tion and exportation, and with the substantial security it holds for the amount of the duty, while the merchandise may be transferred through innumerable hands, and from port to port. Such is an outline of the substitute we have adopted, and which effect. ually dispenses with a necessity for all the complicated regulations of a warehousing system It would have been far better had we never departed fram a plan so simple, convenient, and secure. But we soon adopted provisions for bonding and warehousing teas. Our unfortunate experience proves that this change has not been advantageous either to commerce or revenue. Our next departure was the act of 20th April, 1818, for depositing wines and spirits, which, if not speedily repealed, will prove infinitely more mischievious than its predecessor. It would be difficult to contrive a more loose and clumsy imitation of the warehousing system of Great Britain than that framed in the act of 1818. Under this law, there were, in 1827, seventy-seven warehouses and parts of warehouses occupied by Government in the port of New York, and probably more im 1828. The mode of executing it-and it is impracticable to execute it in any better manner-is generally to set apart a certain portion of the importer's warehouse, which is secured by temporary barriers, and placed under the joint lock and key of the Government and importer. The property thus deposited in the owner's warehouse, and his bond without surety, are the snbstitutes for a bond with two sureties, and a lien upon the estates of the parties. Any one familiar with the practical operation of this act knows, that it is at all times in the power of the occupant to withdraw the merchandise without the knowledge of the revenue officers; and that in fact the only substantial security we now hold for the duties on wine and spirits, deposited, is the honour of the importer.If this act was designed to add to Government security, it was an extraordinary expedient. If it was intend ed to guard against the adulteration of wines and spirits, it was useless or abortive The guard is useless as it respects wines and spirits for consumption and abortive when they are designed for exportation, as they are within the reach of the occupant. But we the actual possession of it, whether designed for consumption or exportation; in our country we have adopted a substitute for warehousing, which an experience of forty years proves to be equally secure; more convenient to government, and infinitely more advantageous to commerce. they do in other countries, the extensive use of ware. houses. They will be wanted only for occasional and temporary deposites, and for merchandise not designed for our use, but for the consumption of other countries. Warehouses, for these limited purposes, should belong to government. It would not only be essentially useful to commerce, but a measure of economy, if we were to construct public warehouses on a moderate scale at all our principal ports of entry. This branch of legislation has been most singularly neglected. In ninety-seven ports of entry; we have only fourteen custom-houses, and in these fourteen ports not three public warehouses worthy to be so called. Even in New York, the commercial emporium of the Union, where more than half of the whole revenue of the country is now collected, and where two hundred and thirty millions have accrued since 1789, we have no Government warehouse, even for the examination of merchandise. The committee would recommend the construction of public warehouses in all the principal ports of the United States. When these are established, it would be proper to extend the existing privilege of voluntary warehousing: so long as the charges on the merchandise were annually paid, there would be no sound reason for any limitation of the term for which it might remain in the custody of the government waiting a market at home or abroad. Whenever such measures are carried into effect, our credit might be again moderated. If the merchandise be entered within three months, a credit of six and nine months, from the date of importation, might be allowed; and, if at any time after that term, four and six months' credit might be given from the date of entry for consumption, or for transportation coastwise, with debenture. In the mean time, our existing credits ought to be abolished, and more uniform and inoderate rates established. Fourfifths of our duties are now collected at from eight to twelve months: if all the existing terms were repealed, and six, nine and twelve months were allowed on all importations, without distinction, no very important change would be made, while it would have a tendency to prevent voyages merely for the purpose of creating capital from revenue bonds. In thus presenting their views at length, the committee have had no other motive than to make them known to those interested, preferring to act with caution, and to postpone any legislation upon the subject to another Congress. To the adoption of a general warehousing system upon the plan establishWarehousing has been most extensively used in ed in Great Britain, they are decidedly opposed. have another guard far more effective. They can ne. Under our regulations, the Government is relieved ver be exported for debenture without passing under from the trouble of taking charge of the merchandise, the immediate inspection of an officer whose duty it the number of custom house officers is diminished, is to reguage and mark every cask, and whose vigi- the revenue is secure, and its amount increased. lance in detecting frauds is stimulated by his own in- The merchant manages his property as he pleases; terest; for he shares largely in every forfeiture. It is, offers it for sale for consumption or exportation, or in any view, a singular precaution to risk the whole both; and is entirely relieved from the trouble of duty, in order to protect our revenue from frauds, daily visiting the custom house, and from the conwhich, if they ever existed, were too insignificant to stant and useless superintendence of revenue officers. attract the notice of Government. In attempting, by The committee content themselves for the present the act of 1818, to guard against imaginary dangers, with recommending for the consideration of Conwe have uselessly multiplied the duties and the num- gress, with a view to future legislation, the proprie ber of our officers; substituted a doubtful for a sub-ty of repealing all laws relating to warehousing teas, stantial security; imposed troublesome regulations on honest traders, and afforded every possible facili ty to all who are disposed to defraud the Government. The committee are of opinion that our ancient practice was the most secure and convenient for all parties; and that all the special provisions for warehousing teas, wines and spirits, ought to be repealed. Under any system for the collection of the revenue, warehousing must be adopted to a limited extent; but while we act upon the sound and convenient rule established in 1789, our merchants will generally prefer, as they do now, to take the merchandise into their own possession. We shall not require, as wines and spirits; of abolishing the various credits now existing, and of allowing six, nine and twelve months on the duties on all merchandise, without discrimination; and of authorizing the construction of government warehouses in all the principal ports of the U. States. Printed every Saturday morning by William F.Geddes, No.59 Locust street, Philadelphia; where, and at the PUBLICATION OFFICE in Franklin place, 2d, door back of the Post Office(back room) subscriptions will be thankfully received. Price $5 per annum. THE REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA. DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE. VOL. III.-NO. 11. EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD. EARLY HISTORY. Copy of a letter from James Logan to Charles Gookin, May it please the Governor, NO. 63. Since that time the Surrender came upon the stage, while I was in England, and then I am sure I had no noIt is now near seventeen years since the Proprietor send- tion the Governor had any thought of soliciting for a ing for me to his house made me a proposal to come over commission under the crown to himself. If, therefore, with him into this province as his Secretary. After I had favoured another's pretensions with whom I had some time taken to advise upon it, I at length accepted long lived, and generally very ffriendly, seeing the Gothe offer, and having arrived here he thought fit to in-vernor, had never imparted to me any thought relative trust me not only in his Proprietary affairs to a very high to himself upon it. I cannot see why this should be illdegree, but also committed a great share of those of taken, or I be accounted in any case a worse man for it. Government to my care. At his departure he appointed Coll. Hamilton, a very worthy gentleman, then go-ments within the Proprietors affairs, not through any I have thus far given a short account of my engagevernor of the Jerseys, his deputy in the Government, desire to raise an opinion of myself, but to state my case under whom I was obliged to take a greater charge in such terms to the Governor, as that while he profesupon me than was well consistent with my other enses the greatest regard to the Proprietor, with whom algagements. That gentleman dying, the government so I have stood in some trust, he might the more clearly devolved on the Council, whose commission not being see how inconsistent it is that I should be singled out sufficiently full in relation to the Lower Counties, we and made an object of so much indignation, and treated found means nevertheless to preserve the administration in good order, tho' the trouble of it then at the first with so much harshness, when at the same time I can breaking out of the war was exceeding great. In less than challenge all mankind to give one instance in which I twelve months after Coll. Evans arrived, who being but Interest which we are both engaged in. And I hope I have knowingly acted any thing in opposition to that young and wholly unexperienced, the Proprietor, it seems, had entertained so favourable an opinion of my have ever opposed or have been deficient in serving his may boldly appeal to the Governor himself whether I regard to his interest that he was pleased in his instructions to him to take such notice of me as the Governor own interest with any Assembly to the best of my ability canst best judge of by remembering those he gave thy misrepresented by whispers that may be too easily hearor understanding. I know not how I may have been self, which thou wast pleased to show me. After that Gentleman's arrival, he gave a general satisfaction to kened to, but I can with a good conscience, and in the the Proprietors friends for some time, till upon other sight of God declare, I know not of one particular but I views he thought fitt to estrange himself from them, in have strenuously laboured his advantage against all opwhich he soon after saw cause to alter his measures, position on the other side. but the steps he had taken in that time gave such ofNow while I have been as thus stated, and still am in fence to the Proprietor that he was removed. I have relation to the Proprietor, and while the Governor acts already hinted at the Proprietor's instructions to thyself by his commission and ever professes the greatest rein relation to me, and upon the strict charge he gave me gard to his interest, I hope it cannot be accounted a in his letters on that head, I not only thought myself forwardness or presumption in me to make this applica obliged, but actually exerted my best endeavours to tion to the Governor in behalf of that interest, earnestly serve thee, which I can truly say I did, with all the sin- beseeching him to consider whether the truest honour cerity I should ever wish for myself in the nearest friend. be not the faithful discharge of a trust, and whether it Not long after I became fully sensible of the efforts would not be much more justifiable in all events to commade by some persons, some of the effects of which ap-mune and advise with the Proprietor's faithful and appeared in one or two passages of thy conduct to me in my own inner chamber, yet I resolved unshakenly to serve my Master and his Lieutenant under him to the utmost of my ability; nor can I remember that I was ever taxed by the Governor, even in his angriest moments, with one step I had made to his disadvantage, saving in the opinion I gave concerning Capt. Gibb's Pink, which I justified only by affirming that it was what I should freely doe were it my own case; and I must here declare that this was so far from being intended, as the Governor has too unkindly interpreted, as a snare to his prejudice, that it is still my sentiment, and what I durst undertake to justify before any competent and impartial judges; for since no false steps could be made by the Governor in such points without deeply affecting the Proprietor at the same time, it can never be imagined, that if I had really an ill design against the Governor (which, however, was far from my thoughts) I would venture so openly to advise in a case where I must myself be made accountable for it; VOL. III 21 proved ffriends, such as the Council consists of, than new and inexperienced hands, who are strangers to our affairs, and act as if they were not much otherwise to the very nature of an English Government. I will by no means question the Governor's sincerity or good intentions for the Proprietors service, but of this I am as sure as that the sun gives day-light, that his (I mean the Proprietors) Interest, is at this juncture in the greatest danger in the Lower Counties, by means of the late and present misunderstanding in one of them. Those counties have long stood, but too loose to the Proprietor, and now, by a happy turn, and of which, if the Governor pleased, he might make an excellent use, they unanimously assert the Proprietors Charters and Grants to them, by which they seek to bind themselves more firmly to him than ever, at the very juncture in which our disputes with Maryland are coming on the stage. Therefore not only common justice requires it that they should uninterruptedly enjoy every civil right that is granted to them, but further in regard to the Pro should now be spoken to-But if nothing but misfortunes and disappointments must be his Lott, and these be drawn on him by those he depended on to serve him, He, as well as we, must submit to the Rigour of it! With which shall conclude Thy well wishing frd. J. LOGAN. ADDRESS OF THE ASSEMBLY To the Proprietor complaining of the conduct of Gor. May it please ye. Hone. family.) prietors Interest 'tis impossible that any man can be a ffriend to that interest, and not endeavour at the same time to cultivate and improve the best understanding that may be with that people, in procuring for them the full possession of those Privileges which they have the most undoubted right to claim. But if on ye. contrary those measures should be continued which the Governor has (I hope thoughtlessly, or passionately, or by unskilful advice, and not deliberately) taken with them; If all those who could serve the Proprietors Interest there by uniting the country to him are rejected under the name of his enemies and exasperated against him by an opprobious treatment from his Lieutenant and by his commission; while none but strangers or men who (From the ORIGINAL in possession of Dr. Logan's have never been of any significancy in the place are cloathed with all the Power and are made, instead of Protectors of the Kings Subjects by Law, their open Oppressors through their partiallity, Ignorance, or Wil Tho we had the Misfortune of receiving no answer fo fulness;-I say, with all due submission, if instead of our address of October last, delivered by Mr. Clemt. laying hold of those great advantages now presented of Plumsted, nor of having by our present administration uniting these people to the Proprietary Interest more in any wise cause to signify now to ye. Hone. any closely than ever, they should, by so unprecedented and amendment of the Greevances therein expressed, Yet so causeless a treatment (from which no possible good We think it our Duty both in regard to ye. Hone. our can arise to any man living on this side Maryland) be Prope. and Governe. in Chief, and to those we repreprovoked, as there is a real danger of it to a total defection sent, as also of our Selves, To acquaint ye. Hone. from us by the measures now continually pursued in op. which We hereby as Representatives of New Castle, position to the earnest remonstrances of the Proprietors Kent and Sussex doe, That as the Several Complaints, known ffriends, I shall here respectfully offer it to the in our late Remonstrance Mentioned were in themselves Governor to consider how,'when the matter comes to be Truth and fact. So we have not by any means had the judged he will be able to clear himself either of the gross-least abatement of those abuses, but instead thereof an est Imprudence and Weakness, or else of a most open addition, by being this present Assen.bly, not vouchsafed breach of trust to the ruin of his honour; nor can this neither yc. presence of his hone. ye. Lieut. nor any be all, but while the Governor himself suffers in his Re-person from him, but much contrary to our Inclination, putation, his principal the Proprietor will much more deeply suffer in his Interest. That must sink and fall, and this purely by his having taken C: Gookin for his friend, and trusting him in affairs of the highest importance to him, in which he proved so far from serving him according to Instructions and expectations, that he rather choose to Sacrifice his own Honour, and both his own and Principals Interest to a few ill-grounded | Resentments, as if now when his Principal the Proprietor is rendered uncapable to serve himself, he must, with all his friends the Council whom the Governour ever till of late used to hearken to, be utterly expunged from having any further place in his thoughts; and yet by all this, no visible Interest whatsoever is served but that of Maryland, who could neither wish nor contrive any thing more in their favour, had they the direction of all the Governor's measures, than those he is now taking. Let me, therefore, beseech the Governor, from what I have said in the first part of this, to summon to his Remembrance the Right I have to call upon him in the Proprietors behalf, and let me without Resentment or slight, implore and Obtest him by all the Regard he has to his own Honour and the Trust reposed in him, and also to common Justice, to have compassion on the Proprietors distressed family, and not involve them further in a Labyrinth of trouble, which will be the certain consequence of these disorders, if not duly remedied, of which I should say much more were it fitt to commit the whole to writing. The Proprietor deserves nothing but well of the Governour, why then should he be loaded with further trouble by him? The Council have generally been very faithful to the Governor as well as to the Proprietor, and can have no private interest in those points to pursue. Why then on such important occasions, should all avenues be wholly shut up to their advice? or how could the Governor suffer by it should they be consulted in filling up every Commission as formerly has been usual? oblidg'd to return to our Respective homes without being able to provide those wholesome Laws for the benefit and ease of those We represent which they might and did Justly expect from us. And tho his hone, our Lieut. Governe. mett the As sembly the last year, yet We are Sorry to tell Ye. Hone. it was only to continue his Slights, contemptuous usage, and il Language, utterly refusing any act of Govermt. in Conjunction with us. As Lenity, Moderation and Justice have ever been the greatest motives of Peopling and Settling this Infant Country under ye. Goverment, So we amongst many others being upon these foundations here settled, humbly request that You will be pleased not to suffer those attributes for which your self are soe greatly conspicuous, and to which your Govermt. hath ever adhear'd be to the sorrow and loss of these your Counties inverted. And we insted thereof reap and finde an administration of which these virtues are the least Ingredients. We fly to you Sr. as to a father, and from you expect our Deliverance, and as we are perswaded that no such pressures (as in our last were mentioned) could either be well pleasing to you or beneficial to ye. People and Govermt. So in all humbleness, We intreat, that by yr. Honrs. orders a suitable remedy may be provided, for the ease, quiet and welfare of these ye. Counties, and the honr. and the intrest of the family. Signed by the house. Richard Finmen JASPER YEATES, Speaker. Allexander Molosson John Roades For my own part I shall willingly Retire and resign up every Trust, Yet have here thought myself obliged to give the Reasons why I think I ought at this time to speak, as also why the Proprietors unhappy affairs Honble. William Penn, Esqre. [Directed] for Evan Jones Richard Richards, Senr. John ffrench James Robinson John Richardson 1829.1 REPORT ON PROVIDENT SOCIETY. TO THE PROVIDENT SOCIETY FOR EM- The Board of Directors of this Institution in presenting their fifth Annual Report to their benevolent constituents, have to state to them, that the means which they adopted for the relief of poor women, during the past season, did not differ materially from those which had been employed for several previous seasons. They consisted in the purchasing of materials and employing poor women to make them into muslin shirts, at a moderate compensation for their labour. How far this kind of employment was desirable and beneficial to the class of poor people who partook of it, will be best understood by mentioning that the number of applicants during the season was 990, and that the number of shirts made was 18,831. Of these a great part has been shipped to Southern ports in the United States, for sale. Returns have been made for some parcels at satisfactory prices; but of others, although remittances have been received on account of them, the accounts of sales have not come to hand, and the Board cannot ascertain with so much certainty as on former occasions, the amount of funds which will be at its command for future operations. It is believed, however, that the estimate made in the statement of the operations of the House, presented herewith, viz: five thousand six hundred dollars, may be relied on for this purpose. The Treasurer's account is also presented herewith, from which it appears that the sum of $646 50 has been received during the past season, from subscribers, and that there is now a balance in his hands of $1836 70 in cash, and $1615 in a note due the 4th February next, together $3451 70. Applicants for work for the approaching season have been numerous, and the Board of Directors, desirous to supply their wants, with as little delay as possible, have purchased a considerable quantity of muslin, which has been cut up into shirts, and p epared for delivery to the work people; the new Board will no doubt fix an early day for delivering the work out to them. The board of directors have again pleasure in bearing testimony to the faithful and correct behaviour of the work-people who have had employment from this Institution. Of the large number of shirts delivered to be made, there are very few missing, and the small deficiency may doubtless be attributed to casualites arising from sickness or death. The Asylum for lost children continues to be useful, in affording protection to infant wanderers, and the means of speedily restoring them to their parents, or friends. To the friends and supporters of this institution it is well known that there is a general want of employment for poor seamstresses at this season of the year; and the usefulness of this Society has principally been, from the beginning, the affording of work which is readily done, when a better kind could not be had from other sources. The benefits thereof, although not large, are grateful, coming when most needed, at a time of peculiar stress, and often cheering to the minds of delicate females, because they have saved them from the humiliating necessity of asking alms, while they were able to labour for their bread. The Board have to apprise the Society that Elizabeth Chapman, our late matron, who came into our service at the commencement of the Institution, left us in the month of September last, in order to take charge of another important trust, viz: the office of Matron in the House of Refuge. It is due to Mrs. Chapman to state, that from the beginning to the end of her connexion with this institution, she most faithfully and strictly performed the duties of her situation; and by her industry and good management, aided by those of her daughter, she greatly promoted the interests of the concerns under her care. 163 On the 8th October, the Board elected Mrs. Mary By order of the Board of Directors. $10,555 23 The Committee of accounts relating to the operation of the From goods sold, of which ac counts have been $5,050 04 And for interest of 4,500 00 22 00 9,572 04 Making the balance of receipts and pay- The total amount of subscription In the years 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, as before reported And in the year 1828, 10,598 60 646 50 11,245 19 506 69 11,061 92 The expenses of the House of Industry have been, Balance, For this Balance the Institution has- Goods on hand, may produce Which is respectfully submitted, ANTHONY M. BUCKLEY, Philadelphia, January 10th, 1829. 4,423 481 689 52 5,113 00 5,948 914 $11,061 92 3,451 70 700 00 1,000 00 150 00 300 00 $5,601 70 Committee of S Accounts. PRESIDENT'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS, DELIVERED BY GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON, lutary lesson of political experience which teaches that the military should be held subordinate to the civil power. The gradual increase of our Navy, whose flag has displayed, in distant climes, our skill in navi On being sworn into office, as President of the United gation, and our fame in arms; the preservation of our States, on the 4th of March, 1829. Fellow Citizens:-About to undertake the arduous duties that I have been appointed to perform, by the choice of a free people, I avail myself of this customary and solemn occasion, to express the gratitude which their confidence inspires, and to acknowledge the accountability which my situation enjoins. While the magnitude of their interests convinces me that no thanks can be adequate to the honor they have conferred, it admonishes me that the best return I can make, is the zealous dedication of my humble abilities to their service and their good. As the instrument of the Federal Constitution, it will devolve on me, for a stated period, to execute the laws of the United States; to superintend their foreign and their confederate relations; to manage their revenue; to command their forces; and, by communications to the Legislature, to watch over and to promote their interests generally. And the principles of action by which I shall endeavour to accomplish this circle of duties, it is now proper for me briefly to explain. forts, arsenals, and dockyards; and the introduction of progressive improvements in the discipline and science of both branches of our military service, are so plainly prescribed by prudence, that I should be excused for omitting their mention, sooner than for enlarging on their importance. But the bulwark of our defence is the national militia, which, in the present state of our intelligence and population, must render us invincible. As long as our government is administered for the good of the people, and is regulated by their will; as long as it secures to us the rights of person and of property, liberty of conscience, and of the press, it will be worth defending, and so long as it is worth defending, a patriotic militia will cover it with an impenetrable agis.Partial injuries and occasional mortifications we may be subjected to, but a million of armed freemen possessed of the means of war, can never be conquered by a foreign foe. To any just system, therefore, calculated to strengthen this natural safegard of the country, I shall cheerfully lend all the aid in my power. It will be my sincere and constant desire, to observe towards the Indian tribes within our limits, a just and liberal policy; and to give that humane and considerate attention to their rights and their wants, which are consistent with the habits of our government, and the feel In administering the laws of Congress, I shall keep steadily in view the limitations as well as the extent of the executive power, trusting thereby to discharge the functions of my office, without transcending its author-ings of our people. ity. With foreign nations it will be my study to pre- The recent demonstration of publc sentiment inserve peace, and to cultivate friendship, on fair and scribes, on the list of executive duties, in characters honourable terms; and in the adjustment of any dif- too legible to be overlooked, the task of reform; which ferences that may exist or arise, to exhibit the forbear-will require, particularly, the correction of those abuance becoming a powerful nation, rather than the sensi-ses that have brought the patronage of the Federal Gobility belonging to a gallant people. vernment into conflict with the freedon of elections, and the counteraction of those causes which have disturbed the rightful course of appointment, and have placed or continued power in unfaithful or incompe In such measures as I may be called on to pursue in regard to the rights of the separate States, I hope to be animated by a proper respect for those sovereign members of our Union; taking care not to confound the pow-tent hands. ers they have reserved to themselves, with those they have granted to the confederacy. The management of the public revenue-that searching operation in all governments-is among the most delicate and important trusts in ours; and it will, of course, demand no inconsiderable share of my official solicitude. Under every aspect in which it can be considered, it would appear that advantage must result from the observance of a strict and faithful economy.This I shall aim at the more anxiously, both because it will facilitate the extinguishment of the national debtthe unnecessary duration of which is incompatible with real independence-and because it will counteract that tendancy to public and private profligacy, which a profuse expenditure of money by the Government, is but too apt to engender. Powerful auxiliaries to the attainment of this desirable end, are to be found in the regulations provided by the wisdom of Congress, for the specific appropriation of public money, and the prompt accountability of public oficers. With regard to a proper selection of the subjects of impost, with a view to revenue, it would seem to me that the spirit of equity, caution and compromise, in which the Constitution was founded, requires that the great interests of agriculture, commerce, and manufactures, should be equally favoured; and that, the only exception to this rule, should consist in the peculiar encouragement of any products of either of them, that may be found essential to our national independence. In the performance of a task thus generally delineated, I shall endeavour to select men whose diligence and talents will ensure, in their respective stations, able and faithful co-operation-depending, for the advancement of the public service, more on the integrity and zeal of the public officers, than on their numbers. A diffidence, perhaps too just, in my own qualifications, will teach me to look with reverence to the examples of public virtue left by my illustrious predecessors, and with veneration to the lights that flow from the mind that founded, and the mind that reformed our system. The same diffidence induces me to hope for instruction and aid from the co-ordinate branches of the government, and for the indulgence and support of my fellow citizens generally. And a firm reliance on the goodness of that Power whose providence mercifully protected our national infancy, and has since upheld our liberties in various vicissitudes, encourages me to offer up my ardent supplications that He will continue to make our beloved country the object of his divine care and gracious benediction. HON. MATTHIAS HOLLENBACK. The Hon. MATTHIAS HOLLEN BACK, whose death was announced in your paper of last week, was born of German parentage, in Hanover, upon the Swatara, then Lancaster, now Lebanon co. Pennsylvania. Here he was innured to all the sufferings and privations incident to a frontier settlement at that early day. Possessed of a firm and vigorous constitution, and endued by nature with a strong, active and enterprising mind, at the age of seventeen, he joined the first adventurous party, who Considering standing armies as dangerous to free came to make a permanent settlement, under the augovernments, in time of peace, I shall not seek to en-thority of Connecticut, in the Valley of Wyoming.large our present establishment, nor disregard that sa- This was in the autum of 1769. From this period the Internal improvement, and the diffusion of information, so far as they can be promoted by the constitutional acts of the Federal Government, are of high importance. |