Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Towns and Trade A.D. 600-1000

activity Anglo-Saxon appears archaeology authority boat Carolingian central centres Chapter clearly coinage coins communities concerned contrast course direct discussed distribution Dorestad early early medieval economic effect emergence emporia England established Europe evidence examine example excavations exchange existence extent Figure finds Frisian further gold Haithabu Hamwih Hodges illustrates imported indicate industry interesting Ipswich issued Italy king known late later least limited located long-distance trade maintained major medieval Merovingian Middle minting Moreover ninth century North northern operated organisation particular pattern perhaps period phase possibly pottery probably production recent references regional remains result Roman royal Saxon scale sceattas seems settlement seventh ship significant silver social society structure studies suggests tenth territories towns trade urban vessels Viking village ware wealth West