both a floor and a ceiling, as you know, not very much complaint can be made on this particular feature of it. Thank you.

Mr. O'NEAL. Thank you, Mr. Ford. I failed to do this yesterday. I failed to put in the record the Gallup poll, which I think is exceedingly accurate. I had a few friends who bet against it last year, and they were sorry they had. I think it is one of the finest private agencies we have in the United States. I sometimes have thought that maybe Congress ought to set up such an agency. I think that this agency gives a reflection of public sentiment.

They showed in their poll of September 12 that the farmers-and I would like to put it in the record here were very much for this price bill. It showed the different regions and how they voted. As a whole, 55 percent of them were for it. Twenty-eight percent were against it. Seventeen percent were undecided.

Fifty-four percent of the midwestern farmers were for it.
Fifty-five percent of all other farmers were for it.

I would like to put this in the record. I put in the labor question yesterday.

The CHAIRMAN. It may be inserted.

(The document referred to is as follows:)

[From Chicago Daily News of September 13, 1941]

THE GALLUP POLL

FARMERS FAVOR PRICE FIXING; CALL CROP PRICES "FAIR"

By Dr. George Gallup, Director, American Institute of Public Opinion PRINCETON, N. J., September 12.-With the administration's price control bill scheduled for early consideration in Congress, two outstanding facts about the attitude of farmers toward price control are revealed in a Nation-wide institute survey of farm sentiment.

1. Despite the efforts of the farm bloc to boost farm prices higher a small majority of farmers polled in the survey say that the price they are now getting for their crops is a fair price.

2. The majority of farmers are willing to have the Government fix the price of crops at the present level, provided the prices of the things farmers buy are also fixed at present levels.

The attitude of wage and salary earners toward price control was shown in a poll reported yesterday. It indicated that a large majority-62 percent of those polled-were willing to have wages frozen at the present level if prices were also fixed.

How the farmers feel about the situation is shown in the following results of the institute's survey among a cross section of farmers the Nation over: "Considering costs of production do you think that the price you are now getting for your chief cash crop or product is a fair price?

Consider price fair.

Consider price not fair.
Undecided...

Percent

52

34

14

"Would you be willing to have the Government keep prices where they are now on the things you sell, provided the Government also fixes the prices of the things you buy at the present level?"

No substantial difference of opinion on price fixing was found between Midwest farmers as a group, and farmers in the rest of the country. Midwestern farmers expressed more satisfaction with present crop prices than farmers elsewhere, but their attitude on price fixing was about the same.

Those farmers who consider crop prices unfair at present were oppoed is slight margin to price fixing, while those who said prices were far voed is pre fixing by a majority of 70 percent.

The farm attitude is well summarized in the statement of one farm wŽI back road in Montevallo, Ala.:

"Farmers are just now beginning to make a little something on their me if the Government would keep prices down that would help a lot." Another farmer expressed the general sentiment when he said:

"I'd rather give up the chance of a higher price for my crop if I could be st that clothing, groceries, and farm machinery won't go up. Suppose I make 27 money, but have to pay more money, too; I'd be no better off.

Mr. FORD. May I make just an additional observation there. M Chairman? On September 15 I left Washington and I drove up e Maine. Then I drove over to Vermont. went across the continent, clear out to Los Angeles, and then I came Then I came down i back.

In my rambling I stopped at a number of cities and some SEL towns. Whenever I had time I went around to the gas stations a the little stores and the little banks and drugstores on the corner, s the little restaurants, and I found that almost everybody who talked to me was interested in the price bill. thinking, as I could sense it from talking to just the type of people It is the general trend of we have here right inside our country. They all wanted Congress to do something about that price bill and get one through.

Now, whether they were thoroughly conversant with what this bill would do, it does not make any difference. The psychology of the Nation is for a price bill, and I think the sooner this Congress gets to it and passes such a bill, the better it will be for all concerned. Mr. O'NEAL. I agree with you.

Mr. FORD. I traveled 7,500 miles during that period.

Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Williams yesterday asked for a statement on the number of farmers, and I have that statement here. I have a break-down of the Department of Agriculture showing the farming areas' employment. It is a thorough break-down.

Is that explanation satisfactory, Mr. Congressman? Mr. WILLIAMS. I think so. the statement, it shows the number of persons engaged in agricultural As I understand it, from glancing over activity, family workers on one hand, and the hired workers on the other.

Mr. O'NEAL. That is right.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I was wondering if you had a break-down

Mr. O'NEAL. There are about 8,419,000 family workers. In other words, there is no other industry in America that can in any sense

mpare to the whole ownership, complete family operation, of an lustry. It is the great bulwark of the home and the home worker the United States today.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I had in mind not only the number that were enged in the two categories, but the relative proportions of hired rkers and family workers.

Mr. O'NEAL. Showing a percentage of each? It shows that hired rkers are only 26 percent throughout America. Then it breaks it wn into various regions.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I understand that is the relative proportion of orkers? Is that correct?

Mr. O'NEAL. That is total workers; yes.

Mr. WILLIAMS. That is all right, but in addition to that I had in ind what part of the agricultural output of the Nation was proiced by family workers as compared with the big farm owners who erated their farms with mechanized improvements and farm la›rers-in other words, more of a commercial business.

Mr. O'NEAL. I understand exactly. I do not know. I do not elieve I have ever seen that. The only thing I have seen is this. I member that Senator Vandenberg attacked the large parity payents and, as I recall, there was some break-down in that statement, owing how comparatively few in the field of cotton were the big orporation farmers. That is what you want. Dr. Tolley will give ou that when you ask him to come. I am sure he will.

Mr. WILLIAMS. That is all right. I think what you have should o into the record.

The CHAIRMAN. It may be inserted in the record. (The document referred to is as follows:)

TABLE 72.-Distribution of agricultural employment by major farming areas,

1924-291

Source: Eldon E. Shaw and John A. Hopkins, Trends in Employment in Agriculture, 1909-36, Works Project Administration N. R. P. Report No. A-8.

Approximate percentage. Number of workers in croppers' families estimated by multiplying total number of family workers in areas indicated by the percentage which croppers were of total farm operators in 1930, according to Census of Agriculture, 1935, vol. 1, State table 1. The numbers of workers so computed were then added to hired workers.

3 United States total includes 6 miscellaneous States not included in areas given.

Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930, Population, vol. IV, Occupations by States, State table 4,

p. 174.

Source: Changing Technology and Employment in Agriculture by John A. Hopkins, issued May 1941 by U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics.

Those farmers who consider crop prices unfair at present were opposed by a slight margin to price fixing, while those who said prices were fair voted for price fixing by a majority of 70 percent.

The farm attitude is well summarized in the statement of one farm wife on a back road in Montevallo, Ala.:

"Farmers are just now beginning to make a little something on their crops; if the Government would keep prices down that would help a lot." Another farmer expressed the general sentiment when he said:

"I'd rather give up the chance of a higher price for my crop if I could be sure that clothing, groceries, and farm machinery won't go up. Suppose I make more money, but have to pay more money, too; I'd be no better off."

Mr. FORD. May I make just an additional observation there, Mr. Chairman? On September 15 I left Washington and I drove up to Maine. Then I drove over to Vermont. Then I came down and went across the continent, clear out to Los Angeles, and then I came back.

In my rambling I stopped at a number of cities and some small towns. Whenever I had time I went around to the gas stations and the little stores and the little banks and drugstores on the corner, and the little restaurants, and I found that almost everybody who talked to me was interested in the price bill. It is the general trend of thinking, as I could sense it from talking to just the type of people we have here right inside our country. They all wanted Congress to do something about that price bill and get one through.

Now, whether they were thoroughly conversant with what this bill would do, it does not make any difference. The psychology of the Nation is for a price bill, and I think the sooner this Congress gets to it and passes such a bill, the better it will be for all concerned.

Mr. O'NEAL. I agree with you.

Mr. FORD. I traveled 7,500 miles during that period.

Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Williams yesterday asked for a statement on the number of farmers, and I have that statement here. I have a break-down of the Department of Agriculture showing the farming areas' employment. It is a thorough break-down.

Is that explanation satisfactory, Mr. Congressman?

Mr. WILLIAMS. I think so. As I understand it, from glancing over the statement, it shows the number of persons engaged in agricultural activity, family workers on one hand, and the hired workers on the other.

Mr. O'NEAL. That is right.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I was wondering if you had a break-down

Mr. O'NEAL. There are about 8,419,000 family workers. In other words, there is no other industry in America that can in any sense

compare to the whole ownership, complete family operation, of an industry. It is the great bulwark of the home and the home worker in the United States today.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I had in mind not only the number that were engaged in the two categories, but the relative proportions of hired workers and family workers.

Mr. O'NEAL. Showing a percentage of each? It shows that hired workers are only 26 percent throughout America. Then it breaks it down into various regions.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I understand that is the relative proportion of workers? Is that correct?

Mr. O'NEAL. That is total workers; yes.

Mr. WILLIAMS. That is all right, but in addition to that I had in mind what part of the agricultural output of the Nation was produced by family workers as compared with the big farm owners who operated their farms with mechanized improvements and farm laborers in other words, more of a commercial business.

Mr. O'NEAL. I understand exactly. I do not know. I do not believe I have ever seen that. The only thing I have seen is this. I remember that Senator Vandenberg attacked the large parity payments and, as I recall, there was some break-down in that statement, showing how comparatively few in the field of cotton were the big corporation farmers. That is what you want. Dr. Tolley will give you that when you ask him to come. I am sure he will.

Mr. WILLIAMS. That is all right. I think what you have should go into the record.

The CHAIRMAN. It may be inserted in the record.

(The document referred to is as follows:)

TABLE 72.-Distribution of agricultural employment by major farming areas,

Source: Eldon E. Shaw and John A. Hopkins, Trends in Employment in Agriculture, 1909-36, Works Project Administration N. R. P. Report No. A-8.

Approximate percentage. Number of workers in croppers' families estimated by multiplying total number of family workers in areas indicated by the percentage which croppers were of total farm operators in 1930, according to Census of Agriculture, 1935, vol. 1, State table 1. The numbers of workers so computed were then added to hired workers.

United States total includes 6 miscellaneous States not included in areas given.

Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930, Population, vol. IV, Occupations by States, State table 4,

p. 174.

Source: Changing Technology and Employment in Agriculture by John A. Hopkins, issued May 1941 by U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics.