History of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon in 1815 to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in 1852, Volum 7

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W. Blackwood, 1858

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Real explanation of his conduct
10
His views on the Currency
12
Explanation thus afforded of his political career
13
His character in private life
14
Formation of the new Ministry
15
Immense difficulties of the country in foreign affairs
17
Still darker prospect in internal affairs
19
Statistical details proving the distress
20
Immense difficulties in finance and from the inadequate national arma ments
22
Great distress in the manufacturing districts
24
Still more serious riots in Scotland
25
Measures of repression adopted
26
Their effects and results of the strike
27
Skilful use made of these circumstances
28
Opposite arguments adduced by the AntiCornLaw League and real causes of the distress
29
Short session of 1841
30
Opening of the Parliament of 1842
31
3539 Answer of Lord John Russell and Lord Palmerston
35
2833 Sir R Peels plan 3237
38
The bill passes both Houses and various amendments are thrown out
40
Reception of the measure in the country
41
Financial difficulties of Sir R Peel
42
4348 Sir R Peels speech on introducing his financial measures Page 3841 42
43
Approach to a repeal of the Corn Laws and resignation of Sir R Peel
44
Reception of the plan by the Opposition and the country
49
5054 Argument against the incometax
50
The bill passes and its reception by the country
55
Reception of the measure in the country
56
It might have been easily obviated by an extension of the Currency
57
But this made the tax on perishable incomes more unjust
59
Reasons of this injustice being committed
60
Peels heroic conduct on the Affghanistan disaster
61
Lord Mahons Copyright Bill
62
Reflections on this Act
63
Extension of the dangers of literature
64
The Temperance Movement in Ireland
65
Progress and decline of the movement
66
Commencement of the Repeal agitation
67
Monster meetings
68
Character of these meetings and language used at them
69
Measures of Government and Arms Bill
70
The Clontarf meeting is stopped and OConnell arrested
71
Trial and conviction of OConnell
72
57
77
ib 69 70 71 73 Reversal of the sentence 72 74 Effects of this decision 73 75 His subsequent career and death 74 76 Fine harvest of 1842 and gradual...
78
Its origin 79 Sir James Grahams unsuccessful Factory and Education Bill
79
New Factory Bill and Lord Ashleys Tenhours amendment
80
Reflections on this subject
81
The bill is thrown out by a majority of
82
Increase of the riots
83
Termination of the troubles and bill removing their cause
84
The Chartist and AntiCornLaw movements
85
Differences with America 79 80 82 83 85 ib
86
The danger of scarcity had passed away before the bill was brought forward 213
89
Its terms 90 Proceedings regarding the dispute
90
Terms of the treaty and its reception in Great Britain
91
Reflections on
92
Its history
93
Conclusion of a treaty
94
Reflections on these Treaties
96
Origin of the Otaheite dispute with France
97
Interference of the French missionaries
98
S Page 99 The French take possession of Otaheite
102
Affair of Mr Pritchard which complicates the case
103
The matter is adjusted
105
Spanish marriages
106
Reduction of the 3 per cents ib 104 Favourable financial statement of 1844
107
Reduction of taxes
108
Reduction of Sugar Duties
109
Bank Charter Act
110
108111 Sir R Peels argument in support of his Bill 111113
111
112113 Argument against the Bill 114116
114
The Bill passes both Houses
116
Similar bills for Scotland and Ireland
117
Reflections on this debate
118
What was not foreseen
119
Visit of the King of the French to England
120
Visit of the Emperor Nicholas
121
Political objects of the visit
122
CHAPTER XLII
124
The Railway Mania
126
Effects of the mania on society
127
Effects on the public mind
128
Its immediate benefits to some classes
129
Great effect of these speculations in the country
130
Division in the landed interest occasioned by the railway mania
132
Good effects of the railway mania on the labouring classes
133
Effects of the railway system on commerce and manufactures
134
Beneficial effect of the railway system on the working classes
136
Bill passes reducing railway deposits to a half
137
Its vast effect in stimulating these undertakings
138
94
139
Continuance of the Incometax and repeal of more indirect taxes
140
1617 Mr Barings objection to it 142143
142
The bill is carried by a large majority
144
Reflections on this measure ib 20 Causes of this great change
145
Increase in Irish agrarian crime
146
Grant to secular colleges
147
Enlarged grant to Maynooth College
149
Reflections on this measure and its failure
150
History of the subject
151
Causes of the law being evaded
152
95
158
96
159
97
173
99
178
100
179
CHAPTER XLIII
225
Both the Whigs and the Tories were destroyed by their own leaders
226
Causes which led to these changes
227
Formation of the new Cabinet
228
58 Government plan for the sugarduties 229232
229
915 Argument of the Protectionists on the other side 233239
233
Sir R Peels singular conduct and passing of the bill
239
Result of this measure to the West Indies
240
Effect on the slave trade
242
Explanation of this given by foreign writers
243
Real explanation of it
244
Proof of the colonies having been disfranchised by the Reform Bill
245
Discussion on flogging in the army
246
Motion on the subject and Wellingtons order
247
Reflections on this subject
249
Difference in the composition of the British and foreign armies
250
Necessity of corporal punishment in the field
251
Lord Palmerstons Cabinet minute on the defences of the country
252
Wellingtons measure for enrolling the pensioners
255
Arms bill for Ireland
256
Sir R Peels measures for the relief of the Irish suffering and those of Lord J Russell
258
Commencement of the Irish famine
259
Deplorable and alarming state of the country
261
Government plans on the subject
262
Enormous extent of the distress
264
Woeful scenes in the country
265
Her Majestys speech on opening Parliament
266
Ministerial plan for the Irish relief
267
Description of the calamity by Lord Brougham
268
Ministerial plan for the relief of Ireland
269
Amended Poor and Temporary Relief Act 10 and 11 Victoria c 7
270
Immense relief afforded under this Act in Ireland
272
Ratio of indigent persons relieved
273
Great mortality of this period
274
Immense pecuniary efforts made in Great Britain
275
Vast extent of the emigration from Ireland
276
Still greater emigration to foreign parts
277
Effects of this exodus on the Irish population
279
Which arose mainly from freetrade measures
280
Voluntary relief in Ireland and causes of its small amount
282
Reflections on the Irish famine
283
Potato famine in Scotland at this period
284
Means taken in Scotland to combat it
285
Lord George Bentincks project for Irish railways
286
5458 His railway scheme 287290
287
It is opposed by Ministers
291
Division on the subject and reflections on it
294
Character of Lord George Bentinck
295
His family and early history
296
His mental qualities
298
His private character and habits ib 69 The Budget of 1847
299
Its details
300
Causes which led to the approach of a monetary crisis
301
Great effect of the Irish famine
303
Progress of the panic
304
Difference between this and former crises
305
7982 Answer of the Government and Sir R Peel 309312
309
Nothing followed on this debate
313
Reflections on it ib 85 Debate on the Navigation Laws
315
8990 Answer of Sir R Peel Sir James Graham and Mr Cobden 318319
318
The bill passes both Houses
320
Reflections on this measure ib 93 Vast difference in the mortality of manufacturing towns and the country
322
Introduction of a system of limited service
324
Reflections on this change
336
Great and immediate effect of this letter
337
Meeting of Parliament and Queens Speech
339
106108 Sir R Peels statement on the Bank Charter Act 340342
340
109111 Answer of Lord G Bentinck and Mr Thomas Baring 343344
343
Result of the debate
345
Reflections on this debate
346
Great distress in the country from the monetary crisis
348
Details of the railway and mercantile losses
349
Rise in cotton from the crash of 1839 in America
350
Vast variations in the price of provisions
351
Pernicious effect of the French Revolution of 1848
352
Immense influx of destitute Irish into Western Britain ib 120 Extreme severity of the pressure on the middle classes
353
Vigorous preparations in the Government
354
Immediate benefits of the railway expenditure
355
Detection of the frauds in the Chartist petition
360
Immense sensation this produced on the Continent
374
Lesson which it taught the British people
383
Danger of gold passing merely through the richer States
390
Ultimate effects of Free Trade irrespective of the Currency
396
Free Trade induces at first cheap prices of food and then often famine
402
The effects of Free Trade must be judged of before 1852
409
Speech of M Thiers 702
418
Commencement of combination and riot in Paris
444
Disastrous state of the finances in consequence
450
Its provisions
456
Ambiguity in regard to the authorship of the letters
462
Expedient of a new valuation
468
Prosecution and acquittal of LedruRollin
474
Reflections on this debate and its result
484
Result of the debate and reflections on it
494
Lamartine as a statesman
500
Corruption of the Ministerial majority in the Chamber
506
CHAPTER XLV
511
Description of the Sahara
512
Influence thence arising to the rulers of the Tel
513
Extreme varieties of the climate
514
The Kabyles ib 6 Statistics of the colony
515
Difficulties of the colony in respect of industry
516
Exports and imports
517
Great importance of Algiers as a school for war
518
Qualities called out in the officers and soldiers ib 1112 Character of Changarnier
521
Canrobert
523
Marshal Bugeaud
524
General de Lamoricière
526
Marshal St Arnaud
527
Marshal Pelissier
528
The Zouaves
529
State of Algiers in 1840
530
First operations of the campaign and capture of Medeah
531
Expedition against Milianah
533
Bloody combat on the Col de Mouzaia
534
Campaign of 1841
535
Successful campaign of 1841 ib 28 Submission of various tribes in the south and west
537
Final defeat and flight of AbdelKader
538
His reappearance
539
Capture of the harem of AbdelKader
540
Commencement of difficulties with Marocco
541
Which lead to a rupture ib 34 Attack on the French by the troops of Marocco Combat on the Mouillah
542
Conference between General Bedeau and the Marocco chief
543
The conference ends in hostilities
544
Commencement of hostilities with Marocco by sea and land
545
Bombardment of Tangiers and Mogador
546
Critical position of the French and their resolution to fight
547
Dispositions for the battle
548
Battle of Isly
549
Glorious victory of the French
550
Peace with Marocco
551
Campaign against the Kabyles and fresh efforts of AbdelKader
552
Capitulation of AbdelKader and its violation by the French
553
General submission and pacification of Algeria
554
General view of Algeria as finally acquired by the French
555
Diminutive scale still of its industrial resources ib 49 Parallel of the British empire in India and the French in Algeria
557
Pacific views of Louis Philippe and M Guizot
561
Decision of the Chamber on the subject
567
Commencement of the insurrection
582
2930 Speech of M de Tocqueville 703704
586
Escape of Louis Napoleon from the Château of Ham
588
The Spanish Marriages History of the question
594
Conferences at the Château dEu and at Windsor on the subject
600
Lord Palmerstons letter of 19th July to Sir H Bulwer
605
Terror of M Guizot and Louis Philippe of the Coburg proposal
607
The two marriages are contracted on the same day
608
Coldness in consequence of the British and French Governments
609
Disastrous effects of this coldness
610
Its effects on the future of France and England
611
Who was to blame in these marriages
612
Lord Palmerstons was an imprudent slip Guizots a breach of faith
613
Effects of this disunion of France and England on Poland
614
Diplomatic differences of France and England on the Treaty of Utrecht
615
Cordiality of France and England before the affair of the Spanish marriages
617
Affairs of Greece and disaccord of France and England regarding it
618
Which is at first supported and then disowned by Russia
619
Commencement of a coldness which approaches to a rupture
620
Increased division between France and England regarding Greece
621
Differences regarding Portugal and La Plata
622
Affairs at Madrid and alienation of the King and Queen
623
Affairs of Italy Death of the Pope and accession of Pius IX
624
Election and character of Pius IX
625
State of Italian opinion at this time
626
Character of Pius IX
627
General amnesty and transports with which it was received
628
First acts of the Pope
629
Difficulties which beset the Papal Government ib 68 Which are increased by the general concourse of Liberals to Rome
630
Adoption of the same policy in the Grandduchy of Tuscany
631
Movements in Sardinia and Piedmont
632
Papal declaration against Liberalism
633
Revolutionary movement in Rome ib 73 Measures of the Austrian and French cabinets
634
Conduct of the French Government
635
Effects in Piedmont
636
Prince Metternichs views at this crisis ib 77 M Guizots policy as to Italy at this period
637
Policy of the English Government at the same time
639
Great reforms introduced into Piedmont
641
Revolution at Lucca and its annexation to Tuscany
642
Enthusiasm excited at Rome by Lord Mintos arrival
643
Rossis warning remarks to the Pope and the Radicals
644
Riot in Rome
645
Revolt in Sicily
646
Publication of a constitution at Naples
647
Great sensation produced by this change in Italy
648
Convulsions in Sicily
649
Credulity of Lord Palmerston to the Liberal Italian agents
650
Affairs of Switzerland and progress of democracy in it
651
Progress of democratic influences in it
653
Rapid growth of Radicalism in the Swiss cities
654
Origin of the religious disputes
655
Invasion of the Free Bands under Ochsenbein
656
Which leads to the Sunderbund
657
Lord Palmerston delays to join in the French and Austrian intervention
664
Weakness of Great Britain at sea and land at this period
670
Alarming internal state of France in the end of 1847
676
Speech of M de Lamartine 705
686
Details of the catastrophe and its termination
687
Commencement of the banquet agitation
694
Meeting of the Chambers and Kings Speech
700
Duchâtels answer 706710
706
Discussion on the Address
711
Divisions on the Address ib 41 The Opposition resolve on a banquet
712
Great agitation in Paris on the announcement
714
Death of the Princess Adelaide ib 44 Preparations for the banquet
715
Programme of the proposed procession
716
Difficulties on both sides regarding a procession ib 47 Debate and decision of the Liberal chiefs against the procession
718
Articles in the National and Réforme on the subject
719
Strength of the Republicans at this period
720
Forces of the Government and its measures
721
Aspect of the people
722
Insidious policy of the National Guard
723
The National Guard in effect join the insurgents
724
Consternation in the Tuileries
726
Resignation of M Guizot ib 56 Announcement of this to the Chambers and its reception in Paris
728
Catastrophe in front of M Guizots house
729
Parade of the dead bodies through Paris
730
Thiers is sent for
731
Excessive agitation in Paris during the night
732
Marshal Bugeauds success
733
Thiers and Odillion Barrot succumb and withdraw the troops
734
Ruinous consequences of this concession
735
Abandonment of the Palais Royal
736
Last hours of the monarchy
737
The King is forced to abdicate
738
Proceedings of the generals at this time and flight of the King
740
Heroic conduct of the Duchess of Orléans
742
Opinion in the Chamber of Deputies
743
Treachery of M de Lamartine
744
Entrance of the Duchess of Orléans into the Chambers ib 73 She is refused a hearing and obliged by the mob to retire
746
Nomination of the Provisional Government
747
Nomination of another Provisional Government and proclamation of a Republic
748
Lamartines portrait of the Revolutionists
749
Escape of the Duchess of Orléans and the Royal Family
750
Causes which brought about the Revolution
752

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Side 99 - Majesty shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island, and thence southerly through the middle of the said channel, and of...
Side 336 - If this course should lead to any infringement of the existing law, Her Majesty's Government will be prepared to propose to Parliament on its meeting, a Bill of Indemnity.
Side 187 - I did place myself at the head of this valiant armada; true it is that my sovereign embraced me; true it is that all the muftis in the empire offered up prayers for my success ; but I have an objection to war.
Side 186 - ... when the existence of the Turkish empire was at stake, the late sultan, a man of great energy and fertile in resources, was determined to fit out an immense fleet to maintain his empire. Accordingly, a vast armament was collected.
Side 211 - Protection, considering the maintenance of it to be essential to the welfare and interests of the country. I shall leave a name execrated by every monopolist, who, from less honourable motives, clamours for Protection because it conduces to his own individual benefit.
Side 208 - Two hours after this intelligence was brought, we were ejected from power ; and by another coincidence as marvellous, on the day on which I had to announce in the House of Commons the dissolution of the Government, the news arrived that we had settled the Oregon question, and that our proposals had been accepted by the United States without the alteration of a word.
Side 267 - Means have been taken to lessen the pressure of want in districts which are most remote from the ordinary sources of supply. Outrages have been repressed, as far as it was possible, by the military and police. It is satisfactory to me to observe, that in many of the most distressed districts the patience and resignation of the people have been most exemplary.
Side 176 - I have had," her Majesty was made to say," great satisfaction in giving my assent to the measures which you have presented to me from time to time, calculated to extend commerce and to stimulate domestic skill and industry, by the repeal of prohibitive and the relaxation of protective duties. I recommend you to take into your early consideration whether the principle on which you have acted may not with advantage be yet more extensively applied.
Side 266 - For, faithful in death, his mute favourite attended, The much-loved remains of her master defended, And chased the hill-fox and the raven away. How long didst thou think that his silence was slumber ? When the wind waved his...
Side 91 - But with this single exception no nation has, in time of peace, any authority to detain the ships of another upon the high seas on any pretext whatever, beyond the limits of the territorial jurisdiction.

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