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MONTHLY OBSERVATIONS.

[1821.

creature becoming torpid, to pass through this state without loss of life, is, that this sluggish circulation should still be adequate to furnish irritability sufficient for vitality to act upon.

Natural Occurrences in December. N this month, the kingdoms of nature re usually considered as presenting o our view a blank; the gloom of vhich can only be relieved by the anicipation of better days. But if we nore narrowly investigate the subject, we shall find as much to excite curiosity, and raise admiration, as in the more cheerful seasons of spring and summer. Ourmisapprehension springs from fixing our eyes on wrong objects, or not rightly viewing right ones. The providence of the Deity has fixed the residence of various animals in countries where the variation of the seasons is so great, that while there is abundance of food and warmth at one period, but little of these necessaries are to be found at another; and the man-heat, answers the same purpose. ner in which creatures, thus circumstanced, are enabled to survive these deprivations is worthy of notice. Even in the human body an effect of extreme cold is to induce a state of torpor; and those who perish from this cause, if not conveyed to a warm place, are found to die with the least suffering imaginable.

Another circumstance necessary to the safety of life, seems to be, that the body should be protected from the open air, to which, if it were exposed, the degree of cold might be so great as to exhaust the whole remaining warmth; or the alterations of temperature might cause such irregularity of action in the vessels as their small degree of power would not enable them to support. Uniform protection from cold seems, therefore, necessary to torpid animals; and they seek it under ground, where they lie wrapped up in hay or grass collected in summer; and sometimes beneath the snow itself, which, being a non-conductor of

A similar effect, but not ending in such a tragical result, is produced from the same cause in many creatures which have constitutions not capable of resisting its violence. The irritability of the heart and arteries not being operated on, through the abstraction of the usual stimulus of heat, a slower degree of the circulation of the blood is the result; hence follows a more languid action of the bodily organs; and in consequence the waste of vital energy is so little, that the creature consumes not more life in a month at this season, than in a summer's day. If the pulse beats but three or four times in a minute, instead of sixty times, every other function acts, and consequently wears, in the same proportion; and the only circumstance necessary to enable a No. 34.-VOL. III.

The bat seeks some solitary cavern or crevice, where, suspended by its hinder legs, it continues wrapped about by its leathern wings. No creature appears capable of living in a state of torpidity, and of surviving it, whose life cannot be retained with a circulation from twenty to thirty times slower at one time than at another. Those which have not a sufficient supply of the irritable principle with so great a diminution of arterial action, may, indeed become torpid; but the torpidity will invariably end in death. Animals which assume this state in one country, know nothing of it in another; and except reptiles, the greater part of British animals may rather be said to doze than become torpid: a mild day revives them; and the dormouse and squirrel then visit their hoard of nuts, and the bat flies abroad in pursuit of insects. Animals awake in a temperature considerably lower than that in which they passed into the torpid state; the reason of which seems to be, that during the time of inaction, the irritability not being carried off as it is produced, is accumulated; and the vessels become thereby 3 Y

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Poetry of Mr. Leigh Hunt.

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so much more liable to be affected by OUR METROPOLITAN SCHOOL OF POETS. the application of stimuli.

A similar effect is seen in vegetables. Having suffered a diminution No. 1.---The Poetry of Mr. Leigh Hunt.

In mild seasons, a few spring flowers are seen; and black hellebore, helleborus niger, has been called Christmas rose, because it sometimes flowers in this month.

(Concluded from col. 976.)

But having now discharged the most

of their irritability by the summer's process of flowering and fruiting, the decrease of the usual stimulus of heat causes them to sink into a state of in-unpleasing part of our critical duty, in action. Winter, by inducing this ef- pointing out the blemishes of our aufect, is as necessary in the economy thor, we approach the more delightful of nature, as summer itself. During one of doing justice to his merits. its dominion, irritability is again ac- "Audi alteram partem" is an obsercumulated, and with a warmer sun vation no less applicable to criticism the vegetable awakes to life with rethan to law. Though Mr. H. cannot novated vigour. be allowed a very high place in comparison with many of his greatest contemporaries, he must still be allowed to possess no small share of positive excellence, and this of a very original stamp. There is a liveliness and clearness of thought and expression in his whole manner, which cannot be easily mistaken. This is no less manifested in his poetic than in his prose composition, and is what entitles him to the character of a remarkable, if not of an able, writer. As an editor of periodical papers, either in politics or literature, whether Examiners or Indicators, he is distinguished for a degree of ability and information in conducting them, not only highly respectable, but which we have seldom seen surpassed. The "Indicator” embraces a range of literary subjects, equally amusing and original, and occasionally treated in a very happy manner. On the " "Examiner," and the more tender ground of politics, we do not choose to touch, further than to remark, that Mr. L. H.'s own hand is easily discernible in it, from its peculiar characteristics of shrewdness and of force, of flippaney and of singularity.

The sketch, and it is a mere sketch which has been attempted, of natural occurrences in the ever varying seasons, will afford a glimpse of the Deity, who has created these things for the purpose of helping us in our endeavours to understand his nature; and the more we understand, the more intensely we shall exclaim-Oh, the depth of the riches, both of the wisdom and knowledge of God!---Certe Deus carmine dignus est.

Utinam modo dicere possem
Carmine digna Dei !
"Hark my soul, how every thing
Strives to serve our bounteous King;
Each a double tribute pays,
Sings its part and then obeys.
Nature's chief and sweetest choir,
'Him with cheerful note admire,
Chaunting every day their lauds,
While the grove their song applauds.
Though their voices lower be,
Streams have too their melody;
Night and day they warbling run,
Never pause, but still sing on.
All the flowers that gild the spring
Hither their still music bring;
If heav'n bless them, thankful they
Swell more sweet, and look more gay.
Only we can scarce afford
This short office to our Lord;
We, on whom his bounty flows,
Always gives, and never owes.
Wake, for shame, my sluggish heart!
Wake, and gladly sing thy part;
Learn of birds and springs and flowers
How to use thy nobler powers.
Call all nature to thy aid,
Since 'twas he all nature made;
Join in one eternal song,
Who to Deity belong.
Live for ever, glorious Lord!
Live, by all thy works ador'd:
One in three and three in one,
Thrice we bow to thee alone."
Polperro.

JONATHAN COUCH.

His earlier poems are still more original than his later productions, with less correctness and cultivation, and a stronger tincture of quaintness and familiarity. These qualities, with an air of youthful vigour and freshness of character, are strikingly manifested in the poems entitled "Foliage," in his "Hero and Leander," and several other of his minor pieces. Of this originality and liveliness of genius, we shall subjoin a few specimens, which may not be wholly uninteresting to our readers. The description of our poet's favourite village retreat, is at once characteristic of the beauty and singularity of his manner. It is

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Poetry of Mr. Leigh Hunt.

in the height of Mr. H.'s natural description, but has something too much like a bird's-eye view of the scenery he delineates

SONNET. DESCRIPTION OF HAMPSTEAD.

"A steeple issuing from a leafy rise,
With farmy fields in front, and sloping green,
Dear Hampstead, is thy southern face serene,
Silently smiling on approaching eyes
Within, thine over-shifting looks surprise,
Streets, hills, and dells, trees overhead now

seen,

Now down below with smoking roofs between,
A village revelling in varieties.
Then northward, what a range! with heath
and pond,

Nature's own ground; woods that let mansions
through,

And cottaged vales with pillowy fields beyond, And clump of dark'ning pines, and prospects blue,

And that clear path thro' all, where daily meet Cool cheeks and brilliant eyes, and morn elastic feet."

There is much affectionate feeling, mingled with a tinge of affectation, in the following tender lines to his little boy :

TO T. L. H. SIX YEARS OLD, DURING A SICK-
NESS.

" Sleep breathes at last from out thee,
My little patient boy;

And balmy rest about thee

Smooths off the day's annoy.

I sit me down and think

Of all thy winning ways;

Yet almost wish with sudden shrink
That I had less to praise.

Thy sidelong pillow'd meekness,
Thy thanks to all that aid,
Thy heart in pain and weakness,
Ŏf fancied faults afraid;

The little tender hand

That wipes thy quiet tears,

These, these are things that may demand
Dread memories for years.

Sorrows I've had, severe ones,
I will not think of now;
And calmly midst my dear ones,
Have wasted with dry brow;
But when thy fingers press
And pat my stooping head,
I cannot bear the gentleness,
The tears are in their bed.
Ah! first-born of thy mother,
When life and hope were new,
Kind playmate of thy brother,
Thy sister-father too ;-
My light where'er I go,

My bird when prison-bound,
My hand-in-hand companion;-no,
My prayers shall hold thee round."
But we cannot afford to give the
whole, or one that follows, much more
lively and singular, to his other little
boy. The spirit of it is, indeed

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"Full of little loves for ours, Full of songs and full of flowers;" but we have promised to cull from the poet's "Foliage," a few only of the brightest and the greenest leaves, forming a fresh and glowing wreath for the poet's brow. We have pretty stoutly insisted on his faults, and we now take the more pleasure in exhibiting his merits.

We were much struck with some lines in a tribute to the memory of the late Princess Charlotte. It is entitled "His Departed Love, to Prince Leopold." (set to music by Vincent Novello.)

The Princess is supposed to address her beloved Consort:

"I know, dear love, thou canst not see
The face that looks on thine,
Thou can'st not touch or come to me,

But all this pow'r is mine;
And I can touch that bosom still
And now I do so by that thrill."
The night I past thee from my clay,
And kiss'd thy brow's despair,
I met upon my moonlight way
A hundred spirits fair,

A hundred brides, who all like me
Died in that first sweet agony.

And we inhabit wondrous bow'rs,
Which, though they cannot fade,
Have sympathy with the sweet pow'rs
Of those our smiles obey'd;

For as on earth ye spread delight,

The leaves are thick and flow'rs grow bright.

Then turn thee to thy wonted will,
Dry thine and others tears;
And we will build our palace still,

With tops above the spheres;
And when thou too art fancied dead,
There, there shall be our bridal bed."

Such lines are expressive of much feeling, and no little poetic power, while there is less of Mr. H.'s peculiarities observable than usual. But it is not in the descriptive or pathetic only that he excels, he can occasionally strike a bolder chord, which vibrates on some of the strongest feelings of our nature. His natural style of expression is also well adapted to give clear and forcible versions of some of the great poets of antiquity. Thus in his translations of some very pathetic parts of the great father of poetry, Homer himself, he has succeeded far beyond our expectations. It is really too good to omit. Priam, in anguish for the loss of Hector, and getting ready to go and ransom the body, vents his temper on his subjects and children. We think Mr. H. very power

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Poetry of Mr. Leigh Hunt.

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fully preserves the feeling and spirit | Brave sons in Troy, and now I cannot say
of the original:-Priam speaks.

"Off, with a plague, you scandalous multitude;
Convicted knaves, have you not groans enough
At home, that thus you come oppressing me?
Or am I mocked because Saturnian Jove
Has smitten me, and taken my best boy?-
But ye shall feel yourselves; for ye will be
Much easier for the Greeks to rage among,
Now he is gone; but I, before I see

That time, and Troy laid waste and trampled

on,

Shall have gone down into the darksome house.
So saying, with his stick he drove them off,
And they went out, the old man urged them so,
And he called out in anger to his sons,
To Helemes and Paris, god-like Agathon,
And Pamnon, and Antiphonus, and Polites
Loud in the tumult, and Deiphobus,
Hippothous, and the admirable Dius,
These nine, he gave his orders to in anger :
Be quicker, do, and help me, evil children,
Down-looking set! Would ye had all been

killed,

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But perhaps the following is even superior, both in the subject and execution of it. The poor old king approaches the tent of Achilles to petition for the body of his favourite son, whom he had slain.

"Great Priam came, without their seeing him,
And kneeling down he grasped Achilles' knees,
And kissed those terrible hands, man-slaugh-
tering,

Which had depriv'd him of so many sons.
And as a man who is pressed heavily
For having slain another, flies away
To foreign lands, and comes into the house
Of some great man, and is beheld with wonder;
So did Achilles wonder to see Priam,
And the rest wonder'd, looking at each other,
But Priam, praying to him, spoke these words.

"God-like Achilles, think of thine own father, Who is, as I am, at the weary door

:

Of age and tho' the neighbouring chiefs may
vex him,

And he has none to keep his evils off,
Yet, when he hears that thou art still alive,
He gladdens inwardly, and daily hopes
To see his dear son coming back from Troy.
But I, forbidden creature! I had once

That one is left me. Fifty children had I When the Greeks came; nineteen were of one womb;

The knees of many of these, fierce Mars has loosened;

And he who had no peer, Troy's prop and theirs,

Him hast thou kill'd now, fighting for his
country,

Hector; and for his sake am I come here
To ransom him, bringing a countless ransom.
But thou, Achilles, fear the gods and think
Of thine own father, and have mercy on me;
For I am much more wretched, and have borne
What never mortal bore, I think, on earth,
To lift unto my mouth the hand of him
Who slew my boys.'

He spoke; and there arose
Sharp longing in Achilles for his father;
And taking Priam by the hand, he gently
Put him away; for both shed tears to think
Of other times: the one most bitter one
For Hector, and with wilful wretchedness
Lay right before Achilles; and the other

For his own father now, and now his friend;
And the whole house might hear them as they
moan'd.

But when divine Achilles had refresh'd

His soul with tears, and sharp desire had left
His heart and limbs, he got up from his throne,
And raised the old man by his hand, and took
Pity on his grey head and his grey chin."

To this specimen of Mr. L. H.'s powers as a translator, we must beg leave to add a no less admirable one from the Italian. It is Torquato Tasso's celebrated Ode on the Golden Age, sung by the chorus in the beautiful pastoral drama of the Aminta:

CHORUS.

"O, lovely age of gold!
Not that the rivers roll'd

With milk, or that the woods dropp'd honey

dew;

Not that the ready ground
Produc'd without a wound

Or the mild serpent had no teeth that slew;
Not that a cloudless blue
For ever was in sight,

Or that the heav'n which burns,
And now is cold by turns,
Look'd out in glad and everlasting light:
No, nor that even the insolent ships from far
Brought war to no new land, and riches worse
than war;

But solely that that vain

And breath-invented pain,
That idol of mistakes, that worshipp'd cheat,
That honour, since so call'd,

By vulgar minds appall'd,
Play'd not the tyrant with our nature yet.
It had not come to fret
The sweet and happy fold
Of gentle human kind;

Nor did its hard law bind

Souls nurs'd in freedom; but that law of gold,
That glad and golden law, all free and fitted,
Which nature's own hand wrote,-what pleases

is permitted.

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Answer to a Query on the Division of the Earth.

Then among streams and flowers
The little winged powers

Went singing carols without torch or bow:
The nymphs and shepherds sat
Mingling with innocent chat

[low

Sports and low whispers; and with whispers
Kisses that would not go.

Our sorrows and our pains,
These are thy noble gains!

But oh! thou love's and nature's masterer,
Thou conqueror of the crown'd,
What dost thou on this ground,
Too small a circle for thy mighty sphere ?
Go, and make slumber dear
To the renown'd and high;
We here, a lowly race,
Can live without thy grace
After the use of mild antiquity:

Go, let us love; since years

No trace allow, and life soon disappears, &c.

But we must here interrupt our visions of the "golden prime," and take our leave of the poetry of Mr. H. to pursue more serious duties, and fulfil the higher and more useful objects of our work. Though moral and religious views, and the promotion of "peace and good will to man," with christian knowledge and humility, be the chief aim of our uniform and unre

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sical Journal," will not, perhaps, be
unacceptable or uninteresting to your
numerous readers.

I am, your's, respectfully,
AIZEOS.

125, Oxford-Street, London.

PELEG means to divide, therefore it is said, in his days the earth was divided. Some have thought that this has relation to the earth; that originally it was in one compact mass, and that at this period of the world it was divided by an earthquake as it is now; but a supposition of this nature cannot be admitted, because it leaves us to conclude that the Divine Being could not foresee what should happen, and therefore, that when the time came, he found it necessary to make this division.-But leaving such suppositions to those who can be satisfied with them, I shall give what I conceive to be a more rational account of this transaction, more consistent with the understanding of the original writer of the sacred scriptures, which treat only concerning things appertaining to religion, and the future state

of man.

By the earth, in scripture language, is frequently meant the inhabitants, Gen. vi. 11. The earth also was corrupt.

mitting efforts, we are occasionally glad to season our instruction with the glad voice and the fresh and invigorating spirit of the muse. In accomplishing this, however, we shall endeavour to bring before our readers-ch. xi. i. And the whole earth was of only such of our distinguished poets, whose works are equally celebrated for taste and genius, as for the purer qualities and more ennobling princi-ye lands.-Deut. xxxii. 1. Hear, O ples of humanity, morals, and religion.

R. T.

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one language.—ch. xix. 31. After the manner of all the earth.- Psalm c. Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all

earth, the words of my mouth.-1st Kings x. 24. And all the earth sought Solomon.-Therefore it is more consistent with enlightened reason, and we have the authority of scripture to conclude, that some other division Now, as it appears that these names was meant by the sacred writer.descendants, to signify the states of were given by the patriarchs to their these patriarchal churches, it is also

as certain that at this time there was a division made among them, for a singular change took place in the first order of patriarchs, from Adam to Enoch, who are said to have lived 800 years after the birth of their suc

cessors. Thus:

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