Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Towns and Trade A.D. 600-1000, Deler 600-1000

Anglo-Saxon England archaeology artifacts assemblage Baltic Biddle Birka Blindheim boat Carolingian cemeteries central central-place system centralised centres Chapter Charlemagne chiefdoms coinage coins contrast Danelaw Denmark discussed distribution Dorestad early medieval economic eighth century emergence emphasise emporia emporium evidence example excavations exchange Frankish Frisian gold Grierson Haithabu Hamwih Helgó hoard Hodges industry Ipswich Irish issued Kaupang Kent king Late Saxon later medieval Löddeköpinge long-distance trade Medemblik medieval period Merovingian metalwork Metcalf middle Rhineland Middle Saxon minting ninth century North Sea north-west Europe northern Offa organisation pattern Pepin III perhaps phase Pirenne primitive probably production Quentovic Randsborg 1980 recent regional Renfrew Rhenish Rhineland Ribe Rigold Roman royal rural Sawyer Scandinavia sceattas settlement seventh century ship significant silver sixth social Southampton suggests sunken-huts Sutton Hoo tenth territories towns trading system urban communities vessels Viking village ware wealth Wessex West Saxon