per 1,000 of the population, while the rate of this last April is only 16.96 per 1,000. The difference represents, among other things, the greater vital resistance of the present generation as a result of years of improving sanitary conditions and environments, and much also is due to the improvement in medical skill and practice which has been made during the last thirty years.

Only pneumonia remains as the opprobrium of the medical profession. Its treatment, notwithstanding more than one vaunted anti-pneumococci serum, is as unsatisfactory as ever, while its increasing ravages make all other acute infectious diseases relatively insignificant.

Of the total of 2,628 deaths for the month, 604 were caused by pneumonia and only 283 by "the great white plague." This is an excess of 113.4 per cent. of pneumonia deaths over consumption deaths, and while the deaths from consumption have increased 30.4 per cent. in actual numbers over those of April, 1902, the deaths from pneumonia have increased 41.1 per cent. this April over last.

INDIANA. The State Board Bulletin for March shows there were 2,959 deaths in March, a rate of 13.8. In the corresponding month of last year the rate was 14.2. Deaths by important causes were: Pulmonary tuberculosis, 384; other forms of tuberculosis, 48; typhoid fever, 55; diphtheria, 25; scarlet fever, 11; measles, 7; whooping cough, 24; pneumonia, 402; diarrhoeal diseases, 21; cerebrospinal meningitis, 18; influenza, 88; puerperal fever, II; cancer, 92; violence, 120; smallpox, 28. As compared with the corresponding month of last year an increase appears in influenza and violence. In all other diseases there is a decrease. Of the total deaths, 438, or 15 per cent., were under one year of age, and 797, or 28.8 per cent., were 65 and over.

Morbidity. The order of diseases prevalence was as follows: Influenza, smallpox, rheumatism, bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, pleuritis, measles, typhoid fever, whooping cough, intermittent fever, erysipelas, diphtheria and croup, diarrhoea, inflammation of bowels, puerperal fever, dysentery, cerebrospinal meningitis, cholera infantum, and cholera morbus.

Smallpox.-873 cases of smallpox with 28 deaths were reported in 54 counties. In comparison with March of 1902, there was an increase of 30 per cent. in area invaded, of 4 per cent. in number of cases, and 1300 per cent. in deaths.

MASSACHUSETTS.-Boston, 594,246. Statement of deaths for February, 1903, 950-239 under five years of age. Death rate, 19.18.-Principal causes of death: Whooping cough, 18; diphtheria, 13; grippe, 33; tubercle of the lungs, 103; cancer, 37; cerebral congestion and hemorrhage, 52; organic diseases of the heart, 89; bronchitis, 36; broncho-pneumonia, 56; pneumonia, 96; nephritis, 31; Bright's disease, 23; senile debility, 20.-Cases of Infectious diseases reported: Chickenpox, 23; cerebrospinal meningitis, 3; diphtheria and croup, 123; tuberculosis, 74; measles, 54; scarlatina, 121; smallpox, 20; typhoid fever, 33.

MICHIGAN.-Report of vital statistics for 1900. The principal facts summarized are:

From pulmonary tuberculosis there were 2,018 deaths, corresponding to a death rate of 83.4 per 1,000 of population-a considerable decrease from 1899-1898, 2,018, 2,098 and 2,153, respectively, dropping per 100,000 population from 91.6 in 1898 to 87.9 in 1899, and, as stated, to 83.4 in 1900.

MINNESOTA.-Minneapolis, 240,000. Registry of deaths for March, 1903: Deaths, 238-516 under five years; annual death rate, 11.7. Deaths from typhoid fever, 19; tubercle of the lungs, 30; other forms of tuberculosis, 4; diphtheria and croup, 2; smallpox, 2; cancer, 15: pneumonia and broncho-pneumonia, 37; Bright's disease, 19.

St. Paul, 175.000.-Report for March, 1903: Deaths, 17540 under five years; death rate, 12.0; deaths from typhoid fever, 3; diphtheria, I; tuberculosis of the lungs, 12; tuberculosis, 24; la grippe, 4; smallpox, 1; nephritis, 10; pneumonia and bronchopneumonia, 31; cancer, 8.

MISSOURI.-St. Louis, 645,000—40,000 colored. Report for March, 1903: Total deaths from all causes, 1,071—252 under 5

years; death rate, white, 18.54; colored, 40.8: 29.31. Deaths from smallpox, I; measles, 17; scarlatina, 5; diphtheria and croup, 16; whooping cough, 10; typhoid fever, 20; phthisis, 114; bronchitis, 43; pneumonia, 148; Bright's disease and nephritis, 39: cancer, 40; senility, 58; violence, 67.

For the year ending March 31, 1903: Population, 520,000. Deaths, 10,303-3.548 under 5 years. Death rate, 19.08.-Deaths from measles, 26; scarlatina, 79; diphtheria and croup, 371; whooping cough, 34; typhoid fever, 215; diarrhoeal diseases, 681– 570 under five years; phthisis, 984-9.7 per cent. of total mortality; pneumonia, 879-8.5 per cent. of total mortality.

(Jersey City and environs), Total deaths, 656-180 under

NEW JERSEY.-Hudson County 421,692. Report for March, 1903: 5 years. Death rate, 18.7. Deaths from scarlet fever, 3; diphtheria and croup, 18; whooping cough, 2; typhoid fever, 1: phthisis, 84; bronchitis, 12; pneumonia, 121; still births, 63.

For the year 1902 (409,810): Deaths, 7,486-2,666 under 5. Death rate, 18.3. Deaths from smallpox, 15.1; measles, 30; scarlatina, 64; croup and diphtheria, 242; whooping cough, 48; typhoid fever, 61; malarial fevers, 16; diarrhoeal diseases, 219; cerebrospinal fever, 2: all zymotic diseases, 1,003.-Marasmus, 226; phthisis, 793; bronchitis, 189; pneumonia, 881; la grippe, 6; railroad injuries, 102; drowned, 60; violence (total suicides and accidents) 399; still births, 167.

Newark, 266,000. Report for the week ending May 2: Deaths, 102-27 under 5 years; death rate, 19.94. Deaths from scarlet fever, I; la grippe, 1; phthisis, 18; cancer, 3.-Contagious and infectious diseases reported: Diphtherian-croup, 14: scarlet fever, 8; typhoid fever, 8; cancer, 3.

OHIO.-Sixteenth annual report of the State Board, for the year ending Oct. 31, 1901.-The leading subject is on the smallpox epidemic, of which THE SANITARIAN maintained contemporary trace by abstracts from the Board's bulletins for the period. -The statistical reports of local boards of health summed up are for the calendar year ending December, 1901. The total number of cases of smallpox reported for the year was 4,880, with 58 deaths. Excepting Cleveland, the bulk of the cases occurred in villages and rural districts where vaccination had been neglected and the authorities were not prepared to promptly deal with first cases. The total number of deaths reported from all causes (ex

clusive of 2,349 still births) was 34,447-7,337 under five years. The population (census 1900) was 2,737,504: death rate, 12.59. Deaths reported from zymotic diseases, 5,856: 16.9 per cent. of total mortality. Of this, 1,143, equal to 3.3 per cent. of the total mortality, was from typhoid fever. From consumption the total number of deaths reported was 3,632: 10.5 per cent of the total mortality. From bronchitis, pleurisy and pneumonia there were 3,949 deaths: 11.5 per cent. of the total mortality. Appended is the Fifth Report of the Investigation of the Rivers of Ohio as Sources of Water Supplies: 150 pages with charts and diagrams, comprising information of great importance and practical utility to the authorities of the cities and towns throughout the State, who would understand the danger of polluted drinking water and how to prevent it.

OREGON. The recently appointed State Board of Health, consisting of Drs. A. C. Smith, Harry Lane and Woods Hutchinson, of Portland; Dr. J. C. Smith, of Pendleton; Dr. Alfred Kinney, of Astoria; Dr. J. B. Pickel, of Medford, and Dr. E. A. Pierce, of Salem, held its first meeting at Saiem, March 14, and organized by the election of Dr. A. C. Smith, president; Dr. Alfred Kinney, vice-president, and Dr. Woods Hutchinson, secretary and State health officer.

PENNSYLVANIA.-Philadelphia, 1.349,712. Report for week ended April 25, 1903: Deaths, 526–132 under five years. Deaths from consumption. 73; pneumonia, 70; nephritis, 18; heart diseases, 45; typhoid fever, 18; diphtheria, 14; whooping cough, 10; smallpox, I; cancer, 21.

Pittsburg, 354,000. Report of the Bureau of Health for week ended May 2, 1903: Deaths, 161--54 under five years; annual death rate, 23.65. Deaths from typhoid fever, 10; whooping cough, 5; diphtheria and croup, 4; measles, 3; smallpox, 5: tuberculosis, 15; pneumonia, 17: bronchitis, 6; cancer, 4.

Cases of infectious diseases reported: Smallpox, 24: diphtheria and croup, 13; scarlet fever, 21; typhoid fever, 56; cerebrospinal fever, I.

PORTO RICO, 953.947. Superior Board of Health reports for March, 1903: Total deaths, 1,950–706 under five years. Death rate, 22.2; still births, 98. Deaths from cerebrospinal fever, 22; diphtheria, 4; typhoid fever, 5: pneumonia, 52; grippe, 14; puerperal fever, 10; diarrheal diseases, 15: anemia, 507; bronchitis,

68; tuberculosis, 132; heart diseases, 37; accidents and violence,

21.

WASHINGTON.-Seattle, 115,000. Report for March, 1903: Total number of deaths, 86-7 under five years. Death rate, 8.88. Deaths from pulmonary consumption, II; pneumonia, II; typhoid fever, 4; heart disease, 4; Bright's disease, 6.

CUBA. Havana and environs, 275,000-72,000 colored. Report for March, 1903: Total number of deaths, 436, 9 less than in the previous month. Death rate, 20.44. No case of yellow fever, imported or otherwise, has been recorded since February. With the present month of March eighteen months have been completed since a case of yellow fever has originated within the territory of the Cuban Republic, notwithstanding the introduction of eight cases imported from Veracruz, Tampico or Progreso. Deaths from tuberculosis, 89; bronchitis, 17; broncho-pneumonia, 18; pneumonia, 9; infantile diarrhoea, 27; Bright's disease, 11; cancer, 15.

PHILIPPINES. Both plague and cholera on most recent reports are on the increase. Of the former there were in Manila, during the month of February, 18 cases and 13 deaths. Cholera is most prevalent in the southern portion of Luzon and in the southern islands at many points.

FREE TREATMENT FOR EYE DISEASES IN RUSSIA.-Commercial Agent R. T. Greener writes from Vladivostock, February 15, 1903 A Russian charitable association is sending out traveling parties of oculists to render free assistance to persons of small means. During the three months of one party's stay at Habarofsk and Vladivostock, 504 persons received free treatment and 164 operations on eyes were performed.

MINERAL LAKE IN SIBERIA. Commercial Agent R. T. Greener writes from Vladivostock, October 8, 1902: About fifteen miles from Ujoora, in the Atchinsk district, is situated a small lake, Utchoom by name, the waters of which have been found to contain curative properties. They are especially efficacious in the cure of wounds, rheumatism, scrofula, catarrh, skin diseases, and nervous disorders. The water is of a bitter, salty taste.