It will be found eminently more efficacious to apply such liquid as hot as practicable. If it be boiling hot, by the time it is spread out on the cold bark of the tree it will be so cool that the bark will receive no injury in consequence of the liquid being hot. Such hot liquid will destroy the eggs of insects much quicker than when it is cold.-S. E. TODD.

APPLE.

POMMIER. Pyrus malus.

And now we've arrived near the close of the year,
Winter Apples and Cranberries bring up the rear,
All are good of their kind, and we freely declare,
Not one of the Fruits we would willingly spare.

The Apple being so closely connected with our wants and enjoyments, is entitled to the first notice in the catalogue of our fruits. The Apple-Orchard is, in truth, the vineyard of our country; and the delicious beverage that can be obtained from some of the varieties of this excellent fruit being calculated to cheer the invalid, as well as to strengthen the healthy, entitles it to high consideration. It is one of our oldest and best fruits, and has become completely naturalized to our soil. None can be brought to so high a degree of perfection with so little trouble; and of no other are there so many excellent varieties in general cultivation, calculated for almost every soil, situation, and climate, which our country affords.

AGE OF APPLE-TREES.

The Apple-tree is supposed by some to attain a great age. Haller mentions some trees in Herefordshire, England, that were a thousand years old, and were still highly prolific; but Knight considers two hundred years as the ordinary duration of a healthy tree, grafted on a crab-stock, and planted in a

strong, tenacious soil. Speechly mentions a tree in an orchard at Burtonjoice, near Nottingham, about sixty years old, with branches extending from seven to nine yards round the bole, which in some seasons produced upwards of a hundred bushels of apples.

The Romans had only twenty-two varieties in Pliny's time. There are upwards of fifteen hundred now cultivated in the garden of the Horticultural Society of London, under name. The catalogue of the Linnæan Botanic Garden at Flushing contains about four hundred; and one of our enterprising horticulturists, Mr. William Coxe, of Burlington, New Jersey, enumerated one hundred and thirty-three kinds cultivated in the United States some years ago. They are usually divided into dessert, baking, and cider fruits. The first, highly flavored; the second, such as fall, or become mellow in baking or boiling; and the third, austere, and generally fruit of small size. Besides this division, Apples are classed as pippins or seedlings, pearmains or somewhat pear-shaped fruits, rennets or queen-specked fruits, calviles or white-skinned fruits, russets or brown fruits, and some are denominated burknots.

The Apple may be propagated by layers; and many sorts by cuttings and budding; but the usual mode is by grafting on seedling stocks of two or three years' growth, and for dwarfing, on stocks of the Quince or Paradise Apple. All the principal varieties are cultivated as standards in the orchard, and should be planted from thirty to forty feet from each other, or from any other spreading trees, in order that the sun and air may have their due influence in maturing the fruit.

Many of the dwarf kinds may be introduced into the KitchenGarden, and trained as espaliers, or dwarf standards. An AppleOrchard may be planted at any time after the trees are two years old from the graft; and as trees from young stocks will not come into full bearing until ten or twelve years old, they will bear removing with care at any time within that period.

Old Apple-trees may be grafted with superior varieties by being headed down to standard height. Most commonly, in

very old subjects, the branches only are cut within a foot or two of the trunk, and then grafted in the crown or cleft manner. In all the varieties of the common Apple, the mode of bearing is upon small terminal and lateral spurs, or short robust shoots, from half an inch to two inches long, which spring from the younger branches of two or more years' growth, appearing at first at the extremity, and extending gradually to the side. The same bearing-branches and fruit-spurs continue many years fruitful.

PRUNING.

As, from the mode of bearing, Apple-trees do not admit of shortening the general bearers, it should only be practised in extraordinary cases. If trees have not the most desirable form when three or four years old, they should be judiciously pruned to promote regular spreading branches. In annual pruning, the main branches should not be cut, unless in cases of decay; but all superfluous cross branches and dead wood should be taken out, and the suckers removed. Espaliers require a summer and winter pruning.

SELECT DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF APPLES.

SUMMER FRUIT.

AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN, Early Summer Pearmain. This apple is of medium size and oblong form; its color bright red on the sunny side, and on the opposite side yellow, streaked or blotched with red; the flesh is very juicy, tender, fine flavored, and excellent. It ripens early in August, and is good either for the dessert or for cooking. Tree a good bearer.

BENONI. Fruit of medium size, form round and regular;

the flesh yellow, high-flavored, and excellent; it ripens in July and August. "The tree bears well," says Mr. Manning, "and should be found in every good collection."

EARLY BOUGH, Sweet Bough. The size of this fruit varies from medium to large; its color pale yellow; its form oblong; its skin smooth; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, and excellent. Ripens early in August in some localities.

EARLY CROFTON, or Irish Peach Apple. An Irish apple, of the middle size and flattish shape; of an olive green color, much variegated with red; has a rich saccharine flavor; is much esteemed for the dessert, and is excellent also as a sauce apple. Ripens in August. The tree grows well, and is not apt to canker.

EARLY HARVEST, Prince's Yellow Harvest, Pomme d'été, July Pippin. A very early apple, of medium size; bright straw color; flesh white and tender; juice rich, lively, and very fine. The tree bears young, and makes a fine garden espalier; ripening its fruit in July and August.

EARLY RED JUNEATING, Red Margaret, Early Striped Juneating, Strawberry, Eve Apple of the Irish. Fruit below the middle size; skin greenish yellow, richly and closely streaked with deep red; flesh white, juicy, breaking, sub-acid, very rich and agreeable. Ripens early in August.

PORTER. This variety, says Mr. Manning, originated on the farm of the Rev. Samuel Porter, of Sherburne, Massachusetts. The fruit is large, of oblong shape; the skin a bright yellow, with a red blush; the flesh fine, sprightly, and agreeable. Ripens in September and October.

RED ASTRACAN. This beautiful apple is of medium size, and roundish; the skin is dark red, covered with thick bloom like a plum; the flesh is white, tender, and somewhat acid. At perfection early in August.

A

RED QUARENDON. Devonshire Quarendon. Sack Apple. much esteemed Devonshire apple; of medium size; skin of a uniform deep rich crimson, with numerous green dots intermixed; flesh of a brisk, pleasant, and peculiar flavor. A very

desirable dessert apple: from August to October; tree very productive.

SUMMER PIPPIN, Pie Apple. This fruit, in size and shape, resembles the Fall Pippin; it differs in having a little more red on the sunny side, and in arriving at maturity about a fortnight earlier. It is a very popular apple in New Jersey.

SUMMER QUEEN. A large oblong apple, striped with red on a yellow ground; the flesh is yellow, very high flavored, and excellent. The tree is of vigorous growth, says Mr. Manning, a great bearer, and ripens its fruit in August.

SUMMER ROSE, Harvest Apple. A very beautiful and excellent fruit, of moderate size and roundish form; the skin is yellow, striped and mottled with red; the flesh is sweet, juicy, and fine in July and August; tree a great bearer.

WILLIAMS'S EARLY, Williams's Favorite Red. This apple originated in Roxbury, Mass.; it is of medium size; oblong form; the skin a bright and deep red; the flavor pleasant and agreeable. The tree is a great bearer, and its fruit commands. a good price in the Boston markets: in August and September.

BEAUTY OF KENT. Fruit very large, roundish, but flat at the base; skin smooth, greenish-yellow, with stripes of purplish-red; flesh juicy, crisp, and tender, with an agreeable subacid flavor: in October and November.

CANADIAN REINETTE, Reinette du Canada blanche, Portugal Apple, Grosse Reinette d'Angleterre, Pomme du Caen, Mela Janurea. Fruit large, broad, and flat; skin greenish-yellow, tinged with brown; flesh yellowish-white, firm, juicy, and of a high sub-acid flavor: from December to March.

CHANDLER. A native winter fruit of Pomfret, Connecticut. Large, roundish, slightly flattened; skin thickly streaked with dull red on a greenish-yellow ground with grey dots; flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, and rich.

COURT OF WICK PIPPIN, Fry's Pippin, Golden Drop, Wood's Transparent Pippin, Phillips' Reinette, Knightwick Pippin. An English winter variety, well adapted for Canada