HENRY, PATRICK, views relative to Spain and the Mississippi, 107. Course in regard to the Federal Convention, 107. Opinions on the Fed- eral Constitution, 568, 571. HIGGINSON, STEPHEN, remarks on a system of general revenue, 72, 78. Remarks on the con- duct of the American ministers at Paris, 73. Advocates including the expenses incurred by the states in a general provision for the public debt, 78. Remarks on the proportion of freemen to slaves in fixing the contributions of states, 72. Remarks on a proposed convention of the East- ern States, 81.
HILL, MR., 11.
HOLLAND. See DUTCH.
HOLTEN, SAMUEL, opposes the system of per- manent revenue, 57. Declares his conviction of
the necessity of a permanent revenue, 61. Re- marks on the conduct of the American commis- sioners at Paris, 74. Remarks on the proportion of freemen to slaves in fixing the contributions of states, 72.
HOSTILITIES, suspension of, proposed by Con- gress, 80. Refusal of Carleton to suspend, 80. HOUSE. See SENATE, REPRESENTATIVES. Con- gress to be composed of two, 127, 129, 189, 205, 375, 377, 558.
HOUSE OF DELEGATES of Virginia, 113. HOUSTON, WILLIAM C., attends the Federal Convention, 123. Moves a reconsideration of the resolution for choosing the President by electors appointed by the state legislatures, 357. HOUSTOUN, WILLIAM, attends the Federal Convention, 141. Doubts the propriety of a guaranty as to the state constitutions, 333. HOWE, LORD, 27. HOWELL, DAVID, represents Rhode Island in Congress, 1. Advocates the report on the differ- ences between New York and Vermont, 4. Re- ports against the proposal of Pennsylvania to provide for the public creditors within the state, 5. Proposes a settlement with the troops tempora- rily raised by the states, 5. Opposes military proceedings against Vermont, 9, 10. His letter relative to the proceedings of Congress published, and the discussions thereon, 13, 15, 16, 22, 80. Pens the objections of Rhode Island to the im- post, 15.
HUDDEY, CAPTAIN, retaliation for the murder of, 2.
HUNTINGDON, BENJAMIN, represents Con- necticut in Congress, 1.
ILLINOIS, grievances there, 100.
IMMUNITIES, of citizens of each state to be ex- tended to them in the others, 132, 381, 563. Of trade between the states, 479, 484, 545, 561. IMPAIRING of private contracts by the states, 485, 546, 562.
IMPEACHMENT, power of, to belong to House of Representatives, 129, 377, 559. Trial of by national judiciary, 128, 188, 205, 329, 332, 380. Under jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 131, 380. Not to be tried by jury, 381, 484. Trial of by the Senate, 506, 528, 529, 534, 561. Of the President, 131, 149, 190, 195, 326, 335, 339, 340, 361, 366, 376, 380, 480, 507, 528. Of the su- preme judges, 447, 462. Of the heads of de- partments, 446. Judgment on it, 381, 529. Ex- tent of the judgment under it, 381, 559. Pardon not to extend to, 480, 562. No pardon in, by the President, 131, 380, 562. Conviction under it, 381, 507, 528, 529, 559. Its inefficacy against the President, 143, 329. IMPORTATION of slaves, 379, 391, 471, 477, 532,
JMPOST. See REVENUE. Virginia repeals her
law, granting it, 17, 33. Necessity of granting it by the states, 37. Refused by Rhode Island, 11, 13. Congress urges its necessity, 5, 11. Ad- vantage as a mode of taxation, 40, 49, 55. collections under it should be credited, 41 Mode of ascertaining and collecting, 49. Propo- sal to appropriate it to the army first, 51. Pro- posal for specific duties, 51, 63, 66. Proposals as to its duration, 49, 52, 53, 54, 65. Massachusetts accedes to it reluctantly, 72. Proposal to submit it separately to the states, 73. Not attainable under the Confederation, 127. To be laid and collected by Congress, 130, 191, 378, 432, 506, 560. Not to be laid by the states, without the assent of Congress, 131, 381, 486, 547, 561. INCORPORATION, power of Congress in regard to, 440, 543.
INCREASE, of the pay of the President not to be made during his term, 128, 131, 380, 562. Of pay of the judges not to be made during their term, 128, 131, 156, 190, 380, 481, 563. INDEPENDENCE. See DECLARATION. mission to Oswald, recognizing it, 16. it on the separate sovereignty of the states, 213, 286. Of the executive, 141, 142, 143, 148, 153, 165, 326, 334, 342, 361, 473, 508, 509, 516. Of the departments as regards each other, 138, 153, 164, 165, 327, 342, 344, 359, 429, 473, 516, 519, 522. Of the Senate, 170. Of the judiciary, 344, 4:29.
INDIANS, interference with, by Georgia, 119. States will treat with them, 207. Affairs with,
to be regulated by Congress, 439, 462, 506, 560. Not to be included in apportioning representation, 181, 190, 192, 379, 559.
INDICTMENT, persons impeached liable to, 381,
INDIES, WEST, trade with, 19. INELIGIBILITY, of representatives to office, 127, 185, 189, 229, 375, 378, 420, 503, 505, 560. Of senators to office, 127, 187, 190, 247, 271, 375, 378, 420, 503, 505, 560. Of executive a second time, 128, 131, 140, 142, 149, 190, 324, 325, 327, 334, 358, 363, 365, 367, 369, 376, 380, 472, 473, 509, 512, 517. Of electors of President, 343, 515. Of executive officers to other places, 445. INFERIOR COURTS, term, salary, and qualifi- cations of their judges, 128, 380, 563. Their jurisdiction in the first instance, 128, 131, 188, 190, 376, 380, 481, 563. May be constituted by Congress, 128, 130, 131, 155, 159, 190, 205, 331, 376, 378, 380, 436, 561. Objected to, 155, 158. INFORMATION of the President to Congress, 131, 380.
INGERSOLL, JARED, attends the Federal Con- vention, 124. Remarks on the mode of signing the Constitution, 558. Signs the Constitution,
INHABITANTS, discussed as a rule of contribu- tion under the Confederation, 24, 48, 79, 81, 82. To be reported by states to Congress, to form basis of taxation, 46, 64, 79. Number of, should form rule of representation in the legislature, 127, 129, 130, 134, 149, 178, 190, 278, 290, 216, 376, 379. To be ascertained by Congress from time to time, 130, 279, 288, 294, 301, 302, 306, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559 Number of free and three fifths of slaves to form ratio of representation, 181, 288, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. Number required for a representative, 274, 278, 288, 377, 555, 559. Slaves to be included in the apportionment of representation, 288, 290, 295, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. President to be, of the United States, 462, 507, 521, 562. Member of Congress to pe, of his state, 210, 377, 389, 401, 559. INSTALMENTS, laws of states relative to, during the Confederation, 120. INSTITUTIONS, power of Congress in regard to scientific, 440.
INSURRECTION, in Massachusetts, 94 99, 119, 127. National government should guaranty
states against, 108, 120. Congress may subdue, 130, 132, 332, 378, 379, 437, 467, 497, 535, 561. To be guarded against by the Constitution, 209, 333, 381, 564.
INTERCEPTED LETTER of Marbois, 16. .INTEREST on the public debt to be provided for, 39, 83, 462. Amount of, in 1783, 39. INTERFERENCE of Congress with the police of the states, 320, 462.
INVASION, to be guarded against, 126, 127, 333, 379, 381, 467, 497, 561, 564. Habeas corpus may be suspended during, 131, 484, 561. States may defend themselves against, 131.
IZARD, RALPH, represents South Carolina in Congress, 1. Advocates a reduction of salaries of the ministers, 5. Against disbanding army, 90. Remarks on the conduct of the executive of Pennsylvania, relative to the mutinous conduct of the troops, 92, 93.
JACKSON, WILLIAM, elected secretary of the Convention, 124.
JAY, JOHN, spoken of as secretary of foreign affairs, 9. Sends an intercepted letter of Mar- bois, 16, 17. Distrusts the French ministers, 16, 17, 18, 65. His conduct towards France during the negotiations discussed, 65, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74. Amount borrowed by, in Spain, 82. Reports on the operation of treaties on the states of the Con- federation, 98. Negotiations with Gardoqui as secretary of foreign affairs, 102, 103. Approves of the Federal Constitution, 570. Forged letter in regard to, 570.
JEALOUSY of the states towards each other, 127. JEFFERSON, THOMAS; Mr. Madison writes to him on public affairs, 107, 568. Appointed min- ister to negotiate peace, 4. Spoken of as secre- tary of foreign affairs, 9, 91. His departure suspended by Congress, 50. Proposal to send him to Madrid, relative to the Mississippi, 102, 103. Receives from Mr. Madison his plan of a national government, 120. His opinions on the Federal Constitution, 573.
JENIFER, DANIEL OF ST. THOMAS, attends the Federal Convention, 144. Proposes triennial elections of representatives, 183. In favor of inelegibility of representatives to office, 232. Desires a provision for regulating trade between the states, 503. Signs the Constitution, 565. JOHNSON, DR. WILLIAM S., attends the Fed- eral Convention, 144. Does not wish the sov- ereignty of the states to be destroyed by the Constitution, 220, 240. Advocates a representa- tion of the states in one branch, and the people in the other, 255. Thinks population the true rule of wealth and of representation, and that blacks as well as whites should be considered in it, 303. Thinks there can be no treason against an individual state, 448, 449. Thinks a prohibition as to attainders and ex post facto laws unnecessary, 463. Objects to the provision for the ratification of treaties by law, 470. Thinks controversies between the states should be left to the judiciary, 471. Considers the debts of the Confederation equally binding under the Constitution, 476. Proposes that the judiciary shall embrace cases in equity, 481. Desires to exclude Vermont from the proposed conditions in regard to the admission of new states, 495. Views on the provision for giving effect to legis- lative and judicial proceedings of the states, 504. Signs the Constitution, 564.
130, 378, 407, 408, 560. To be published except on secret occasions, 130, 378, 407, 409, 560. Dis- sent of senators to be entered on it, 407. JUDGES, to be appointed by the legislature, 128, 155, 188, 376, 380. Their tenure during good behavior, 128, 131, 192, 205, 330, 376, 380, 481, 563. Their salaries, 128, 131, 156, 192, 330, 376, 380, 482, 563. The increase or diminution of their salary, 128, 156, 192, 330, 376, 379, 482. To be appointed by the Senate, 131, 156, 190, 328, 348, 376, 379, 467, 469. Ought not to be appoint- ed by the people, 137. To be appointed by the President, 155, 192, 350. To be appointed by the President and Senate, 205, 328, 348, 507, 524, 562. Not to hold any other office, 192. Property qualification of, 371. To give opinions to the President and Congress, 445. Impeachment of, 447, 462.
JUDGMENT, extent of, in cases of impeachment, 381, 529, 559. Effect of those of one state in another, 488, 504, 563.
JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS, the states to give faith to those of each other, 132, 381, 488, 504,
JUDICIARY, to form one of the supreme powers of the government, 128, 129, 132, 375, 377, 382. To consist of supreme and inferior tribunals, 128, 155, 190, 376, 380, 563. To be constituted by the legislature, 128, 155, 190, 376, 378, 380, 436, 561. To be appointed by the President, 155, 192, 328, 350. To be appointed by the Senate, 131, 156, 190, 328, 348, 376, 469. To be nominated by the Senate, subject to the approval of the President, 350. To be appointed by the President and Senate, 205, 328, 330, 348, 507, 524, 562. Tenure of their offices during good behavior, 128, 131, 190, 192, 330, 369, 376, 380, 481, 563. Their compensation, 128, 131, 156, 190, 192, 330, 376, 380, 482, 563. The increase or diminution of their compensation, 128, 156, 190, 192, 336, 376, 380, 482, 563. The supreme tribunal to hear cases in the dernier resort, 128, 205, 380. Its jurisdiction, 128, 187, 188, 190, 192, 332, 376, 380, 482, 563. To embrace courts of admiralty, 131, 380, 563. Ought to be limited to cases brought by appeal from state courts, 159. To possess only appellate jurisdiction from the state courts, 192. To embrace courts of equity, 131, 481, 563. To extend to controversies between the states, 471, 482, 561. To constitute, with the executive, a council of revision, 123, 151, 155, 164, 344, 428. Objections to its having a right to revise legisla tive acts, 165. How far it should possess legis- lative functions, 347. The danger of allowing them to declare the laws void, 429. Inferior tribunals may be constituted by Congress, 130, 131, 159, 190, 331, 376, 378, 380, 561. To be bound by acts of Congress and treaties, 131, 322, 379, 483. Ought not to be chosen immediately by the people, 137. Objections to the nation- al judiciary, 155, 158. Protection of it against encroachment of the other branches, 344. Property qualification of, 371, 403. That of the states to adjudge on offences under the Constitu- tion, 192, 331.
JUNCTION, of two or more states to be provided for, 128, 157, 182, 190, 381, 496. JURISDICTION, of judiciary, 128, 187, 188, 192, 205, 331, 376, 380, 446, 462, 481, 483, 484, 535, 563. Of the Supreme Court, 131, 376, 380, 563. That of the national judiciary to be merely ap- pellate from the state courts, 192. Of Congress in arsenals, dock-yards, and fortifications, 130, 511, 561. Of Congress, at the seat of govern- ment, 130, 374, 511, 561. Controversies about, between the states, 131, 379. Over controversies between the states, 131, 379, 471, 482, 561. Over controversies in regard to territory and public lands, 471, 493, 497. Of the state courts to ex- tend to cases under the Constitution, 192.
JONES, WALTER, appointed a delegate to the JURY, cases to be tried by, 381, 484, 550, 563.
Convention at Annapolis, 113.
JOURNAL, to be kept by both Houses of Congress,
JUSTICE, (see CHIEF JUSTICE,) fugitives from, 381, 487, 563.
KENTUCKY, its admission as a state, 356. Re- LABOR, fugitives from, to be delivered up, 487, marks of Gardoqui in relation to, 97, 100.
KING, RUFUS, remarks on the insurrection in Massachusetts, 94, 99. Views of the operation of treaties on the states under the Confederation, 99. Views as to salaries, 99. Remarks on the settlement of public accounts, 99. Remarks on the negotiations with Spain, 101, 102, 103. Discusses the vote of the states required to sus- pend the use of the Mississippi, 103. A delegate to the Federal Convention from Massachusetts, 106. Attends the Federal Convention, 123. Objects to the yeas and nays, 124. Remarks on the nature of state sovereignty, under the Con- stitution, 212. Wishes the state governments preserved, but made subordinate, 269. His great anxiety for an harmonious adoption of a Con- stitution, 266, Views on the compromise be- tween the large and small states, 514. Views as to an election of President, 336, 362, 515. Views as to reeligibility and tenure of the President, 336, 342. Is opposed to the impeachment of the President by the legislature, 341. Objects to an executive council, 523. Contends for a propor- tionate representation in the Senate, 138, 266, 312. Objects to contribution being the sole rule of representation, 134, 178. Opposes the rep- resentation being fixed by the Constitution, 280. Admits that slaves should be considered in ap- portioning representation as well as taxation, 290. Thinks the question, as to representation, is more between the Northern and Southern than the small and large states, 290. Does not like numbers alone to be the rule of representation, especially if the blacks are included, 300, 304. Opposes the rule of representation being absolute- ly fixed by the Constitution, 304. Thinks ex- ports should be taxed, if slaves are represented, 392. Opposes the exclusive right of the House in regard to money bills, 188. Objects to an election of representatives by the state legislatures, 224. Objects to the payment of the representatives by the states, 227. Views as to the ineligibility of members of Congress, 229, 231, 505, 506. Ob- jects to a landed qualification for members of Congress, 371. Does not think annual meetings of Congress will be necessary, 383. Thinks Congress should have the right to alter the state regulations, relative to members of Congress, 402. Prefers allowing a quorum in Congress to be fixed by law, 405, 406. Thinks the states should not tax exports without the assent of Congress, 486. Thinks the states should not be prevented from encouraging their manufactures, 487. Objects to union of judiciary with the executive in revising the laws, 151, 165. Favors the establishment of inferior national tribunals, 115. Views in regard to punishment of treason, 449, 450, 549. Proposes a prohibition on the states, in regard to laws affecting contracts, 485. Views as to treaties, 524, 526. Remarks on the provision in regard to the militia, 464. Desires a permanent seat of government, 409. Remarks on the assumption of the state debts, 441. Ob- jects to an exemption of slaves from duty, 460, 478. His remarks on slavery, 391. Proposes the assent of the states to purchases of places therein, 511. Thinks a power in Congress to create cor- porations unnecessary, 544. Views on the mode of ratification of the Constitution, 158, 355, 499, 500. Prefers to submit the Constitution to the Congress of the Confederation, but not to require their assent to it, 533, 540. Signs the Constitution, 564. Course in the Convention of Massachusetts, called to ratify the Constitution, 572.
KNOWLTON, LUKE, charged with intrigues with British about Vermont, 7, 8. His arrest directed by Congress, 8, 31.
LAFAYETTE, promotes exchange of Cornwallis for Col. H. Laurens, 6. Sends news of peace, 74.
LAND, tax upon, discussed, 34, 37, 40, 67.
of valuation discussed in Congress, 21, 24, 43, 45, 77, 78. Qualification in, proposed for mem- hers of Congress, 370. Qualifications in, pro- posed for electors of representatives, 385. LANDS, PUBLIC, the influence of the question of ceding the public lands on the politics of the Confederation, 111. Proposal to derive a revenue from them, 39, 59, 63. Proposal to adopt a sys- tem in regard to, 83. Proposal to give army cer- tificates for, 90. Discussion on the cession of them renewed, 87, 91, 92. Power of Congress in regard to, under the Constitution, 439, 441, 493, 496.
LANGDON, JOHN, attends the Federal Conven- tion, 351. Thinks the ballot in Congress for the President should be joint, 472. Thinks mem- bers of Congress should be paid out of the national treasury, 425. Objects to a constitu- tional provision, requiring a property qualification for members of Congress, 373. Objects to the seat of government being at any state capital, 374. Opposes the power in Congress to emit bills of credit, 435. Approves of the power vested in Congress, to subdne rebellions, 438. Does not distrust Congress on the subject of standing armies, 443. Does not distrust Congress on the subject of the militia, 444, 465. Objects to tax- ation being proportioned to representation before a census, 451, 453. Wishes the states prohibited from taxing exports, 454. Thinks Congress should have the right to tax slaves, 460, 478. Approves of a negative in Congress on state laws, 469. Views as to regulating commerce between the states, 503, 548. Views as to im- posing conditions when admitting new states, 492, 493. Signs the Constitution, 564. LANSING, JOHN, attends the Federal Conven- tion, 106, 144. Opposes going into a committee of the whole, 191. Objects to the propositions of Mr. Randolph, as amended and adopted, 193. Thinks the Convention limited to the amend- ment of the Confederation, 193, 214. Proposes that the power of legislation be vested in the Congress, 214. Opposes the negative of Con- gress on the state laws, 215. Proposes an equal vote of the states in the House of Representa- tives, 249. Wishes some plan for compromise on the question of representation, 273. LAWS. See ACTS.
LAW OF NATIONS, not sufficiently protected under the Confederation, 127. Congress to legis- late on offences against, 130, 378, 561. LAURENS, HENRY, notifies his intention to return, 1.
LEE, ARTHUR, opposition to Robert Morris, 62, 80. States his objections to a general system of tax- ation, 34, 38, 56. Suggests that a general rev- enue system should be framed by the states, 38. Views on a system of permanent revenue, 41, 42. Communicates a letter, relative to an over- ture from Canada, 45. Remarks on the export of tobacco by authority of Congress, 48. views on a mode of valuation of lands, 48. Urges a limitation of the impost, 49. Proposes to take, by military force, goods seized while under passport, 50. Proposes to appropriate the impost to pay the army first, 52, 53. Remarks on the original and subsequent holders of loan certificates, 54. Proposes measures against the refugees, 58. Opposes an abatement in the proportion of certain states, 58. Remarks on the conduct of the commissioners at Paris, 69,
73, 74, 75. Remarks on the proportion of free- men to slaves in fixing the contributions of the states, 79. Calls for a report from the superin- tendent of finance, 80. Advocates a suspension of hostilities, 80. Proposes an indemnity to the officers of the army, 88. Proposes a statue of Gen. Washington, 88.
LEE, RICHARD H., views in regard to the Fed- eral Constitution, 118, 566, 568, 570. LEE, WILLIAM, sends proposal of Austria for commercial treaty, 52. LEGISLATURE. TUTION; STATES. LETTERS, written by Mr. Madison prior to the Convention of 1787, 106 to 108. Written after the adjournment of the Federal Convention, 566
See CONGRESS OF THE CONSTI-
LEVYING WAR, evidence of, in cases of treason, 130, 379, 448, 563.
LIGHTHOUSES, states to levy duties to erect them, 548.
LIMITATION, relative to the continuance of the revenue laws, 462. On the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, 484, 561.
LINCOLN, GEN., course in Convention of Massa- chusetts to ratify Federal Constitution, 572. LIPPENCOT, Congress discuss the matter of, 2. His punishment demanded by Congress, 3. LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R., his wish to resign as secretary of foreign affairs, 9, 90. Agrees to continue, 9, 16. Disapproves the secret article about Florida, 67. Report on Carleton's refusal to suspend hostilities, 80. Prepares a proclama- tion on the cessation of hostilities, 84. Inade- quacy of his salary, 9, 89, 90. LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM, attends the Federal Convention, 155. Reports provisions relative to the public debt and militia, 451. Reports pro- visions relative to slaves, navigation, and capita- tion taxes, 470. Thinks the public creditors should be put in the same state under the Con- stitution as under the Confederation, 476.
OANS, additional one from France, 76, 88. From the Dutch, 11. Congress apply for more from France, 11. Proposal to apply for further, abroad, 22, 23, 26. Propriety of disclosing their amount, 42. State of those with France, 76, 82. Amount of, in 1783, 82. To be made by Congress under the Constitution, 130, 378.
LORDS, HOUSE OF, impossible in America, 148, 235, 237. Considered a noble institution, 203. Senate should be like it, 166. Not a model for the Senate, 188, 235. Its negative on the Com- mons, 263, 416.
LOWELL, Mr., appointed judge of Court of Ap- peals, 11.
LUZERNE, vote of thanks to, 20. Remarks on conduct of American commissioners at Paris towards France, 65, 66, 76. LYCIAN LEAGUE, 264.
M'CLURG, JAMES, attends the Federal Conven- tion, 123. Proposes the executive term to be during good behavior, 325. Desires some spe- cific provision relative to the exercise of execu- tive powers by the President, 344. M'DOUGAL, GEN., a deputy from the army to Congress, 21, 23.
M'HENRY, JAMES, views on terms of cession of public lands by Virginia, 92. Attends the Fed- eral Convention, 124. Remarks on the subter- fuges adopted to avoid the provision in regard to money bills, 420. Proposes to raise taxes by requisitions, 453. Desires a prohibition in regard to attainders and ex post facto laws, 462. Desires
a regulation in regard to trade between the states, 479, 503. Views as to the mode of ratifying the Constitution, 500. Desires a provision for the President to convene the Senate separately, 530. Signs the Constitution, 565.
M'KEAN, THOMAS, represents Delaware in Con- gress, 1. Opposes a separate provision by Penn- sylvania for the public creditors there, 5. Pro- poses a conditional exchange of Cornwallis for Col. H. Laurens, 7. Advocates coercion towards Vermont, F, 12.
MADISON, JAMES, his remarks on the admis- sion of Vermont and the cession of public lands, 85, 92. Votes for Mr. Bland as president of Con- gress, 1. Opposes a partial exchange of prison- ers, 1. Urges more forinality and certainty in the directions of Congress to the executive de- partments, 4. Opposes a reduction of the salaries of ministers plenipotentiary, 5. Advocates an exchange of Cornwallis for Col. H. Laurens, 6. Proposes a plan for adjusting the allowances to the states that redeem paper money beyond their quotas, 8. Resolution of, relative to Paul Jones,
His views on the right of Congress to use His coercive measures towards Vermont, 12. views on fixing a rate of depreciation of paper money, 14. His views on reciprocity in the treaty between British and Americans in each country, 19. Endeavors to obtain stipulations for a reciprocal trade with Britain and the West Indies, 19. Opposes an alteration by Congress in regard to the Convention about consuls with France, 20. Views on a valuation of lands as the basis of taxation, 21, 25, 43, 46, 47, 51. Op- poses distrust towards France, 22, 23. Urges an application to France for further loans, 23. Sug- gests funding the debt to army, 23. Appointed to confer with the superintendent of finance on a plan for settling the arrears of the army, 24. Intimates that Congress should not solicit Mr. Morris to continue in office, 29. Urges the estab- lishment of general revenue system, 34, 35, 39. Suggests the establishment by Congress of an impost on trade, and qualified poll and land tax, 38. Urges the question of a valuation of land being considered with that of general revenue, Advocates a commutation of half pay, 45. Considers an impost the only practicable tax, 55, 56. Explains the powers of Congress under the Confederation, 55. His plan for abating the pro- portions of certain states funding their expenses, and establishing a system of public lands, 59, 60, 77, 78. Remarks on the conduct of the Ameri- can commissioners at Paris, 71, 74. Remarks on the proportion of freemen to slaves in fixing the contributions of states, 79. Desires information in regard to the department of finance, 80, 91. Disapproves of a proposed convention of the Eastern States, 81. On the committee to organ- ize a peace establishment, 82. Endeavors to reduce the apportionment of Georgia, 82. Op. poses a premature system in regard to the public lands, 83. Recommends circumspection in re- gard to commercial treaties, 85. Opposes a hasty ratification of provisional articles, 85. Proposes a commission to adjust the debts of the states, 86. Draws the address to states, 88. Urges a provision for Canadian refugees, 89. Becomes a member of the House of Delegates of Virginia, 112. Appointed a delegate to the convention at Annapolis, 113, 114. Draws act of Virginia ap- pointing delegates to the Federal Convention, 117. Remarks on the insurrection in Massa- chusetts, and on raising troops by Congress, 95. Remarks in Congress on the plan of the Federal Convention, 96. Remarks on the operation of treaties on the states, 99. Communicates to Mr. Randolph his view of a new Federal Constitu- tion, 107, 121. Sentiments on the effect of the American revolution in Europe, 575. Remarks on ancient confederacies, 109. Remarks on the colonies before the revolution, 110. His wish to remedy the evils of the Confederation, 113. Pre- pares to take reports of debates in the Federal Convention, 121. Attends the Federal Conven-
tion, 123. Thinks the powers of the national government should not be too much limited, 161, 251. Wishes to protect the minority from op- pression by the majority, 162. His geheral views of a national as compared with a federal govern- ment, 206, 256. His objections to Mr. Patterson's plan, 206. Effect of a breach of compact by a member of the Confederacy, 206, 356. Remarks
on the violations of the Articles of Confederation by the states, 207. His views of the defects of the Confederation, 207. Remarks on the effect of a mere confederacy on the small states, 210. Remarks on the scheme for equalizing the states, 211. Remarks on the danger of encroachments by the states and national government on each other, 221, 250, 257. His general views as to the ends to be sought in forming a Constitution, 242, 250. Fears more from the power of the states than of the general government, 257. Opposes a committee to prepare plan of compromise be- tween the large and small states, relative to rep- resentation, 273, 275. His course towards the small states complained of, 278. Objects to dis- tinctions between the new and old states, 299, 492. Urges the importance of preserving the mutual independence of the great departments of the government, 345, 347. Thinks the pre- ponderance of the legislature is chiefly to be guarded against, 345, 347. His views on the general power of the President, 141, 164. Op- poses removal of the President by Congress, on application of the states, 148. Opposes an abso- lute negative in the executive, 152, 164. Wishes judiciary united with the executive to revise the laws, 164, 344, 346, 428, 431, 537. Urges the ne- cessity of making the executive and legislature independent of each other, 326. Views on the impeachment of the President, 341, 528, 529, 542. Views on the election of President, 337, 363, 364, 365, 508, 513, 514, 515, 519, 521. Thinks the bal- lot in Congress for a President should be joint, 472. Desires a provision to prevent the Presi- dent from appointing to offices not previously created by law, 474. Suggests the exercise by a council of the executive powers during a va- cancy, 480. Objects to an equal suffrage being allowed to all the states, 135, 250, 265. Thinks Senate and judiciary should not be chosen im- mediately by the people, 137. Opposes a division of the Union into senatorial districts, 138. Thinks judiciary should be appointed by the Senate, 156, 188. Advocates a small Senate, 167. Advocates a proportional representation in the Senate, 167, 265, 267, 275, 313. Objects to an election of sena- tors by the state legislatures, 169. Suggests a negative on state laws being given to the Senate, 173. Advocates seven years as the senatorial term, 186. Does not object to nine years for the senatorial term, 243. Desires to give firmness and stability to the Senate, 187. Objects to the payment of the senators by the states, 246. Ad- vocates ineligibility of senators to national offices for one year after their term, 247. Objects to an equality of suffrage in the Senate, 265, 275. Ap- proves of voting in the Senate per capita, 312. Wishes the provision for supplying vacancies in the Senate made more distinct, 395. Urges some other rule of representation than contribution alone, 134. Urges an equitable ratio of represen- tation, but different from that of the Confedera- tion, 134, 270. Urges that slaves should be considered in apportioning representation, 289. Considers the number of inhabitants the best rule of representation, and, in general, the best criterion of property, 299. Thinks the opposing interests of the Convention are those of the northern and southern, rather than the large and small states, 306. Thinks the rule fixing a rep- resentative for every forty thousand inhabitants should not be made perpetual, 392. Urges a re- duction of the ratio of representation in the House, 530. Urges the election of the represent- atives by the people, 137. Advocates triennial election of representatives, 183, 225. In favor of fixing the compensation of the representatives,
184, 227, 426. Objects to the payment of the representatives by the states, 227. Desires to limit the inelegibility of representatives to offices established or augmented during their term, 20, 231. Objects to a landed qualification for mem- bers of Congress, 371. Objects to fixing the time for the meeting of Congress, 383, 384. Opposes a freehold qualification for electors of representa- tives, 387. Prefers the term "inhabitant," in- stead of "resident," as a qualification for repre- sentatives, 389, 390. Ohjects to a very long term of citizenship being required for members of Congress, 398, 411, 413. Objects to the legisla- ture being allowed to fix the qualifications, pay, or privileges, of its members, 404, 510. Proposes a provision to compel the attendance of members of Congress, 406. Objects to the expulsion of a member of Congress by less than two thirds, 407. Doubts whether there can be a specific enumera- tion of the powers of Congress, 139. Doubts the propriety of using force against a state, 141, 171. Advocates a negative of Congress on the state laws, 171, 173, 251, 321, 539. Opposes exclusive right of House in regard to money bills, 188. Does not consider the origination of money bills by the House as important, 274. Objects to the exclusive power of the representatives over money bills, 394, 396, 417. His remarks on the negative of each House on the other, 382. Views on the prohibition of a tax on exports, 432, 455, 456. Thinks it better to prohibit bills of credit as a legal tender, than their emission by Congress, 434. Wishes to cut off all pretext of a paper currency, 435. Thinks that Congress should de- fine the offences which it is authorized to punish, 437. Proposes to vest Congress with power in regard to the public lands, territories, Indians, a seat of government, incorporations, copyrights, patents, a university, and arsenals, 439, 440, 543, 544. Thinks Congress should have the regula- tion of the militia, 444, 464, 465, 466. His views on the definition and punishment of treason, 447, 448, 549. Desires a provision for the debts and engagements of the Confederation, 463. Views on the provisions in regard to slaves, 477, 478 Views on a prohibition of the states in regard to laws affecting contracts, 485. Urges a prohibi- tion on the states to lay embargoes or taxes on imports or exports, 485, 486. Desires a provision to give effect to the judgments of one state in another, 488, 504. Views as to a navigation act, 490. Thinks that no provision should be made to affect the claims of the United States and the individual states in regard to territory and the public lands, 496. Views on the regulation of commerce between the states, 502, 548. Advo- cates inferior national tribunals, 159. Opposes either diminution or increase in the compensa- tion of the judges during their term, 330, 482. Prefers the appointment of the judges by the President, with the assent of the Senate, 349. Thinks the jurisdiction of the judiciary should be limited to cases of a judicial nature, and not extend to all arising under the Constitution, 483. His views on the mode of making and ratifying treaties, 469, 470, 524, 527. Wishes a permanent seat of government, 409. Views as to the mode of amending the Constitution, 531, 551. Views on the mode of ratifying the Constitution, 498, 499, 500. Prefers a ratification of the Constitu- tion by conventions, instead of the legislatures of the states, 355. Urges ratification of the Constitution by conventions of the people, 157. Signs the Constitution, 565. MAJORITY, a quorum of each House, 130, 378, 405, 432, 559. Tendencies of, to oppress the minority, 162. Of the people should prevail under the general government, 262. MALPRACTICE, by the President, 149, 190, 339, 370, 376, 528. By the heads of departments, 446.
MANUFACTURES, superintendence of, 446. En couragement of, 486.
MARBOIS, BARBÉ, 38. His intercepted letter,
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