terwards, had consolidated into some similarity of nature with the stones themselves. The mode also of construction in the two courts is very different. In the base court, the stones are huge, unshapen, and ill compacted, gaping rudely in the joints, and presenting a clumsy and coarse appearance to the eye. But, in the higher court, the long wall exhibits to us a piece of masonry, that would do credit to a modern builder; the stones being shaped into smooth surfaces, being laid in regular courses, and carrying a fair and modern appearance with them; and both appear to be the stones of a quarry upon the glebe, which, only ten years ago, exhibited all the aspect of a deep and an ancient quarry, showing a high face of rock, being covered with trees, having formerly been famous as a harbour for snakes, and being found, on examination, to have been perfectly worked out. They are certainly the stones of the glebe, from their hue and their hardness. The ground of the base court has been found to be remarkably deep in the soil. Hundreds of loads of earth have been carried away from it, for manuring the adjoining fields. But the ground of the higher court is very shallow. This is attributable to two causes co-operating. The lower court was constructed with clay floors generally, and with side walls of clay entirely, I presume. These, in the demolition of the whole, have mingled with the soil, and have deepened it. But the other was constructed obviously in a more modern style of refinement, with side walls of stone, and with boarded floors. And these have left the ground in its original shallowness of soil. The other cause is this: The plane of the castle-hill was originally uneven and precipicious, and required much labour of levelling. This threw vast quantities of earth into particular places, to fill up hollows, and to smooth the falls. And I have given a remarkable instance of a man caught by a falling bank, and buried twelve feet deep in earth. But the ground above was of a different nature, and required little levelling, and, therefore, received little accumulation of earth in places. It remained, therefore, in its original state. I was, some years ago, informed by an old man, who, from his constant residence in the village, and from his great age, was the faithful chronicle of the parish, that a giant once lived in this castle-an incident of romance, which seems to carry us up to some of the remotest periods of our history. But he added, that another giant lived contemporary with him at Trelouk, an estate in the parish; that, two giants so near being sure to quarrel for exclusive dominion and sole sovereignty, the giant of Lanyhorne fought with the giant of Trelouk; and that, as giants scorn to contend with the ordinary wea pons of a man, they hurled stones at one another. But, from the opposition of the owner of this castle to the possessor of the house of Trelouk, I consider the story only as an echo ; an echo, indeed, that has redoubled the sounds in the repetition, of some pitched battle between two rival barons. But how could there be any baron in a pa rish that was the property of the lord of Lanyhorne pile? Or how could any gentleman in the parish presume to fight with him who was the sovereign of the whole? I account for both these circumstances thus. thus. Trelouk is a house that has a large barton belonging to it, and is the only house in the whole parish, besides what I shall show hereafter to have belonged to the seignor of the castle, that has any barton at all. Its appellation, too, concurs with its barton, to prove it a very considerable mansion. Tre Long, which, in pronunciation, readily becomes Tre Louk, and is the indubitable analysis of the name, obviously means the long house. The word long, indeed, is lost in the Cornish, but is preserved in the Welsh and Irish, long and long, a ship; a name and a quality nearly similar, I suppose, to our long-boat. This implies something considerable in the house. But the Irish language explains the whole to us at once. This exhibits the discriminative term in an idiomatic sense. Long-phort in Irish, is literally a long fort, or long house, from port, a fort or house; but in construction means a palace, or royal seat. Thus-" D'airg se a long-phoirt," signifies "he plundered the king's seats." A long house, therefore, was the appropriate title among the Britons for a king's mansion. They marked the royalty of the house by the length of it. And Trelouk appears from all, to have been one of the long houses of Cornwall, one of the mansions upon the royal demesnes here. In this view of Trelouk, the owner of it might maintain a battle with the castellan of Lanyhorne, as well as any other baron in the neighbourhood. He was not subject to the castellan. He held not Trelouk from him: He held it only from the king himself. He had also the honour to live in a royal mansion, to receive the king into his house at times, to have him for a sojourner in it, to partake in his feasts, and to share in his sports. Such a man might well, therefore, bristle up his back with pride, and even (in the licentious freedoms of feudal lords) meet the castellan boldly in the field, with his servants in arms. How numerous these servants must have been, let tradition further tell us, in its usual confusedness of remembrance. It says that there was a city at Trelouk formerly, and that a king resided in it. It thus confirms my deductions from the name very decisively and this is the main, substantial part of the popular narrative. But when it adds that this city reached from Trelouk to Reskivers, near Tregony, and that it was denominated the city of Reskivay, it confounds Tregoney with Trelouk, that being actually and probably reported to have once shot out to Reskivers, and this additional town being said to have been denominated the city of Reskivers or Reskivay. It says, however, that Trelouk was a city. In this it may have been equally deceived by the same assimilation of circumstances. Yet that is not likely. The appellation of a city for Trelouk was the very circumstance which occasioned the assimilation— the very link that tied the tradition of Tregony to Trelouk. And it subjoins what corroborates the substance of its verdict in the point, that a king re sided in this city. All shows it to have been a capital house, the natural, though unequal rival of the castle. The house is remembered about forty years ago, to have had a narrow approach to it, with a wall on each side, and a room (for a porter's lodge) above, in the style of a castellated mansion; to have then had a gate and a wicket, with a small court before the whole. The barton also 3 K 2 is is remembered to have been set to different tenants, who resided in different parts of the house. Three or four years ago, in a plat of ground which was covered with briars and brambles, the soil was found to be black earth, four or five feet deep, and a regular pavement, the area of a court was discovered beneath. And about thirty years ago were also found what spoke to vulgar antiquarianism, the existence of three different smiths' shops at Trelouk, but what only denoted probably the three different stations on the barton, at which the king's smith had successively exercised his business; a quantity of cinders in the ground of three different places there, and fragments of iron among them. So closely does tradition unite with etymology, and discoveries incorporate * In a rare tract, entitled, "A Discourse of the most illustrious prince Henry, late prince of Wales," written anno 1626, by sir Charles Cornwallis, knight, sometimes treasurer of his highnesse house, printed in 1641, are the following traits of that prince's character, which may serve to illustrate these orders. They are taken from a copy in the possession of the rev. John Brand, Sec. A. M. "In the government of his household, in yeares so very young, hee gave examples to all other princes. "His family was ample, as that which consisted of few lesse then five hundred, many of them young gentlemen, borne to great fortunes, in the prime of their years, when their passions were most strong, and their powers and experiences to temper and subject them to reason most weake, his judgement, his grave and princely aspect, gave temper to them all; his very eye served for a commandement, and more and better service have I noted to be done by the very lookes of him, then by sharpe reprehensions of some other princes: if any questions or quarrells were moved amongst his servants, he would give a stoppe and stay to them, at the very beginning, by referring them to some such of his principal officers as hee thought to bee most scient in matters of that nature, and best did know to give just compensation to the injured, and reproofe to them that should be found to have offered the wrong; so as in so numerous a family, there was not so much as any blows given, or any countenance of quarrell or debate betweene any.. Plenty and magnificence were the things that in his house he especially affected, but not without such a temper as might agree with the rules of frugality and moderation; he caused to bee set downe in writing unto him the several heads of alle his annual charges, the ordinary expence of his house and his stables, the charge of his apparrell and wardrobe, his rewards, and all such other things, as yearly were to be issued out of his coffers, and comparing them with his anal revenue, did so judiciously fashion and proportion them by shortening what he For that I am now upon the point to sett downe officers and orders, for the settling of my houshold, I have myselfe taken care to thinck on some especiall matters, that I would have precisely lookt unto, and duly observed, as well for the advancement of my service, as he found superfluous, and encreasing what was wanting and too short in any of them, as hee reduced them to a certainty, and such as his revenues would well defray, besides a yearly spare of some thousands of pounds which hee reserved for a store or treasure, to be ready for all events and occasions accidentall. "By giving of which so good and solid foundation and order unto his state, hee delivered himself from all necessity of becoming rigid or strait to his tenants, either by any unmeasureable improving their farmes, or their fines, or seeking or taking advantage of any their forfeitures, and became also unnecessited to take the benefit that both law and right afforded unto him, of such as had in time of former princes purchased lands appertaining to his dutchy of Cornwall, which could not, by law, be alienated from the same, to whom out of his princely bounty and gracious compassion upon resuming of them, hee gave some reasonable satisfaction. "The banquets and feasts that any time he made, his desire was, should be magnificient and agreeing with his' princely dignity, yet not without an especiall eye and care had, that nothing should bee spent in disorder, or the charge made greater through the want of providence, or well manageing by his officers; in those hee ever affected the demonstration of a princely greatnesse, and that all things should pass with decency and decorum, and without all rudeness, noise or disorder. "In any thing either committed or permitted unto him by the king his father, concerning the state and defence of the kingdome, exceeding willing, sedulous and careful hee ever showed himselfe, to perform all offices and duties undertandingly, and with much circumspection. "He was once sent by his majesty to take a view of the navy at Chatham, wither myselfe waited upon him, and observed how great his desire was, not onely to see with his owne eyes every particular ship, but to inable himselfe, by conference and consultation with the best experienced of his majesty's officers of the navy, in the fashion and fabricature of the ships, to understand their strengths and the forme of their sailing, to take knowledge of such as were then perfitted and fitted for the present service, and which defective, and in what several parts, to the end there might instantly be order given for the repairing of them; he also very particularly enformed himselfe of their several equipages and furnitures, went in person to take an exact view of them, aud of his majesties store for that purpose, and would not bee satisfied without understanding the special uses of every of those things, and of all other that tended to make them serviceable and usefull; what further in yeares more ripe was in naval affaires, wherein consisted the principall strength, honour, and advantage of this kingdome, to be expected of him, may easily be discerned by his will, his diligence, his understanding and princely courage, shewed upon 'occasion of discourse, delivered unto him by a servant of bis own, concerning a navall warre with Spaine, whensocver that king shall give cause of a publicke hostility. "To publish particulars agrees not with the rules of state, but two especiall thinges being propounded, which were the preparation of a navy, consisting of a certaine number of ships to bee sent into the West Indies, and another to attend the coasts of Spaine, to prohibit all entry or issue of ships either into or out of the same. "Admirable it was in one of yeares so young, to heare what interrogations he used of every particularity of that designe, of the feisiblenesse, and of the diffi 3K 3 culties as for the honor of my court; and although there be many other things very requisite to be considered of concerning the same, which I must referre to the diligence and provi dence of my officers, yet these pīti culers hereafter sett downe my will and pleasure is to be especially observed and respected. That when I am at divine service in culties of every branch of it, how he insisted upon every doubt, until by the best experienced and practised both in sea services and in navigation, with reasons and demonstrations he became fully satisfied, and that done, how narrowly and neerly he searched into every knot, both of the honour and utility, and of the danger and charge that an attempt of that nature would draw with it, and ceased not untill be understood every particular of the same, and especially the yeerly charge which that whole expedition would amount unto; which having found so very reasonable, and the hopes so great, and all doubts so well resolved, to shew the valour of his own heart, hee openly protested to such as were present, that should the king his father bee pleased, upon any future occasion to breake with Spaine, himselfe (if so it should agree with his majesties pleasure) would, in person, become the executor of that noble attempt for the West Indies. "He so distributed the day by dividing his houres into the services of God, to the apting himselfe to the office hee was born unto, both in government civill and military, and to necessary exercises and recreations, as no part of it could be in vaine bestowed; to inable his knowledge of government civill, he read histories, the knowledge of things passed conducing much to resolution in things present, and to prevention of those to come. "In the military, hee added thereunto the mathematicks, study of cosmography, and had one that instructed him in the matter and forme of fortifications. "For practice, hee used in a manner daily to ride and manage great horses with which hee had his stables most excellently furnished, oftimes to runne at the ring, and sometimes at tilt, both which he so well and dexterously performed, and with so great a comelinesse, as in those first yeares, he became second to no prince in Christendome, and to many that practised with him, auch superiour. "Ilis other exercises were dancing, leaping, and in times of yeare fit for learning to swimme, at sometimes walking fast and farre, to accustome and enable himself to make a long march when time should require it; but most of all at tennis play, wherein, to speak the truth, which in all things I especially affect, hee neither observed moderation, nor what appertained to his dignity and person, continuing oftimes his play for the space of three or foure houres, and the same in his shirt, rather becoming an artizan than a prince, who, in things of that nature, are only to affect comelinesse, or rather a kinde of carelessnesse in shew, to make their activities seeme the more naturall, then a laborious and toiling industry. "Of this, and of his diet, wherein he shewed too much inclination to excessive eating of fruits, he was, as in al other things, content to heare advice, but in these two particulars not to follow it. "In other play or gaming he shewed himselfe not much inclined, yet would Sometimes play at Obesse, at Biliors, and at Cards, but so very nobly and like himselfe, as plainly shewed his use of it to be only for recreation, not for appetite of game; for whether he wonne or lost, his countenance was ever the same, and, for the most part, greater appearances of mirth in him when he was in losse, than when he wonne, thereby plainly demonstrating both his judgment in adventuring no more than what he made no regard of if he lost it; and his princely magnanimity |