost of the pro-
duction of, 23; distribution of the ores of, 24; kinds of
32; production and importations of, 46; domestic, amount
and value of, 47; chromate of, 118.

Iron manufacture, historical sketch of, 18; advantages of the
United States for, 19; materials employed in, 20; fuels
used in, 22; furnaces for, 23; processes of, 32 (see Cast
iron, Wrought iron, Sheet iron, Puddling, &c.); statistics
of, 45; effect of the war upon, and prospects of, 47.
Iron Manufacturers, Association of, 45.

Iron mines, distribution of, 24 et seq.

Iron mountain, Mo., 31.

Iron works, early, in the colonies, 17; table of, in 1858, 45.
Irving, Washington, works of, 278.

Isle Royale, copper mines of, 52, 58.

Ivison, Phinney, Blakeman & Co., sales of school books by,
263.

Jackson, N. H., oxide of tin at, 120.

James River coal mines, first working of, 18, 121.

Japanese ambassadors, bill for the entertainment of the,
197.

Jarvis, John Wesley, painter, 328.

Jay, John, extract from, upon education, 361.

will of, 348.

Horn-book, the, 413.

Horse-shoe nails and horse-shoes, machines for, 43.

Hose-washing in California, 72.

Hosmer, Harriet, sculptress, works of, 336.

Hotel, the modern American, 261.

Hotels of New York, 196.

Houdon, statue of Washington by, 334.

Houghton, Dr. Douglass, exploration of the Michigan copper
mines by, 51.

Houses, early style of building, 245; improvements in, 246–7;
in the Southern States, 247; improvements in warming,
248; lighting of, 249, 251.

House's printing telegraph, 310 (illustration), 311.
Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, 286

Howe, Dr. Samuel G., 497,

Huancavelica quicksilver mines, Peru, 111.
Hubbard, Wis., immense iron bed of, 30.

Hudson river, iron furnaces on the, 23; early trade of the,

186.

Jefferson, Thomas, plan of coinage by, 213; writings of, 275;
plan of a school law by, 350; extract from, upon educa
tion, 360.

Jewelry used in gift-book sales, quality of, 266.
Johnson, Eastman, painter, 325.

Jones, Richard, process of, for making white oxide of zinc
from the ore, 104.

"Journal of Coinmerce," New York, 302.

"Journal of the Rhode Island Institute of Instruction," 398.
Juvenile Asylums, 485,

Kansas, coal-beds of, 124.

Keeseville, N. Y., nail factories of, 25.
Kemble, Mrs. Frances Anne, 286.
Kennedy, John P., works of, 278.

Kent, Chancellor, extract from, upon education, 361,
Kent ore bed, Conn., 24.

Kentucky, iron mines and furnaces of, 29; thickness of the
coal-beds of, 133; banks in, 207.

Kerosene Oil Works, Newtown, L. I., 154, 158.
Keweenaw Point copper mines, 51, 52; production of, 57.

common schools, 360,

Huntington, Daniel, painter, 333.

Huron copper mine, production of, 58.

Hydrocarbon gas, manufacture and character of, 152.

Hydraulic gold-mining, 65.

Hydraulic works of California, 72.

Hydrocarbon or coal oils, 154. (See Coal oils.)

Hydropathy, introduction of, 261.

teaching, 501.

King, Chas. B., painter, 328.

King's College, New York, foundation of, 355.
Kirkland, Mrs. Caroline M., 285.

Knife-handles, balanced, 251.

Königshütte, Silesia, zinc works at, 101, 102.

Kossuth hat, introduction of the, 259,

Idria quicksilver mines, Carniola, 111.

Illinois, lead mines of, 84; coal in, 124; banks in, 206.

Lamps, varieties of, 251-2.

Lancaster, Pa., zine mine near, 97.

Lancaster county, Pa., nickel mine in, 117.

Land, railroad grants of, 173; sales of, 1821-1860, 174; war-
rants and donations of, 174; amount of, unsold, 175.
Land offices, opening of, 169, 170.

Land sales, government system of, 169; amount of, 1790-1820,
171; increase of, from speculation and public works, 172.
Land speculation, evil effects of, 171, 172.
Land States, increase of population in, 175.
Landscape painters, 333.

Lapis calaminaris, 98.

Lard oil, 154.

Lawrence, Abbott, 484,

Lawrence Scientific School, 400.
Law schools, 578; table of, 564.

Lead, ores of, 81; localities of, 82-6; shipments of, from S.
W. Virginia, 84; from the upper Mississippi, 85; dimin-
ished production of, 86; table of production and imports
of, 1832-1858, 87; smelting, methods of, 87; fumes of,
methods of arresting, 90; manufactures of, 91; separa-
tion of silver from, 116.

Lead mining in the colonies, 18.

Lead pipe, manufacture of, 91; use and danger of, 92.
Leclaire, process of, for making zinc paint, 103.

Lectures and lecturers, 433–4.

Legal-tender notes, national issue of, 211.

Legaré, Hugh S., career and writings of, 278.

Leg-of-mutton sleeves, 258.

Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, 136.

Lehigh Coal Mine Company, 121.

Lehigh county, Pa., zinc mines of, 97.

Lehigh region, the, coal produced in, 1820-1860, 135.

Lehigh river, slack-water navigation of, 136; railroad, 139.

Lehigh valley, iron furnaces in the, 23; iron ores of, 26.
Leslie, Mrs. Eliza, 285.

Leslie's "Illustrated Newspaper," 307.

Le Sueur, discovery of lead mines by, 18, 84.

Letter-writers of the Revolution, 275.

Leutze, Emanuel, historical painter, 333.
Liberty, Md., copper mines near, 49.

Libraries in the United States, 507; principal, table of,
585

Life insurance, statistics and principles of, 224; in different
countries, 225; table of comparative rates of, 226; ten
years' non-forfeitable plan of, 227.

Light, materials used for, 249, 251-2. (See Gas, Coal oils.)
Lignite, formation and beds of, 122.
Limestone as a flux for iron ores, 20.

Line engraving, process of, 341.

Lippincott, Mrs. Sarah J., 286.

Lippincott & Co., publishers, transactions of, 268.
Liquors, former universal use of, 253.

Litchfield, Conn., girls' school at, 457.
Literature, American, 274.

Lithography, 343.

Liverpool, fleecing of Irish emigrants at, 236.
Live-stock insurance companies, 227.
Lloyd's, marine insurance, 223.

Loadstone, the, 21.

Locust Mountain coal-measure, section of, 132.
Log houses, construction of, 247.

Looking-glass plates, preparation of, 114.
London, marine insurance at, 223.
Longfellow, Henry W., works of, 280.

Longstreet's "Georgia Scenes," extract from, 374.
Lossing, Benson J., works of, 284.

Louisa county, Va., gold mines of, 64.

Louisiana, purchase of, 170; banks in, 208.
Louisville, origin and growth of, 180.

Lovell's Latin School, Boston, account of, 450.

Lowell, James Russell, 281.

Lowell Institute, Boston, 513.

Lubricating oils from coal, 161.

Lucesco oil works, 157.

Lumpkin county, Ga., gold mines of, 70.

Luyck, Rev. Dr. Egidius, 347.

Lyceum movement, the, 455.

Lyceums, 512; for mutual instruction, history of, 510.

Lyon, Miss Mary, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary estab-
lished by, 457.

Malachite, green, 48.

Malbone, Edward G., miniature painter, 329.
Mallet's method of making galvanized iron, 40.
Manassas Gap, Va., copper ores at, 49.

Man catchers of Liverpool, 236–7; tricks of, 238.
Manganese, use, sources, and treatment of, 119.
Manhattan Gas Light Company, 145.
Mann, Horace, 516.

Manual labor schools, 414.

Maricopa Mining Company (silver), 116.

Marine insurance, 223; table of, in New York, 224.
Mariposa county, Cal., quartz-mining in, 73.
Marshall, John, works and character of, 276.
Maryland, iron mines and furnaces of, 28; copper mines of,
49; gold in, 64; cobalt in, 117; chromium in, 118; coal-
field of, 124, 135; banks in, 205; colonial legislation of,
upon education, 255.

Maryland Agricultural College, 482.
Massachusetts, early iron works in, 17; lead mines of, 82;
manganese in, 119; coal in, 129; colonial issues of paper
money in, 198; colonial coinage of, 213; marine in-
surance in, 224; life insurance in, 225; colonial legisla-
tion of, upon education, 412; the constitution and laws
of, upon education, 501.

Massachusetts Hospital and Life Insurance Company, 224.
Massachusetts School for Imbecile and Feeble-minded Youth,
501.

Mather, Cotton, works of, 274.

Mauch Chunk railroad and coal business, 136.

Mauch Chunk Summit mine, section of, 132.

Mecca, Ohio, the petroleum of, 167.

Mechanics, schools for, 414.

Medical schools, 478; table of, 568.

Melville, David, efforts of, to establish the use or gas, 145.
Meneely, Messrs., bell foundry of, 63.

Mercurial medicines, preparation of, 115.

Mercury, use of, in gold-mining, 74, 76; uses of 110; ores of,
111; mines and yield of, 111; mining of, in California,
112; total production of, 112; metallurgic treatment of
114; useful applications of, 114.

Mezzotint engraving, 342.

Michigan, iron mines and furnaces of, 29; copper mines of,
51; coal-field of, 129; banks in, 206; Agricultural Col-
lege of, 482; University of, scientific course of, 420.
Middletown, Conn., argentiferous lead mine at, 18, 82.
Migration, universality of, 228.
Military Academy, the, 475

Mills, Clark, sculptor, 336.

Milson, Mr., Carlisle tables constructed by, 224.
Milwaukee, origin, growth, and trade of, 178.
Mimbres copper mines, 116.

Mine Hill, N. J., zine mines at, 97.

Mine la Motte lead mine, 86; cobalt at, 117; nickel at, 117,
118.

Mineral paints, 247.

Minesota copper mine, the, ancient and modern working of,
54; production of, 56.

Mining, the earliest American charter for, 18.

Mining industry of the United States, history of, 17.
Minnesota, banks in, 206.

Mint, the United States, establishment of, 213; operations of,

214 et seq. (See Coinage.)

Mints, table of gold deposits at the, 78-9.

Mirrors, silvering of, 114.

Mississippi, banks and banking in, 207.

Mississippi basin, settlement of the, 170.

Mississippi valley, the, early style of house furniture In, 251.

Missouri, iron mines of, 31; lead mines of, 85; cobalt and
nickel in, 117, 118; banks in, 208.

Money, origin and nature of, 212.
Monroe, N. Y., iron beds of, 25.
Montana, gold and silver mines of, 71.
Montour's ridge, Pa., iron mines of, 27.
Moor's Indian Charity School, 353,
Moravian schools in Pennsylvania, 357,
Moresnet, Belgium, zine mine at, 101.
Morse, S. F. B., career of, as a painter, 331

Morse's telegraph apparatus, 311, 313 (illustration).

Morris, Robert, report of, upon coinage, 213.

Moselem iron bed, the, 26.

Motley, John Lothrop, works of, 284.

Mount, William S., paintings of, 331.

Mount Pisgah coal mines, 136; railroad plane, description and
illustrations of, 136, 137, 139.

Muntz's yellow metal, 61.
Music books, sales of, 268.

Nacoochee valley gold mines, Georgia, 63, 70.

Nails, manufacture of, and American improvements in, 41;

297.

National Academy of Design, establishment of the, 828,
origin and progress of the, 841.

National Bank. See Bank of the United States.

National banks, system of, 211.

Naturalization laws, the, 230.

Naval Academy, the, 476.

Nazareth, Pa., Moravian school at, 857.

Nickel, uses and mines of, 117; ores of, 118.

Neal, Joseph C., writings of, 281.

Neal, Mrs. Alice B. (Haven), 285.

Nebraska, banks in, 207.

New Almaden quicksilver mire, California, 112; picture of,

113.

Newark, N. J., manufacture of zinc at, 104.

North Carolina, iron mines and furnaces of, 28; copper mines
of, 50; gold mines of, 68, 69; lead in, 84; cobalt in, 117,
nickel in, 118; coal-beds of, 129; banks in, 208; colonial
legislation of, upon education, 357.

Northeast, N. Y., lead mine at, 82.

Norton, Andrews, 282.

Norwich Free Academy, Conn., view of, 533.

"Notes on Virginia," Jefferson's, 276.

Nott, Eliphalet, D.D., letter of, upon school-teaching, 874;

Ohio, iron mines and furnaces of, 29; petroleum in, 162, 167;
government land sales in, 169, 170; banks and banking
system of, 205.

Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 494.
Ohio State School for Idiots, 500.

New Brunswick, N. J., copper mine at, 49.

New England, early iron works in, 17; iron mines and fur-
naces of, 24; use of peat in, 122; decline of the whaling
business of, 154; banks in, 203; fire insurance in, 222;
origin and progress of the book trade in, 2683; colonial
school system of, 346.

New England Primer, specimen of the, 540.
Newfane, Vt., gold found at, 64.

Newfoundland, ancient Norse colony in, 228.
New Hampshire, iron mines of, 24; copper in, 49; lead in, 82;
tin mine in, 120; colonial legislation of, upon education,
853; State law for education in, 423.

New Haven, early town action for schools in, 846
New Jersey, early copper mining in, 18; iron mines and fur-
naces of, 25; copper mines of, 49; zinc mines of, 97;
banks in, 205; early schools in, 348.
New Jersey Franklinite Company, 106.
New Jersey Zine Company, 104.
New Orleans, gold deposits at the branch mint of, 78; acqui-
sition and early commerce of, 170; origin, growth, and
commerce of, 181; trade and valuation of, 1804-1859, 182;
course of trade and exchange at, 182; competition of
other places with, 183.

Newspapers, establishment of, in England, 801; in the United
States, 302; in New York, statistics of, 804; advertising
in, 804; daily, former and present business management
of, 305; other classes of, 807; aggregate number and cir-
culation of, 807.

New York, iron mines and furnaces of, 24; copper in, 49; lead
mines of, 82; petroleum in, 167; the canals of, 171; the
railroads of, 172; issues of paper money by, 199; banks
and banking systems of, 204; fire insurance in, 221; ma-
rine insurance in, 223; life insurance in, 224; number of
foreigners in, 242; Dutch colonial school system in, 346;
colonial legislation of, upon education, 354; State school
law of, in.1795, 426; school superintendent appointed in,
426 State Library of, 508.

New York Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, 498.
New York Central railroad, 172.
New York Children's Aid Society, 505.
New York city, shot towers in, 94; .ntroduction of gas into,
145; extent of gas pipes in, 146; early trade of, 185; trade
and finance centred at, 186; course of trade at, 186; pop-
ulation, commerce, and valuation of, 1684-1860, 187;
speculation at, 187; mode of business in, 188; effects of
discoveries and public improvements upon, 188; move-
ment of business and population in, 190; railroads and
telegraphs in, 190; subdivisions and methods of business
in, 191; exports and imports of, 187, 192; trade in gold
at, 193; exchange, banking, and stock operations at, 194;
hotels in, 196; the retail trade of, 197; assay office at,
215; insurance in, 222-4; newspapers of, 802; circulation
of the, 803; Sunday press of, 807; Mechanics' School of,
403; orphan asylums in, 505.

"New York Express," the, 305.
New York Gas Light Company, 145.

New York Home for the Friendless, 505,

New York Juvenile Asylum, 503.

"New York Ledger," the, 805.

New York Society Library, foundation of, 855.

New York Life and Trust Company, 224.

New York Mercantile Library, 510.

New York State Asylum for Idiots, 500;
"New York Times," the, 304.

New York Tribune," the, 804.

Nòrinal schools, 479,

coal, 160. (See Coal oil, Petroleum.)
Oil Creek, Pennsylvania, petroleum on, 162.
Old field school in Virginia, account of an, 877.
Olefiant gas, composition of, 147.
Olmsted, Prof. Denison, 899.
Olmsted's anthracite stove, 248.
Oneida Lake, iron mines near, 25.
Ontonagon copper mines, 52, 54; production of, 57.
Orators, celebrated American, 275.

Oregon, platinum in, 107; iridium in, 110.
Oreide, discovery of, 251.

Orphans, institutions for the education and training ɔ1, 505.
Orr, Hugh, manufacture of cannon by, 19.

Orr, Isaac, inventor of the air-tight wood stove, 248.
Osgood, Mrs. Frances, 286.
Osmium, 110.

Oswego, origin, growth, and trade of, 176.
Ovens, construction of, in old-fashioned houses, 246.
Ovid, N. Y., agricultural college at, 482.
Oxide of cobalt, 117; of manganese, 119; of zinc, see Zins
paint.
Oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, fusion of platinum by the, 109
Owen, D. D., survey of the lead region by, 84.
Owyhee gold and silver mines, Idaho, 71.

Packer Collegiate Institute, the, 405, 532-8 (illustrations).
Page, William, painter, 831.

Paine, Thomas, revolutionary writings of, 275.
Painting, academies and schools of, 343.
Painting and painters in the United States, 824
Paints, new kinds of, 247. (See White lead, Zinc paint.)
Paletot, introduction of the, 258.
Palmer, sculptor, works of, 828.
Pantaloon, definition of, 257.
Paper, printing, sizes of, 272.
Paper money, origin, kinds, and use, of, 198; comparative de-
preciation of, in the colonies, 213.
Paraffine, preparation and use of, 159.
Parley, Peter, school recollections of, 875.
Parton, Mrs. S. P. W. (Fanny Fern), 285.

Passaic Mining and Manufacturing Company, 104, 106.
Passengers, arrivals of foreign, 1820-1859, 240; of native, from
abroad. 243.

Patents, number of, issued, 259.
Pattinson's method of treating argentiferous lead, 90.
Paulding, James K., works of, 278.
Pawnbrokers, the business of, 197.
Peabody, George, 510.

Peabody Institute, Baltimore, 510,
Peale, Charles Wilson, 328; art academy founded by, 843.
Peale, Rembrandt, career and paintings of, 328.
Peat, formation and beds of, 122.
Peele, J. T., painter, 833.
Peet, IIarvey P., 494.

Pennsylvania, iron mines and works of, 26; copper mines of,
49; lead mines of, 83; zinc mines of, 97; chromium in,
118; manganese in, 119; first use of the coal of, 120; chart
of the anthracite region of, 126-7; coal strata of, 129;
thickness of the coal-beds of, 135; production of coal in,
1820-1860, 184-5; public improvements of, for coal trans-
portation, 185; history and production of petroleum in,
162-8; banks in, 205; early educational laws and institu-
tions of, 857.

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 844.

Pennsylvania and Lehigh Zinc Company, 104.

Pennsylvania Asylum for the Blind, 497

Pennsylvania canal, opening of, 171.

Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 491.

"Pennsylvania Packet," the, first American daily newspaper.