interview, and my appreciation of the patriot in passages from a eulogy before the Grand Army of the Republic, at his death:

The following interesting reminiscences were brought out in an interview with Hon. J. B. Grinnell, who knew Gen. Grant personally. In reply to a question, he said:

"Hon. E. B. Washburn, M. C. from Galena, had more to do with his gaining position for military and civil power than any person living, and on resigning a cabinet position as Secretary of State had a distinguished career as minister to Paris in the time of revolution and war; yet for some reason not known to the public, Grant, the protege, and Washburn, a political Warwick, were not in the last ten years in social and loving accord; but of the occasions for this it is no time to talk.” Under what circumstances did you see General Grant?

"It will involve a little personality, and my neighbors and good fortune gave me opportunities, and I will answer: I first met the general with a request that he should give James F. Wilson, now our senator, a place in his cabinet. He said I could talk with Mr., but there was no need of any state or political expression. The second meeting was in the White House, after his inauguration, with this message to him as he met me and we looked out of the window, 'I know Wilson has declined to go into the cabinet on the ground of poverty, but I have engaged that house' (to which I pointed) on the square, as a friend and citizen of Iowa, and hope it will aid in meeting his objection, if not too late.' The reply was, 'I am very sorry you were not here early this morning. I set my heart on having your friend Wilson near me, but he declined three positions, and the secretary has just left for the Senate waiting for the names of cabinet sent for confirmation. Too late! too late! I regret to say.'

"Until then I did not know that more than one place had been tendered, nor was I aware of all the diplomatic talk incident to the occasion.

"The third occasion was when the president was signing commissions, and I was about to leave for Iowa. He said, 'You have not been in to see me as I asked you.' 'No,' I replied, 'the last thing you want is more company, and by the press you can't please half who do come.' That is true, and I shall be called a dull, slow politician. Iowa complains, I presume, and I want to know about some things.'

"At this point an artist was announced, who was touching a portrait, and was ready for a sitting. Come along,' said the general. We can talk while I am the victim. It is one of the penalties for notoriety that I would swop off without a word.' 'Talk on,' said the artist, 'the more vivacity the better,' and Grant was the silent man' no longer.

"Grinnell, do you know what you had to do in bringing my troubles on? Washburn said, the other night, as we talked over political events, that you were the first man in the halls of Congress that mentioned me as a possible candidate for president, but it was no real kindness.' I could only answer that, 'When Washburn so often shouted General Grant, with a very emphatic broad, long a, that I was for the man who came out ahead, and did not care for his politics, and being badgered by democrats to name him, said amidst some applause, that it was this hour Grant, and to speak frankly, I was afraid you would be captured by the demoerats; so very many I could name.' (The colloquy is in the Congressional Globe, and after near 20 years, I forget the details). I have,' said the general, 'heard that before, as to the fear of a democrat, if I had any politics, but the scare is all over.' Then he launched off on horses and Indians, saying, 'Every reservation was deemed a paradise and coveted by white men, but they were as a rule over

rated; not half as good soil as Illinois or Iowa. You are leaving Congress, what do you expect from the administration?' 'Nothing,' I answered. For near ten years I have been in state and national service, and have a family and cares at home, and you will not have places for all who want them.' 'Don't you know that the senators have you in mind, and have asked me to wait,' etc., etc. 'It is news to me, and on my account there need be no delay. If I can get favors for friends, let me be a cipher.'

"The rest I will not mention, and would not this had it not been said, when for the next term I was for Greeley, that I was offended, it not being true, as Senator Harlan and many others know.

"The fourth meeting was at Des Moines, at the Army of the Tennessee meeting, I think in 1874. There was a grand greeting in the parlors of the Savery House, but I was not in the house, remembering the active part in the Greeley campaign, and that a Chicago paper had made me say harsh things of the general, never spoken, and that he asked an Iowa man what was the matter with me when he knew no cause for my course, to gain this reply: 'Greeley had long been a particular friend.' Still I am ashamed, not of my company, politically, at that time, nor of my words, but that I distrusted and feared coldness from one who met me half way across the room with a cordiality that was marked by the company, and I confess was an embarrassment, added to which was a compliment later to my dinner speech on The Navy. Pardon this, but it was an incident which stamped the great hero as one of the most generous of mortals, and brings him near to my heart in grateful emotion.

"I cannot help the conviction, that he would have been a grander figure in history if president once, rather than a second or third term candidate. That I think was his private opinion, and of non-partisans the world over. Still his life stands for courage, simplicity and patriotic devotion. No American had such favor by circumstances in military and civil life, and with one acclaim he will find honor with Washington, for he was not venial, nor coarse in speech. In later years he abjured profanity as vulgar, strong drink as corrupting, and held implicit faith in the value of religion as divine, and our debt of gratitude to a common Saviour he acknowledged."

MEMORIAL ADDRESS.

Towers are measured by their shadows, and the resounding crash tells of the fall of the majestic oak. Did ever the raven wing of mourning cast so dark and broad a shadow, or the fall of a mortal send so deep a sigh around the world, as the demise of Grant, the nation's idol?

Soldiers of the Grand Army! You have peculiar pride in a comrade, and none shall chide you for tears and a kinship in idolatry to the worship of a God. Alexander, the Grecian warrior, moulded but six hundred thousand men less than the army your great captain vanquished. The Roman Cæsar clouded his fame by the destruction of a million of men in conquest; Grant commanded a million for union, with the genius of a soldier and the heart of a peacemaker. Greatest of the marked figures in military service were either slain for their ambition, a prey of corrupting vices, or escaped dying like a hermit, or banished to solitudes where only moaning winds and dashing waves voiced in sad refrain the shouts of conquest, while it is left for you to admire and mourn one whose later life was a climax in the silence he won from foes; a world's applause, and the brave endurance of disease, and the calmer, bold meeting of the King of Terrors, from the mountain height where the weary spirit ascended to its home in the bosom of God.

A MISJUDGED HERO.

I have pleasure in the recollection of voting in Congress the gold medal, and to create the rank of lieutenant-general, only held by Washington, for Grant; yet language fails me in fit mention of the envious, cool maligners of his fame, those carpet knights and military shams of doubtful loyalty, feigning the scream and flight of eagles, while noisy, hungry and of evil omen. We were regaled with slanders specific and distinct as the odors of the famed city of Cologne, while comrades were silent, and the great soldier-president was too busy and too great for an abasement in denial. I, with thousands of his party, would not, did not, question his generalship, yet deemed his administration personal rather than broad- his associations more repulsive than inspiring. We were ignorant of the man. The reports of his coarse texture as a mortal, profane speech and intemperate habits, had made the circuit of the world, with all the gross, morbid begettings of falsehood. I bow my head in confession of ignorance, and of an honest but unfair judgment of his personal worth, gladly to join in the praises of clouds of witnesses, to aver he adorned those virtues in which he was held to be wanting, and emerged from the passing cloud to shine brighter, as do the lights of heaven for temporary obscuration, and like a sun our hero will shine in the radiation of cardinal virtues through the ages.

Confiding boldness was the key to minor faults, and the grand solution and secret of supreme power. Character in the soldier he read like an open book, and dared to trust. Generous in praise for corporal as for captain; cordial and gallant, returning the sword of the vanquished Lee, a new leaf was added to the page of chivalry, and a character you search for vainly in the Iliad of Homer or in the annals of modern warfare. The cautious have only lean virtues, and in war are allied to show, and sink with mediocrities. They are the old side-judges, wise only in their silence; pulpy and fair in the shade, but clever, pompous negations. This was not Grant in robust manhood. He feared neither petty thieves, the assassin's bullet, nor the rising fame of a ranking general. A silent tongue left his fame to the candor of the world, and warm blood pulsated in his mission, leaping like a cataract rushing to the ocean. Like a Cromwell, he trusted a God "to cover his head in the day of battle" - never planned for defeat, but for victory, sounding the trumpet-call from Cairo to Richmond-forward! forward!

My countryman, with bold actors, God's confiding agents, there may be seeming errors, but they are forgotten at the tomb, and it were as profane in their mention to-day, as the illusion of Washington that Arnold was a patriot, or that the traitorous kiss of Judas discredits the purity of the world's Savior.

A PROVIDENCE.

The world can add to its providential deliverers, Gustavus Adolphus, Washington, Cromwell and Moses, another wondrous personage under the divinity that shapes national existence. What agonies for his coming, in camp, amidst prison horrors, city mobs and wasting credit! I saw the General McClellan, skilled in entrenchment, and in grand parades. Into the face of the gallant Hooker I looked to discern the dashing eye under too narrow a brow to gauge the campaign. The hand of Burnside we took in sorrow as he, with modest distrust, threw aside a commander's commission. Who next? The voice of the great war minister and the wisdom of Lincoln pointed to the hero of Donelson and Vicksburg; late an obscure clerk and poor wood-chopper, now to guide our destiny. He is a dull stu

dent of Providence who does not see him held back and in reserve for the blows that destroyed slavery, an armed rebellion, collossal in malignant power, and for stern splendid statesmanship, on the death of the martyr Lincoln by the assassin's bullet.

We were drifting like a dismasted ship on the breakers. Victories in the West were counterbalanced by rebel success in the East. Drafting was resisted, soldiers were discouraged. The great powers of the earth were in secret league with our enemies. Repudiation threatened the national credit. Oh! what gloomy forebodings of border warfare blackened by pillage, the crimes of assassination, bloody insurrections and a race war, with the woes in apocalyptic vision, "blood flowing to the horses' bridles."

WHAT CAME?

The virtues and blessings of peace can never be pictured but in faintest outline, in praise of our dead chieftain. A million soldiers returned to their families; slavery dead; thirty-eight great states revolving like planets, smoothly in their orbit, not twenty-eight weak in dissension and barricaded for war. American, significant of unity, renown and power. A home where three per cent. bonds are at a premium, as in the great money marts, our credit leading all nations. Of a people rising from wealth in the sum of sixteen thousand millions of dollars in 1860 to fifty thousand millions in 1885, and surpassing in growth of population in each post-bellum decade every rival; the envy of monarchs.

The ex-president becomes a guest of the nations. How responded and bore our guest? In cultivation of fraternity which gave us fifteen millions by arbitration from England. Asking not for his country honor by prowess on the sea, nor a standing army, rather one hundred millions annually to the families and soldiers sick and maimed by war. Our free church and free schools were held up as our crown jewels, with the fervor of an advocate.

There was unfolded in later years a personal character more to be admired than a public career at home or abroad. He was greater in poverty, and facing the storm of detraction, as he who rules his own spirit is greater than he who taketh a city. Then the knowledge of fatal disease brought no murmur. "Self-schooled, self-scanned, self-honored, self-secure." Mortals could not add to his renown.

Friends, behold the silent, pale, great captain! He has given testimony to the value and divinity of the Christian religion and bravely welcomes his last enemy, the "King of Terrors". Mightier than the famed shield of Achilles is his protector, bearing the loves of this world, and awaiting the welcome of patriots and comrades, Lincoln, Rawlins, Reynolds, McPherson, Thomas, and a cloud of gallant spirits passed before. The glow of the camp fire is dimmed in the brightness of the coming of the great deliverer for whom the lips move, and the voice breaks forth in praise. That spirit invincible on earth, is at rest in a higher realm-it is the peace of God.

CHAPTER XIII.

Thaddeus Stevens-Schuyler Colfax-John A. Logan-Gratz Brown-David Davis-Henry S. Foote-Jefferson DavisGen. Winfield Scott - Henry Clay - Daniel Webster.

THADDEUS STEVENS.

It is unusual for men of mark to obtain their just rank while living. Mortuary service is fittingly sympathetic, adulatory; but stirring, fierce partisans mould events which conspire to delay a just verdict long after the death of the actor.

Since the death of Thaddeus Stevens there has been ample time to temper the praise of ardent admirers, and to blunt the shafts of enemies. Having enjoyed the favor of his friendship, and rare opportunities to know him in the national House of Representatives during the late war, I attempt with the admiration of a friend to compress ample material for a volume into this article in vindication and illustration of a great character.

Did not our last quarter of a century, fruitful of forces, produce one great American commoner? The British House of Commons may represent our House of Representatives, from which only a leader in alliance with popular measures, an American commoner, may spring. Mr. Blaine in his eulogy on Garfield before Congress, so justly praised, cites three parliamentary leaders, Mr. Clay, Mr. Douglass and Thaddeus Stevens. Generosity to one of another political school, it is fair to infer, moved to the naming.

He graduated at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, not far from his home, and was soon engaged as a teacher in the Academy at York, Pennsylvania, for which position his discipline, clear perception and enthusiasm made him of service in giving impetus to many students, later conspicuous and able in the higher pursuits of life. No one had a higher contempt for the exploits of a mere genius or the profundity of mere impromptu speeches, which had a preface in boast of ignorance of books.