to take effect October 12, 1907. (1907, First Called Sessions, c. 5, § 4a.)

No telegraph or telephone operator who spaces trains by the use of the telegraph or telephone under what is known as the "Block System" (defined in the Act) shall be permitted to remain on duty for more than eight hours in any 24 consecutive hours, but this provision shall not apply to railroad telegraph or telephone operators at stations where the services of only one operator are needed. (1907, c. 122, §1.)

Utah.

No person shall be required or permitted to work in any penal institution, whether State, county, or municipal, or on any works or undertakings carried on or aided by the State, county, or municipal governments, more than eight hours a day, except in cases of emergency. (Rev. St., 1898, Title 36, 1336, as amended by 1903, c. 98.)

No workingman shall be employed in any underground mine or workings, or in any smelter or other institution for the reduction or refining of ores or metals more than eight hours a day, except in cases of emergency. (Rev. St., 1898, Title 36, § 1337.)

permitted to work in any bakeshop between 8 P.M. and 5 A.M. (Acts of 1903, c. 135, § 9.)

No gripman, motorman, driver, or conductor shall be required to work on any street car more than 10 hours in 24. (Codes and Statutes, 1897, Title 18, § 3312.)

Eight hours shall constitute. a day's labor on any work done for the State or any county or municipality therein, whether such work is done by contract or otherwise, except in cases of extraordinary emergency, in which cases the compensation for overtime shall be one and one-half times the rate for the eight-hour day. (1899, c. 101, §§ 1, 2.) No case of extraordinary emergency shall be construed to exist in any case where other persons can be found to take the place of those who have already been employed for eight hours a day. (1903, c. 44, § 1.)

No employee concerned with the movement of any train shall be permitted to remain on duty more than 16 consecutive hours except in certain specified cases, or to again go on duty after having been on duty 16 consecutive hours without having had at least 10 hours off duty; or to continue on duty after having been on duty 16 hours in the aggregate in 24 hours without having had at least eight hours off duty within the 24-hour period. (1907, p. 25, c. 20, § 1.)

West Virginia.

No laborer, workman, or mechanic shall be employed by or on behalf of the State for more than eight hours a day except in cases of extraordinary emergency. This provision applies also to work done under contract for the State. (Code, 1906, §§ 505, 506.)

No telegraph or telephone operator concerned with the movement of trains, switches, etc., shall be permitted to remain on duty more than eight hours in 24 consecutive hours. These provisions apply only to those parts of a railroad over which three or more passenger trains or 10 or more freight trains, pass each way in 24 consecutive hours and to offices where such operators are employed 20 or more hours in 24 consecutive hours. In certain cases of necessity operators may remain on duty for 12 consecutive hours in 24 consecutive hours, but for not more than three days in any calendar month. A company and an operator may agree to a

longer day than eight hours but not for more than 12 consecutive hours in 24 consecutive hours. (1907, c. 59.)

Wisconsin.

No child under 16 shall be employed or permitted to work for wages at any gainful occupation more than 55 hours a week, 10 hours a day, or six days a week, or between 6 P.M. and 7 A.M., except when necessary to prevent serious damage to perishable goods. These provisions shall not apply to any child carrying newspapers between 4 A.M. and 6 A.M. and 4 P.M. and 6 P.M. if not in violation of legal requirements as to school attendance, or to any child between 14 and 16 employed in any store between 6 A.M. and 9 P.M., provided such child shall not be employed for more than 10 hours a day, or more than six days or 55 hours a week. (1907, c. 523.)

No person under 18 shall be employed or permitted to work in a cigar shop or a cigar factory at manufacturing cigars more than eight hours a day or 48 hours a week. (Acts 1899, c. 79, § 6.)

No child under 18 and no woman shall be compelled to work more than 8 hours a day in any manufactory, workshop, or other place used for mechanical or manufacturing purposes. No child between 12 and 14 shall be employed in any such place more than seven months in any one year. (Ann. St., 1898, c. 83, § 1728.)

No operator (including train dispatcher) engaged in the movement of trains under what is known as the "block system" (defined in the act) shall be required or permitted to remain on duty for more than eight consecutive hours or to again go on duty after having been on duty for eight consecutive hours until he shall have had at least 16 consecutive hours off duty ir 24 hours, except in case of casualty when such operator may be required or permitted to be on duty for not more than 12 consecutive hours in 24 hours on not more than three consecutive days. (1907, c. 575.)

Wyoming.

Eight hours shall constitute a day's work for all miners and laborers employed in coal mines except in cases of emergency, in which cases extra compensation shall be paid for overtime, but such overtime shall not include time spent in going to and from work. (Rev. St., 1899, Title 18, §§ 2586, 2588.)

United States.

The service and employment of all laborers and mechanics employed by the Government of the United States, by the District of Columbia, or by any contractor or subcontractor upon any of the public works of the United States or of the District of Columbia, shall not exceed eight hours in any calendar day except in case of extraordinary emergency. (Comp. St., 1901, Title 43A, p. 2521, § 1.)

No employee concerned with the movement of any train (of any common carrier engaged in interstate commerce) who shall have been continuously on duty for 16 hours shall be required or permitted to again go on duty, until he shall have had at least 10 consecutive hours off duty, and no such employee who shall have been on duty for 16 hours in the aggregate in any 24 hours shall be required or permitted to again go on duty until he shall have had at least eight consecutive hours off duty. No operator, train dispatcher, or other employee, who, by telegraph or telephone, receives or transmits orders pertaining to train movements, shall be required or permitted to remain on duty for more than nine hours in 24 in any tower, office, station, or other place continuously operated night and day, or for more than 13 hours in 24 in any such place operated only during the daytime, except in case of emergency, in which case such employee may be permitted to remain on duty for four additional hours in 24, but on not more than three days in any week. The Interstate Commerce Commission may extend the period within which the above provisions shall become operative in certain instances. The provisions shall not apply in case of casualty; unavoidable accident, in cases of delay, the cause of which could not be foreseen at the time when a particular employee left a terminal; or to the crews of wrecking or relief trains. (19061907, c. 2939, §§ 2, 3.)

Letter carriers may be required to work as nearly as practicable only eight hours on each working day, but not in any event exceeding 48 hours during the six working days of each week; and such number of hours on Sunday, not exceeding eight, as may be required by the needs of the service; and if a legal holiday shall occur on any working day, the service performed on said day, if less than eight hours, shall be counted as eight hours without regard

In preparing the foregoing matter in this Bulletin, the Bureau has endeavored to furnish certain comparative surveys of labor legislation in the several States, which may prove of interest to the citizens of this Commonwealth. The work thus undertaken is in recognition of the urgent and general demand for codification of the labor laws of the several States. their industrial activity the States are so intimately related that, in the passage by any State of any new law affecting its industries, the measures already adopted by other States must be taken into consideration.

In

Recognizing the volume and diversity of labor legislation passed by the several States of the United States, certain public departments and private associations have attempted in a measure to codify the existing laws relative to certain matters immediately affecting workingmen. Thus it has been the practice of the United States Bureau of Labor to publish from time to time a digest, or quotations in full, of existing legislation on various topics of this nature, and also to furnish at regular intervals a cumulative index showing the labor legislation already passed. There has recently appeared as Senate Document No. 207, of the 60th Congress, First Session, a compilation of existing State laws regulating the liability of employers for injury to employees, prepared by the United States Bureau of Labor. In that document, the laws, together with the more important court decisions relating thereto, are arranged under the several States, and the matter relative to Massachusetts may readily be

Various National, State, and local associations have undertaken the task of compiling the existing legislation on various subjects. As an example may be mentioned the several digests of legislation on the subject of child labor issued by the National Child Labor Committee. This committee, through its secretaries, has now in preparation a chart showing in general outline the legal restrictions on child labor in certain sections of the country.

Another important contribution to the subject of labor legislation is the report on "The Labor Legislation of Connecticut" prepared by Alba M. Edwards, Ph.D., and published in August, 1907, by the American Economic Association.

The references to comparative legislation on topics of labor legislation above given are by no means exhaustive, but those referred to may be considered as of

1898. Bound in cloth, postage 15 cents. This report contains a special report on Unemployment, and Labor Chronology for the year 1893; this latter will be mailed separately for 5 cents.

1896. Bound in cloth, postage 15 cents. Contains, I. Social and Industrial Changes In the County of Barnstable (postage 5 c.); II. Graded Weekly Wages, 1810-1891, second part (postage 10 c.); III. Labor Chronology for 1896 (postage 5 c.).

1897. Bound in cloth, postage 15 cents. Contains, I. Comparative Wages and Prices, 1860-1897 (postage 5 c.); II. Graded Weekly Wages, 1810-1891, third part (postage 10 c.); III. Labor Chronology for 1897 (postage 5 c.).

1898. Bound in cloth, postage 25 cents. Contains, I. Sunday Labor (postage 5 c.); II. Graded Weekly Wages, 1810-1891, fourth part (postage 15 c.); III. Labor Chronology for 1898 (postage 5 c.).

1899. Bound in cloth, postage 15 cents. Contains, I. Changes in Conducting Retail Trade in Boston since 1874 (postage 5 c.); II. Labor Chronology for 1899 (postage 10 c.).

1900. Bound in cloth, postage 25 cents. Contains, I. Population of Massachusetts in 1900; II. The Insurance of Workingmen (postage 10 c.); III. Graded Prices, 18161891 (postage 15 c.).

1903. Bound in cloth, postage 15 cents. Contains, I. Race in Industry (postage 5 c.); II. Free Employment Offices in the United

States and Foreign Countries (postage 5 c.); III. Social and Industrial Condition of the Negro in Massachusetts (postage 5 c.); IV. Labor and Industrial Chronology for 1908 (postage 5 c.).

1905. Bound in cloth, postage 20 cents. Contains, I. Industrial Education of Working Girls (postage 5 c.); II. Cotton Manufactures in Massachusetts and the Southern States (postage 5 c.); III. Old-age Pensions (postage 5 c.); IV. Industrial Opportunities not yet Utilized in Massachusetts (postage 5 c.); V. Statistics of Manufactures: 19031904 (postage 5 c.); VI. Labor and Indus. trial Chronology (postage 5 c.).

1906. Bound in cloth, postage 20 cents. Contains, I. The Apprenticeship System (postage 5 c.); II. Trained and Supplemental Employees for Domestic Service (postage 5 c.); III. The Incorporation of Trade Unions (postage 5 c.); IV. Statistics of Manufactures: 1904-1905 (postage 5 c.); V. Labor Laws of Massachusetts (postage 5 c.); VI. Labor and Industrial Chronology (postage 10 c.).

1907. Part I. Strikes and Lockouts in Massachusetts, 1906 (postage 5 c.); Part II. Recent British Legislation (postage 7 c.); Part III. Industrial Opportunities not yet Utilized in Massachusetts [second report] (postage 5 c.); Part IV. Annual Statistics of Manufactures-Comparisons for 1905 and 1906 (postage 5 c.); Part V. First Annual Report of the State Free Employment Offices (postage 5 c.).

Publication begun in 1886, but all volumes previous to 1893 (and 1901) are now out of print. Each volume contains comparisons, for identical establishments, between two or more years as to Capital Devoted to Production, Goods Made and Work Done, Stock and Materials Used, Persons Employed, Wages Paid, Time in Operation, and Pro portion of Business Done. Beginning with the year 1904, the Annual Report on the Statistics of Manufactures was discontinued

as a separate volume and now forms a part of the Report on Labor.

The volumes remaining in print are given below, the figures in parentheses indicating the amount of postage:

1893 (15 c.); 1894 (15 c.); 1895 (15 c.); 1896 (10 c.); 1897 (10 c.); 1898 (15 c.), contains also a historical report on the Textile Industries; 1899 (10 c.); 1900 (10 c.); 1902 (10 c.); 1903 (10 c.).

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No. 42, July, 1906. Non-Collectable Indebtedness - Pawnbrokers' Pledges Hours of Labor in Certain Occupations Labor Legislation in 1906 - Current Comment on Labor Questions: The Inheritance Tax-Industrial Information - Industrial Agreements -Trade Union Notes-Recent

Legal Labor Decisions-Excerpts Relating to Labor, Industrial, Sociological, and Gen. eral Matters of Public Interest- --Statistical Abstracts.

No. 46, February, 1907. Unemploy. ment in Massachusetts-State Free Employment Office - Insurance against Unemployment in Foreign Countries-The Metropolitan District - Population: Boston and Massachusetts - Labor Legislation; United States and Canada, 1906- Industrial Agreements Excerpts Statistical Abstracts Industrial Information.

No. 50, June, 1907. Manufactures: Massachusetts and Other States, No. 3, Com. parison by States-Changes in Rates of Wages and Hours of Labor in Massachusetts, 1906-Free Employment Offices - Estimated Population of Massachusetts Cities, 1906-1910-Trade Unions in Foreign Coun. tries-Quarterly Record of Strikes and Lockouts-Trade Union Notes- Industrial Agreements Recent Court Decisions Relating to Labor - Excerpts-Statistical Abstracts-Industrial Information-Index to Bulletins Nos. 45 to 50.

No. 51, July-August, 1907. The Place of Birth of the Inhabitants of Massachusetts-The Place of Birth of the Inhabitants of the City of Boston-Massachusetts Forestry-The Deaf, by Herbert B. Lang, M.D.-Wage Agreements in Fall River Cotton Mills-Labor Legislation in Massachusetts, 1907- Help Wanted in New England's Cotton Mills-Free Employ. ment Offices in Foreign CountriesMunicipal Pawnshops in France and Germany - Employees' Mutual Benefit Associations in Massachusetts, 1906- Move

No. 56, January, 1908. Editorial Review Conciliation in British Trade Disputes--The Immigrant Population of Massachusetts Employers' Associations Extracts from the Constitution of the State of Oklahoma - Recent Court Decisions Affecting Labor - The Industrial WorldMassachusetts Monthly Statistical Reports.

No. 57, February, 1908. The Unemployment Situation in Massachusetts - Recent Cases under the Canadian Industrial Disputes Investigation Act-The Industrial World.

No. 58, March, 1908. Labor Legisla tion in the United States, 1907- Massachu. setts Labor Legislation, 1907-Legal Hours of Labor in the United States-Comparative Surveys of Labor Legislation.

A Manual of Distributive Co-operation1885 (postage 5 c.).

Reports of the Annual Convention of the National Association of Officials of Bureaus

of Labor Statistics in America-1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, and 1907 (postage 5 cents each).