The head-quarters of the army are in the city of New York.

In each of these different departments forts and military posts are established, where troops are stationed.

SECRETARIES OF WAR.

HENRY KNOX, of Massachusetts. Appointed 12th September, 1789. Resigned.

TIMOTHY PICKERING, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 2d January, 1795. Appointed Secretary of State 10th December, 1795.

JOHN MCHENRY, of Maryland. Resigned.

Appointed 27th January, 1796.

SAMUEL DEXTER, of Massachusetts. Appointed 13th May, 1800. Appointed Secretary of the Treasury 31st December, 1800.

ROGER GRISWOLD, of Connecticut. Appointed 3d February, 1801. HENRY DEARBORN, of Massachusetts. Appointed 5th March, 1801. WILLIAM EUSTIS, of Massachusetts.

Resigned.

Appointed 7th March, 1809.

JOHN ARMSTRONG, of New York. Appointed 13th January, 1813. Resigned.

JAMES MONROE, of Virginia. (Secretary of State.) Appointed 27th September, 1814. Appointed Secreta v of State 28th February, 1815. WILLIAM H. CRAWFORD, of Georgia. Appointed 3d March, 1815. Appointed Secretary of the Treasury 22d October, 1816.

GEORGE GRAHAM, of Virginia. Appointed 7th April, 1817, in recess of the Senate.

JOHN C. CALHOUN, of South Carolina. Appointed 8th October, 1817, in recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed 15th December, 1817.

Appointed 7th March, 1825.

Appointed 26th May, 1828.

JAMES BARBOUR, of Virginia. PETER B. PORTER, of New York. JOHN H. EATON, of Tennessee. Appointed 9th March, 1829. Resigned.

LEWIS CASS, of Ohio. Appointed 1st August, 1831, in recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed 30th December, 1831. BENJAMIN F. BUTLER, of New York. Appointed 3d March, 1837. JOEL R. POINSETT, of South Carolina. Appointed 7th March, 1837. JOHN BELL, of Tennessee.

signed.

Appointed 5th March, 1841.

Re

JOHN C. SPENCER, of New York. Appointed 12th October, 1841, in the recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed 20th December, 1841.

James M. PorteER, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 8th March, 1843, in recess of the Senate.

WILLIAM WILKINS, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 15th February, 1844.

WILLIAM L. MARCY, of New York.
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, of Georgia.
Resigned.

CHARLES M. CONRAD, of Louisiana.
JEFFERSON Davis, of Mississippi.

Appointed 5th March, 1845.
Appointed 7th of March, 1849.

Appointed 15th August, 1850 Appointed March 7, 1853.

§ 472. The Department of Treasury was organized in 1789. The duty of the Secretary of the Treasury is to prepare plans for the improvement and management of the revenue, and for the support of public credit; to make and report estimates of the public revenue and the public expenditures; to superintend the collection of the revenue of the United States; to grant warrants for money to be issued from the Treasury, and generally to perform all such services relative to the finances of the government as he shall be directed to perform. His salary is $8000 a year. All accounts of the government are finally settled at the Treasury Department.

§ 473. In pursuance of an act of May 10, 1800, the Secretary of the Treasury prepares and lays before Congress, at the commencement of every session, a report on the subject of finance, containing estimates of the public revenue and public expenditures, and plans for increasing the revenues, for the purpose of giving information to Congress in adopting modes of raising money to meet the public expenditures.

§ 474. The Secretary of the Treasury employs an assistant secretary, a chief clerk, and a large number of other clerks. In this department there are various bu

reaus, among which the business is distributed permanently and upon a regular system. There is a first comptroller, and a second comptroller; a first auditor, second auditor, third auditor, fourth auditor, fifth auditor, and sixth auditor.

§ 475. There is in this department a treasurer, and an assistant treasurer in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Charleston; also a commissioner of customs, and a solicitor of the treasury, a law-officer whose duty it is to attend to the collection of debts due to the government, to the management of suits in the local courts of the United States, and the instruction of district attorneys and marshals in relation thereto.

§ 476. All claims due to the United States, after a failure or refusal to pay, are put in suit in the district where the parties or some of them reside, and, except postoffice suits, are placed upon the books of the solicitor of the treasury, and are collected under his direction.

§ 477. Accounts with the United States are received, examined, and settled by the proper auditors, and the settlements by them are then revised by one of the comptrollers. The decision of the comptroller upon all questions of law as well as of fact, in matters of account within the limits of his duty, is final, unless redress is granted by Congress. The auditors of the public accounts are authorized to administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses in any case in which they may deem it necessary for the due examination of accounts, and false swearing as to any matter concerning the expenditure of public money, or in support of any claim against the United States, is, by an act of Congress, made perjury.

§ 478. The coast-survey, the revenue-cutter service, (§ 218,) and the mint of the United States, with its

branches, are all attached to this department. The lighthouses of the United States were formerly under the control of the fifth auditor of the treasury; but by an act passed August 31, 1852, the "Light-house Board of the United States" was established.

§ 479. This board consists of two officers of the navy, of high rank, one officer of the corps of engineers of the army, one officer of the corps of topographical engineers of the army, two civilians of high scientific attainments, with an officer of the navy, and an officer of engineers of the army, as secretaries. The Secretary of the Treasury is, by virtue of his office, president of the board, and the board is attached to his department, and is under his superintendence.

§ 480. The duties of the Light-house Board relate to the construction, illumination, inspection, and supervision of light-houses, light-vessels, beacons, buoys, and sea-marks, and to rebuilding them, and keeping them in repair. The Atlantic, Gulf, Pacific, and Lake coasts of the United States, are divided into light-house districts, and the President of the United States assigns to each district an officer of the army or navy, as light-house inspector, under the orders of the board.

§ 481. List of Secretaries of the Treasury:

ALEXANDER HAMILTON, of New York. Appointed 11th September, 1789. Resigned.

OLIVER WOLCOTT, Jr., of Connecticut. Appointed 3d February, 1795. Resigned.

SAMUEL DEXTER, of Massachusetts, (Secretary of War.) Appointed 81st December, 1800.

ALBERT GALLATIN, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 14th May, 1801, in recess of Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed 26th January, 1802.

George W. CamPBELL, of Tennessee. Appointed 9th February, 1814 Resigned.

ALEXANDER JAMES DALLAS, of Pennsylvania, appointed 6th October,

1814.

WILLIAM H. CRAWFORD, of Georgia. Appointed 22d October, 1816, in recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed 5th March, 1817.

RICHARD RUSH, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 7th March, 1825. SAMUEL D. INGHAM, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 6th March, 1829. Resigned.

LOUIS MCLANE, of Delaware. Appointed 8th August, 1831, in recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed 13th January,

1832.

WILLIAM J. DUANE, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 29th May, 1833, in recess of the Senate.

ROGER B. TANEY, of Maryland. Appointed 23d September, 1833, in recess of the Senate.

LEVI WOODBURY, of New Hampshire. Appointed 27th June, 1834. THOMAS EWING, of Ohio. Appointed 5th March, 1841. Resigned. WALTER FORWARD, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 13th September,

1841.

JOHN C. SPENCER, of New York.

Appointed 3d March, 1843.

GEORGE M. BIBB, of Kentucky. Appointed 15th June, 1844.

ROBERT J. WALKER, of Mississippi. Appointed 5th March, 1845. WILLIAM MORRIS MEREDITH, of Pennsylvania. Appointed 7th March, 1849. Resigned.

THOMAS CORWIN, of Ohio. Appointed 20th June, 1850.

JAMES GUTHRIE, of Kentucky. Appointed March 7th, 1853.

§ 482. The Department of the Navy was organized by act of Congress, April 30, 1798. The Secretary of the Navy executes all such orders as he shall receive from the President, relative to procuring naval stores and materials, and the construction, equipment, and employment of vessels of war, as well as all other matters connected with the naval establishment of the United States. His salary is $8000. Prior to the organization of the Navy Depart ment, all matters and things relative to the naval force of the United States were confided to the Secretary of the War Department.

§ 483. By act of Congress of August 21, 1842, reor