sion of Queen Mary to a religious reaction, 253; his graphic account of her reign, 254; his unjust de- nunciation of Cardinal Pole, ib.; his intended panegyric of Eliza- beth reversed by his discoveries at Simancas, 261; his secular treat- ment of religious questions, 263; extenuates Elizabeth's dishonesty towards the Scotch, 265; his severe criticisms of the Irish, 269; his eulogy of the Spanish, 271; his misstatement as to Thomas Cobham's punishment, 272; his contrast of Elizabeth with Mary Stuart, 273; his story of Cecil's proposal to dethrone Elizabeth admitted to be a mistake, 274; his portrait of Mary Stuart, 275; his partial criticism of the charges against her, 276; attractiveness of his style, 278; his proneness to pictorial effect, ib.
Froude (James Anthony), his 'His- tory of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Eliza- beth,' Vols. III. IV., cxxiv. 476; his wealth of unpublished MSS., ib.; his voluminousness, 478; his spirit of advocacy against Mary, Queen of Scots, 480; on her share in Darnley's murder, ib. and note; on her letters to Bothwell, 483 note; personal sketches of her, 485; his favourable estimate of Elizabeth's conduct, 486; eulogy of the Regent Murray, 495; on the influence of the Reformation, 496; his unjust treatment of the Church of England, 499; partiality for Puritanism, ib.; his speculations on an alliance with France, 505; surrenders the defence of Eliza- beth's conduct towards Mary, 509; summary of his leading cha- racters, 510
view of history, b.; his skill in delineation, 2; indifference to ju- dicial impartiality, ib.; omissions in his reign of Elizabeth, 3; seve- rities against Catholics justified by him, 4; harsh criticism of Mary Stuart, 5; severe estimate of Elizabeth, 7 ; credits her with personal courage. 10; his sympathy with the Irish, 13; his revival of Irish wrongs, 15; views of the rebellion, ib.; imputes Catholic sympathies to Elizabeth, 16; de- nunciation of Campian and Par- sons, 18, 20; justifies Mary's exe- cution, 34; sketch of England in 1587, 35; his splendid account of the Spanish Armada, 36; abrupt close of his narrative, 38 Froude (James Anthony), his 'Eng- lish in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century,' Vol. I., cxxxvii. 122; fas- cinating eloquence of his narrative, 124; a disciple of Mr. Carlyle's doc- trine of force, 125; his theory of English domination condemned, 126; his appreciation of Irish cha- racter, 128; his retort to Father Burke at New York, 130 note; unfairly accused of misrepresen- tation, 131 note; defends Catho- lic disabilities under Elizabeth, 132; his advocacy of coercion after 1641, 138; his charges against Irish Anglicanism, 139; his expo- sure of English misgovernment, 147; Cromwellian sympathies, 148; his recent lectures in America on English rule in Ireland, 151
his English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century,' Vols. II. III., cxxxix. 468; his ex- posure of native misgovernment, 469; his impartial judgments, 470; objections to advocacy in previous volume not sustained in these, 471; his matchless pictures of Irish life, ib.; Lord Townshend's viceroyalty, 472; Parliamentary
corruption, 473; his contempt of 'equality and miscalled liberty' compared with Carlyle's, ib.; his passion for strong governments, 475; his theory applied to Ireland, 477; relations of landlords and tenants, 479; account of the Whiteboys, 482; his panegyric of the charter-schools, 486; account of the United Irishmen, 491; Lord Downsbire and his 'friend,' 493 Froude (Hurrell), compared with Keble, cxxxii. 389
Fuchs (Dr.), his use of stereochrome
in frescoes, cxxiii. 23
Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of (1811), the Duke of Wellington's remarks on, cxvi. 65
Fulda, declaration of German bishops at, on the Ecumenical Council, cxxx. 602 note
protest of Catholic bishops at, against the Falk laws, cxxxix. 380
Fungi, publications on edible kinds
of, cxxix. 333; prejudices against, ib.; varieties of, 334; forms and colours of, ib.; the Phal'us impudicus or stinkhorn, 335; parasitic growth of, not confined to decayed matter, 336; the Coprini, ib.; instances of rapid growth, 337; stones displaced by toadstools, ib. ; the Antennaria cellaris, 338; Dr. Badham on their destructive effects, 339 phosphorescence of, 340; allusions to, in the Talmud, 341; and in classic authors, ib.; the 'boletus' of the Romans, ib.; inspection of, in modern Rome, 342; large consumption of, in Russia, 343; poisonous fly-ageries, 345; detection of poisonous kinds, 346; a silver spoon no test, 347; the common mushroom excluded from
Italian markets, 347; alleged cases of poisoning thereby, ib. ; narcotic effects of fungus-poison, 348; chemical properties of, 349 ; amanatin, ib.; edible kinds should be eaten fresh, ib.; the large horsemushroom, 350; the Agaricus personatus or Blewits, 351; Agaricus procerus, or 'parasol' agaric, ib.; receipts for dressing the Chantarelle, 352; which must not be mistaken for the Agaricus aurantiacus, ib. ; the genus Russula unwholesome, 353; the fairy-ring champignons are edible, ib. ; fungi similar thereto, ib.; the Boletus edulis, 354; the Ag. nebularis, ib.; eatable puff-balls, 355; receipt for puff-ball omelette, ib.; excellence of the giant puff-ball, ib.; the liver fungus on old oak-trees, 356; St. George's mushroom, 357; Ag. rubescens and Ag. ostreatus, 358; oyster-fungus, 359; the hedgehog mushroom, ib.; the morel, 360; Helvella and Clavariæ, 361; truffles, ib.; the truffle-hunting dog, 362; recent exhibition of edible fungi, 364; their use as an article of popular diet, 365
Furniss (Rev. J.), his infamous book on the 'Sight of Hell,' cxxx. 327 Furnivall (Mr. F. J.), his preface to Chaucer, cxxxii. 1; exertions for the Chaucer Society, 6, 7 Fuseli (Henry, about 1739-1825), his detraction of schools of art, cxviii. 484
Futteh Mahomed, driven from
Balkh by Abdool Rehman, cxxv. 25; joins Shere Ali, 28 Future existence, belief in, not identical with a belief in immortality, cxxxix. 436 note
GABLENTZ (Austrian general), his dearly-bought victory at Trautenau in 1866, cxxv. 374; surprised by the Prussians, 375; his defeat at Alt-Rognitz, 376
Gaddi (Taddeo, b. about 1300), his paintings criticised, cxxii. 93 Gainsborough (Thomas, 1737-1788), ceased to exhibit at the Royal Academy after 1784, from his pic- ture being hung too low, cxviii. 495
Gairdner (James), his 'Memorials of
Richard III. and Henry VII.,' cxxi. 200; papers relating to Richard, 201, 204; his suspicions as to Perkin Warbeck, 205; his criticism of Bacon's account, ib. 206; on the murder of the Princes in the Tower, 207; documents re- lating to the Earl of Suffolk, 215; excessive bulk of his work, 222 Galatia, the churches of, cxxxi. 481 Galilei (Galileo, 1564-1642), his theory of the solar constitution, cxvi. 315
joint of his back-bone in museum at Padua, cxxiv. 364
the founder of rational me- chanics, cxxvii. 104; his discove- ries of the nature of sound, ib. his discovery of Saturn's 'ring, exl. 422 Galton (Francis), his 'Meteorogra- phica,' exxiv. 51; his competence and zeal in his subject, 61 note
his work on Hereditary Genius, exxxii. 100; on the decay of peerage families, 103; ascribes it partly to intermarriage with heiresses, 104; his system of proof, 106; great men classified by reputation and merit, 108; his grades of ability,' ib.; notation of
kindred and tables,' ib.; his law of 'deviation from an average,' 109 his misconception of popular pre- judice, ib.; disregard of social in- fluences on success in life, 110; his proportion of eminent men to the population, 111; analysis of judges' relations, ib.; his conclu- sions modified, 112; his fanciful theories of oarsmen and wrestlers, 113; his too minute tabulation, 114; loose application of the word 'genius,' 115; overdrawn theory as to distinguished kinships, 121; influence of parents compared, ib. Galvanic battery, its employment in submarine blasting, cxxiv. 203 and note
Galvanometer, invention of, by Sir W. Thompson, cxxxii. 232 Gama (Vasco de, 1450-1524), his triumphant voyage to Calicut round the Cape, cxxviii. 229 Gambetta (M.), represents the Go-
vernment of National Defence at Tours, cxxxiii. 28; his revolutio- nary energy, ib.; opposes the election of a National Assembly, ib.; his temporary ascendency, 29 Game Laws, popular doctrine of feræ naturæ, cxxviii. 546; their provisions stated, 547; associated with old forest laws, 548; the tenant's grievance, 549
large number of recent con- victions, cxxxiv. 392; party in- difference to, in Parliament, ib.; one-sided views of, ib.; increasing evil of petty poaching, 393; Mr. Taylor's Bill for abolition of, ib. ; question of feræ naturæ, ib.; most important game not 'wild animals' at all, 394; pheasants and par- tridges, 395; hares and rabbits,
396; value of game as food for the people, 397; argument of de- moralising influence of temptation, 398; Reports on, in the Colonies, 399; Scotch feeling at the elec- tion of 1868, 400; Mr. Loch's Bill, ib.; Lord Advocate's Bill, 402; proposed assimilation of Scotch and English laws, ib.; criminal side of the question, 403; game should be made Property, 405; difficulty of identification examined, ib.; question of damage, 406; altered conditions of sport, 408, 409
Ganges Canal, the, cxvii. 21
its enormous importance, cxix. 124; strictures of Sir Arthur Cotton on, 132 Garnets, mineralogical group of, cxxiv. 246; supposed etymology of, ib.; varieties of, ib.; use of, in Etruscan gems, 551
Garter, Order of the, fiction of the
Countess of Salisbury, cxxiv. 366 and note
Gas, expansion of, by heat, ex- plained, cxxx. 144; absorptive properties of, 145
Gases, molecular mobility of, cxxxiii. 158; magnitude of atoms in,
Gaul (ancient), evidences of Iron Age in, cxxxii. 477, 479 Gauss (Carl Friedrich, 1777-1855), his improvements in magnetic in- struments, cxxxvi. 413; his work on terrestrial magnetism, 428 'Gebir,' poem by Landor, cxxx. 225 Geese, foreign varieties of, in England, cxi. 186
Gelee, Claude. See Claude, Lorraine Gellius (Aulus, second century), de-
poses to having seen the original MSS. of Virgil, cxxiv. 354 Gems, talismanic influence of, cxxiv.
230; the terms applied to intaglio and cameos, 511, 512; dactylo- theca of Mithridates, 513; collec- tions of, in ancient Rome, b.; dis- coveries at Kertch, ib.; Byzantine specimens, 514; intaglio work on rock crystal of the tenth century, ib.; art of engraving encouraged by Lorenzo de' Medici, 515; later progress of the art, ib.; manufac- ture of quasi-antiques, 516; col- lections of the last century, 517; Cinque-cento cameos, ib.; Greek and Roman cameos, 518; modern cameos undercut, ib. ; anecdote of Payne Knight and Pistrucci, 519; Lord Arundel's specimens, 520; Christian interpretations of pagan myths on gems, ib.; public col- lections of, in Europe, 521; Blen- heim and Devonshire collections, 522; gems at Castle Howard, ib. ; French collectors, 523; modern and ancient modes of gem-engrav- ing, ib., 524; introduction of the wheel, ib.; scaraboid chalcedony at St. Petersburg, 525; tests of genuineness, ib.; use of lenses, 526; gem-signets, 527; cylinders, 528- 532; Assyrian stamp-seals, 533; Asiatic gems after Alexander, 534; stamps of the Sassanian period, ib.; beetle-stone or scarabæus, ib. 540; Etruscan gems, 539; specimens thereof, 543; the Theseus at St.
Petersburg, ib.; gems in finger- rings, 544; superiority of Greek work, ib.; the Marlborough Hermes, 546; Greek and Greco- Roman gems compared, 547; sim- plicity of Greek design, ib.; va- rieties of minerals used, 551, 552
Genealogy, historical importance of
the study of, cxxi. 328; the 'Herald and Genealogist,' 336; looseness of, in Scotland, 340 Genappe, brilliant cavalry charge at, cxvii. 163
Genesis, Book of, theory of its double
Geneva, early history of, cxxxi. 130;
sketch of, at the Reformation, 131; character of the people changed by Calvinism, 133; civil and ecclesias- tical polity of, 138, 140
Lake of, ancient dwellings discovered in, cxvi. 159 Geneva Arbitration, the, cxxxv. 549; publication of the American 'Case,' ib.; their extravagant de- mands for the expenses of the war after Gettysburg, 550; onerous conditions of neutrality, ib.: American sympathy with Hun- gary in 1848, 552; obligations of neutrals defined by Wheaton, 553; acts complained of are those of Americans themselves, 554; the contest misrepresented, 555; de facto belligerency of the South, 556; the Alabama' claims, 557; English concessions at the Treaty of Washington overlooked, ib.; leading propositions in the 'Case,' ib.; rights of belligerents and neutrals, 558, 564; traffic of neu- trals in contraband, 565; unten- able demands thereupon, 567; Bynkershoek on enlistment, ib.; the Foreign Enlistment Act, 568; English recruiting in the Crimean War, 570; the American Foreign Enlistment Act, 571;
building of vessels in neutral ports construed into an act of hostility, 572; authority of Hautefeuille and Bluntschli, 574; case of the 'Santissima Trinidad,' b.; ques- tion of due diligence,' 576; real question for the arbitrators to decide, 577; the Treaty of Wash- ington, ib.; what is neutrality? 579; question of neutral trade, 580; consistent policy of Earl Russell, 583
Geneva Arbitration, the, proceed-
ings and award of the tribunal, CXxxvii. 264; final settlement of American claims, ib.; amount of English liability, ib.; English acquiescence in the verdict, b.; names of arbitrators and coun- sel, 265; rules laid down in Ar- ticle VI. of Treaty of Washing- ton, ib.; decision and protest of Sir A. Cockburn, 266; the plead- ings compared, 267; reasons for holding our liability a foregone conclusion, ib.; discussion on the Foreign Enlistment Act, ib. 268; and on 'due diligence,' 269; arbi- trators' construction of the rule thereon, 270; views on which the award proceeded, 271, 275; two propositions laid down as to liabi- lity of neutrals, ib.; American in- vectives rebuked by Sir A. Cock- burn, 276; his separate judgment, 277; his definition of base of ope- rations,' 280; his summary of inter- national law, ib.; application of rules to other Powers, 282; future position of neutral States left un- settled, 283; suggestions for settle- ment, ib.; future policy of Eng- land, ib. 293; results of the Arbi- tration, ib. Genius, use of the word in Macbeth,' CXXX. 97
hereditary influences on, cxxxii. 100 (see Galton, F.); va- rious attributes of, 122; common-
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