Mr. WILLIAMS. Has there been an increasing number of disputes on account of jurisdictional or organizational questions?

Dr. LUBIN. I would say that there are fewer disputes because of jurisdictional matters than there were in 1937 and 1938. In terms of the actual number in recent months I would say that they are low, and probably lower than they were.

I have a table here for the first 7 months. In July there were 6 strikes, or 1.5 percent of the total number of strikes in that month which were due to jurisdictional factors. In terms of the workers involved, one-half of 1 percent of the people out on strike in July were out because of jurisdictional factors.

Mr. WILLIAMS. Take the organizational part of this, the number of closed or union shops and so on.

Dr. LUBIN. In closed and union shops there were 33 strikes in July. I do not have the figures for August. They have not been finally tabulated.

There were 8.2 percent of the strikes that were due to closed or union shops. They accounted for 6.6 percent of the workers involved in strikes in that month,

Mr. WILLIAMS. What was the cause of the rest of them? a list of all of them there?

Have you

Dr. LUBIN. I have a table showing the strikes. (Table 95.)

Mr. WILLIAMS. And the causes?

Dr. LUBIN. Yes. By causes. I can put that in the record if you

want me to.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I think that would be very helpful.

TABLE 95.—Strikes beginning in July 1941, by major issues involved, with cumulative figures for the period January to July 1941

It is probable that the figures here given do not include all jurisdictional strikes. Due to the local nature of these disputes, it is difficult for the Bureau to find out about all of them.

Dr. LUBIN. Thirty-eight percent were due to wages and hours. Eight percent were due to recognition as such.

Mr. WILLIAMS. What does that mean?

Dr. LUBIN. In other words, the men went out on strike and voted to have the union recognized.

Sixteen percent had union recognition and wages as the main issue, and recognition was a subsidiary issue. In most of these instances I think you will find that when the settlement was finally made, the wage issue was the real issue.

Mr. BROWN. What was that percent?

Dr. LUBIN. 16.7 of the total strikes. Sixty-seven strikes in all. I think that one thing that we have got to bear in mind is that when a union wants a wage increase, it frequently wants recognition also. In this case they want a 10-percent increase and they also wanted to be recognized.

Recognition is being held as a weapon. In other words, they say, "We are going to fight." I recall one instance, for example, where the union was offered 8 cents and union recognition and 10 cents without union recognition. It took the 10 cents without the recognition.

Mr. WILLIAMS. So frequently wages are only one of two elements involved?

Dr. LUBIN. Yes.

Three-tenths of 1 percent of the strikes had hours and recognition as the factors; 6.3 percent had wages and hours and recognition, that is, of the combined; 4 percent were due to discrimination. Men claimed that their members were being discriminated against, so they went out on strike. As I said before, 8.2 percent were due to closed or union shops. And then you have a whole series of miscellaneous factors, such as jurisdiction-all other causes combined. Mr. WILLIAMS. That table was compiled as of July?

Dr. LUBIN. As of July.

Mr. WILLIAMS. What period does it cover?

Dr. LUBIN. It just covers the month of July.

Mr. WILIAMS. Is that typical?

Dr. LUBIN. It covers also the 7 months from January to July. Mr. WILLIAMS. Does it give those 7 months?

Dr. LUBIN. Yes; it gives the July figures. It also has the 7 months

of the year ending July 31.

Mr. WILLIAMS. Do you have it compiled by months?

Dr. LUBIN. NO. I have a total for the 7 months, and I have the month of July by itself.

Mr. WILLIAMS. What I am trying to inquire is whether the figures you read were for the 7 months.

Dr. LUBIN. No. They represent only the month of July.

Mr. WILLIAMS. Let me ask if that is fairly typical of the whole situation-the month of July. Does that represent the picture in general, or is it exaggerated in some respects in July?

Dr. LUBIN. It might be exaggerated in some respects. However, in the case of jurisdictional disputes in July 1.5 percent of the strikes were due to jurisdiction. In the 7 months ending July 31, the per

cent was 1.9.

On the other hand, we find there have been some instances of changing importance. In other words, wages and hours and wage increases in July accounted for 33 percent of the strikes, whereas during the 7 months they accounted for 31 percent.

Mr. WILLIAMS. Have there been more strikes and more disputes during the 7 months previous to those 7 months than in the last 7 months or in the first 7 months of last year?

Dr. LUBIN. I do not have the figures for the first 7 months for last year, but I would say yes, there have.

Mr. WILLIAMS. What is the cause of that?

Dr. LUBIN. I would say that the cost of living had something to do with it.

I think that the general movement for increased wages that I discussed yesterday, starting last March, when the steel industry or the United States Steel Corporation was negotiating with the Steel Organizing Committee, had something to do with it. During those negotiations an independent nonunion manufacturer announced that he had increased wages 10 cents an hour, which meant that the United States Steel followed suit, which in turn meant that the other unions which were in that industry started a movement for increased wages; and in a great many instances the increases in wages were secured only after strikes.

Mr. MONRONEY. Was this settlement with the Ford Co. made without a strike?

Dr. LUBIN. Of course, there was a short strike in the Ford plant. Mr. MONRONEY. Not this year?

Dr. LUBIN. Yes; just before the settlement was made.

Mr. MONRONEY. What classification was that in?

Dr. LUBIN. Probably union recognition. Probably recognition and wages.

Mr. MONRONEY. Union recognition and wages?

Dr. LUBIN. Probably both. I don't know just how that figured, but they were probably both in there.

Mr. MILLS. Dr. Lubin, would it be possible for you to place in the record those two charts that you referred to?

Dr. LUBIN. I have already placed one of those charts in the record. In fact, those that I have referred to I have automatically put in the record.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I think all the tables that you refer to should be placed in the record.

Mr. SMITH. Mr. Chairman, at this point I would like to know if we could possibly have a break-down of the strikes with respect to wages and hours?

Dr. LUBIN. The wage increases in the month of July accounted for 33.7 percent.

Mr. WILLIAMS. For the 7 months?

Dr. LUBIN. For the 7 months they accounted for 31.4 percent. Wage increases plus hours accounted for 3.8 percent of strikes in July and 2.9 for the 7 months.

One-half of 1 percent of the strikes in July were against wages being cut or hours being raised; in other words, where the employer attempted to cut wages and the men went out on strike. That ac

Dr. LUBIN. Thirty-eight percent were due to wages and hours. Eight percent were due to recognition as such.

Mr. WILLIAMS. What does that mean?

Dr. LUBIN. In other words, the men went out on strike and voted to have the union recognized.

Sixteen percent had union recognition and wages as the main issue, and recognition was a subsidiary issue. In most of these instances I think you will find that when the settlement was finally made, the wage issue was the real issue.

Mr. BROWN. What was that percent?

Dr. LUBIN. 16.7 of the total strikes. Sixty-seven strikes in all. I think that one thing that we have got to bear in mind is that when a union wants a wage increase, it frequently wants recognition also. In this case they want a 10-percent increase and they also wanted to be recognized.

Recognition is being held as a weapon. In other words, they say, "We are going to fight." I recall one instance, for example, where the union was offered 8 cents and union recognition and 10 cents without union recognition. It took the 10 cents without the recognition.

Mr. WILLIAMS. So frequently wages are only one of two elements involved?

Dr. LUBIN. Yes.

Three-tenths of 1 percent of the strikes had hours and recognition as the factors; 6.3 percent had wages and hours and recognition, that is, of the combined; 4 percent were due to discrimination. Men claimed that their members were being discriminated against, so they went out on strike. As I said before, 8.2 percent were due to closed or union shops. And then you have a whole series of miscellaneous factors, such as jurisdiction-all other causes combined. Mr. WILLIAMS. That table was compiled as of July?

Dr. LUBIN. As of July.

Mr. WILLIAMS. What period does it cover?

Dr. LUBIN. It just covers the month of July.

Mr. WILIAMS. Is that typical?

Dr. LUBIN. It covers also the 7 months from January to July.
Mr. WILLIAMS. Does it give those 7 months?

Dr. LUBIN. Yes; it gives the July figures. It also has the 7 months

of the year ending July 31.

Mr. WILLIAMS. Do you have it compiled by months?

Dr. LUBIN. No. I have a total for the 7 months, and I have the month of July by itself.

Mr. WILLIAMS. What I am trying to inquire is whether the figures you read were for the 7 months.

Dr. LUBIN. NO. They represent only the month of July. Mr. WILLIAMS. Let me ask if that is fairly typical of the whole situation the month of July. Does that represent the picture in general, or is it exaggerated in some respects in July?

Dr. LUBIN. It might be exaggerated in some respects. However, in the case of jurisdictional disputes in July 1.5 percent of the strikes were due to jurisdiction. In the 7 months ending July 31, the per

cent was 1.9.

On the other hand, we find there have been some instances of changing importance. In other words, wages and hours and wage increases in July accounted for 33 percent of the strikes, whereas during the 7 months they accounted for 31 percent.

Mr. WILLIAMS. Have there been more strikes and more disputes during the 7 months previous to those 7 months than in the last 7 months or in the first 7 months of last year?

Dr. LUBIN. I do not have the figures for the first 7 months for last year, but I would say yes, there have.

Mr. WILLIAMS. What is the cause of that?

Dr. LUBIN. I would say that the cost of living had something to do with it.

I think that the general movement for increased wages that I discussed yesterday, starting last March, when the steel industry or the United States Steel Corporation was negotiating with the Steel Organizing Committee, had something to do with it. During those negotiations an independent nonunion manufacturer announced that he had increased wages 10 cents an hour, which meant that the United States Steel followed suit, which in turn meant that the other unions which were in that industry started a movement for increased wages; and in a great many instances the increases in wages were secured only after strikes.

Mr. MONRONEY. Was this settlement with the Ford Co. made without a strike?

Dr. LUBIN. Of course, there was a short strike in the Ford plant. Mr. MONRONEY. Not this year?

Dr. LUBIN. Yes; just before the settlement was made.

Mr. MONRONEY. What classification was that in?

Dr. LUBIN. Probably union recognition. Probably recognition and

wages.

Mr. MONRONEY. Union recognition and wages?

Dr. LUBIN. Probably both. I don't know just how that figured, but they were probably both in there.

Mr. MILLS. Dr. Lubin, would it be possible for you to place in the record those two charts that you referred to?

Dr. LUBIN. I have already placed one of those charts in the record. In fact, those that I have referred to I have automatically put in the record.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I think all the tables that you refer to should be placed in the record.

Mr. SMITH. Mr. Chairman, at this point I would like to know if we could possibly have a break-down of the strikes with respect to wages and hours?

Dr. LUBIN. The wage increases in the month of July accounted for 33.7 percent.

Mr. WILLIAMS. For the 7 months?

Dr. LUBIN. For the 7 months they accounted for 31.4 percent. Wage increases plus hours accounted for 3.8 percent of strikes in July and 2.9 for the 7 months.

One-half of 1 percent of the strikes in July were against wages being cut or hours being raised; in other words, where the employer attempted to cut wages and the men went out on strike. That ac