T. What do you think about getting in groups -who would like to have groups formed and work like that? (Hands raised.)

T. Don't you like that? (to one girl).

P. If someone couldn't get it you would have to wait till they got it.

T. It seems as if everyone could find out something about something. You have books at home, haven't you? If you have not you can go to the library-what do you think?

P. There is the reference library.

T. Suppose you look and see. How many wanted to work in groups? I forgot to count you (hands raised). How are we to manage? Some said have a captain and a reader. What are you going to do with the knowledge when we get it?

P. Write it.

T. Tell it just to the rest of the class?
P. To all of them.

T. To all of whom?

P. You think we ought to have―――

T. Instead of writing it down, the captain could call you out and you could tell.

T. Then the captain will be responsible for his group and see that he tells something really interesting?

T. And after we find out the most interesting things we could tell them to the others. Don't you think we should be generous?

P. We should be fair.

T. We never thought of being anything but fair. You know the people who were here yesterday-they saw the beginning of it, and they never had a chance to study anything like this. You are the first people to have ever had a chance to study anything like this.

P. How will we know what is interesting? P. Tell this room and see if this room thought it interesting and then tell some other room. P. You tell us what is good.

T. I am going to leave it to you. You said you wished to tell people in the grade above or the grade below you. Don't you think you are the best judge? You know what would have been interesting to you last year-don't you think you are able to judge?

P. If someone is studying about electricity and finds out something on animals he could write it out and give it to the other group.

T. That's a good idea.

P. If we were working in groups with a captain, when the captain of the group comes, the

other children could tell him what they found out and make it up into one story.

T. That would be good too, but, as I said before, people would like to find out what you found out, and they have not time to look up all these things.

P. Let them come here when we say it.

T. Let them come and visit us? You want another grade to come, and you want this other class too? We could be preparing all along, finding out the interesting things.

P. We could vote for the chairman and the secretary, and the chairman could have certain people looking for things.

T. You want a chairman of every group? P. No, for every day-and pick out what was good.

T. Then I would be here and I could work right in the group with you?

P. Yes, ma'am.

T. I am not here to tell you what to do, I am here to help you out. What you want to do is what we are going to do. Then you want a chairman to have charge of the entire class, and I think somebody else said we wanted to have somebody at the head of every little group. P. Yes, ma'am.

T. You said the duty of the chairman would be to take charge of everything in general? P. Yes, ma'am.

T. What is the duty of the leader of the group? P. Tell it to the class.

T. What else?

P. The chairman would tell it to the secretary, and the secretary would use his judgment to tell what he thought they all wanted.

T. Then we have it pretty well organized?
P. Yes, ma'am.

T. We will wait until tomorrow and you be thinking over all these different things and find out just what you want to work in. You could work in many of these if you wanted to, say two or three. Don't you think we could find out different things about two or three? And then the rest of the group could find out about the rest of the things. (Hands raised.) Can you keep that idea until tomorrow? P. Yes, ma'am.

T. Why do you want the B-5th?

P. I think it would be nice to give it to one of the 6th grades because they are higher and will know it more.

T. Know it more? So you have decided you want either the 5th or 6th?

P. B-5th-B-6th (several answered at once.)

T. As long as some want one thing and some another-well, what is it?

P. It would be nice to give it to the B-6th because the A and B-5th come in here next term and they will get an opportunity to study this, and the B-6th has gone past it.

T. That is one good reason-can any of you add to this with another good reason? P. I want to show the other children what we can do.

T. I think the only fair thing to do is to vote on it. The B-5th? (to one of the pupils). Will you count the hands please?

P. Fourteen.

4. Gravity.

5. Atmosphere. 6. Invention.

T. What is atmosphere?

P. It means gravity.

T. I thought we settled that the last day. P. The ocean we live in.

T. Yes, the ocean we live in-the air. 7. Color.

8. Insects.

9. Sound.

10. Birds.

the responsible position our chairman will have -now keep all those things in mind when you are naming the chairman. Nominations are now in order for your chairman.

DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND FURTHER PLANS

P. I nominate Hazel. P.2 I second the motion. P.3 I nominate Jean Campbell. P.. I second it. P. I nominate Dorothy. P. I second it. P.; I nominate Kenneth. P.8 I second it. P., I nominate George. P.10 I second the motion.

(The names written on the board.)

T. Now we have five candidates. Will Hazel stand up, please, so that the class can see her? (stands) Jean? (stands) Dorothy-Kenneth— George. Shall we vote by raising our hands? P. Yes, ma'am.

T. Or a piece of paper-what do you think about the time?

P. By hands. P.2 No, by paper.

T. Then, shall we do it by paper?

P. Yes. (Two children were put in charge of counting the ballots at the teacher's desk, and the child in the front seat collected the ballots for each row.)

T. Someone has said that Hazel is president of the Health Club.

P. Yes, ma'am.

T. What do you think about it? Do you think it would be fair for her to be president of both? P. No, ma'am. P.2 Yes, ma'am.

T. We will see how the vote comes out. (The children in the front stood up and tried to see what was going on at the teacher's desk.)

T. Do you think it is fair for you to be looking when the rest of them cannot see? Please take your seats.

(The ballots were counted by the two at the front, the children keeping their seats after the suggestion made by the teacher, though all were keenly interested and excited.)

T. Shall we write the results on the board so that you can all see?

T. What about Kenneth-what do you mean? P. Let him be captain and choose one of the other three for chairman.

T. Do you think it is necessary to have a captain and a chairman?

P. No, ma'am.

T. Somebody spoke about having a secretary— would you like to have a secretary from one of those three?

P. Yes, ma'am. P.2 No, ma'am.

T.. What do you say about captain? Well, Kenneth?

P. I am captain of the Health Club.

T. Do you think there is too much work?
P. No, ma'am.

T. Are you willing to accept?
P. Yes, ma'am.

T. It seems as if the rest of the children want you. What do you think about voting for secretary from those three?

P. I think it would be good.

T. Who favors that?
P. George too.

T. Well, the four then.
P. We need a good writer.

T. As long as most of you want to vote shall we vote for these four again? P. Yes, ma'am.

(The vote was taken again, the same girls counting the ballots.)

T. Why, are we to divide by rows or by what we want? What do you want?

P. Birds.

T. And what do you want?

P. Insects.

T. How could the captain take care of a row when the others in it all want to do something different? How many things are we to study? P. Ten.

T. How many rows have we?
P. Eight.

T. Then we would have eight captains and ten things. Don't you think it would be difficult?

P. I think it would be better if those who wanted to study electricity could go and have a captain for electricity people.

T. Have a captain of that group and one for those who want to study other subjects-that is what we decided yesterday.

P. Yes, ma'am.

T. Well, the first group will be electricity? (Nearly all the boys stood.)

T. What is it, Kenneth?

K. Have three in each group.

T. What is your idea in having three in each group? If you don't want to study one thing, why study it-someone else will-if you want to study electricity why not study it?

P. Why couldn't two groups look up one part, and another group look up another part of it?

T. Perhaps we could do it later, but don't you think we had better get it in groups first? Well, you twelve people want to study electricity-you are not going to change your minds?

P. No, ma'am.

T. You are sure?

P. Yes, ma'am.

T. Then the next group-animals (Two boys volunteered.)

T. Plants? (Nobody.) Nobody would like to study plants-perhaps when you are reading something else you will find something that will interest you in plants.

P. You tell us about it. P. That would not be nice.

T. Why?

P. Because we are supposed to find it out for ourselves. You have told us enough.

T. I was just thinking that myself. I think you are trying to make me work too hard, don't you think so?

P. Yes, ma'am.

T. Perhaps somebody would like to study plants after awhile-gravity? (One.)

P. Can we be in two things?

T. Do you think we can manage it?
P. Not very easily.

T. Gravity and electricity are so different and most of you want to study both. If you really want to study it, we will see what we can do about managing it.

(The group to study gravity gradually grew during this conversation to six.)

P. Atmosphere? (One.)

T. Atmosphere is lonesome, is it not?
P. What is atmosphere?

T. Don't you understand it? Don't you remember what we were talking about-the ocean we live in-who wants to study it? Three this time. Perhaps if we waited we would have the whole class. Who wants to study invention? (10.) Color (4). Insects (8). Sound (11). Birds (13).

How are we to manage about the different groups, shall we arrange for a chairman?

P. No, ma'am-I should think we could go into one group one part, and any other group another part, and elect a chairman—

T. Do you think we had better wait until tomorrow?

P. No, ma'am. We could have it done today in two minutes.

T. I don't think we could divide in that short time, and I want to tell you the different groups will have to get books.

P. Let us decide on our chairman for tomorrow.

T. You could be thinking about it.

P. Get one or two groups going now and then tomorrow get the rest of it.

T. Couldn't we wait till tomorrow?
P. Yes, ma'am.

T. I was going to say that I cannot find enough books. What are you going to do about it? P. Library. I have read some books, and I have two books.

T. Can you bring the books to school?
P. One of them.

T. What are you going to do?

P. I can get books from the library.

T. Has anybody else any ideas?

P. I have a book on invention and electricity.
T. Are you in that group?
P. No, ma'am.

T. That would help the other group-but you

won't find everything in books-where will you find it?

P. In an enclyopaedia-it says everything you want you can look up and find it.

T. That is true, but that is a book too. Be sure and put your name in the book you bring so we will know whose it is.

P. We can study about birds and insects outside.

T. I think that is a wonderful idea.

P. I had a little green thing in the garden and

I wanted to know what it was.

T. Maybe you will find another.

P. Last night I looked up in the index and I couldn't find anything about it.

T. You can find many things in magazines, and wonderful books on birds that don't live here. You can find birds, and worms, and trees around here.

P. I have a book right in my desk about electricity and animals and birds.

T. That will be fine-you can read something about it tonight for tomorrow. Who is studying birds? I have some books here. If you would like to look through these and find out something (hands raised and were the teacher

passed it to one pupil).

I have a book here about electricity. Had we not better give it to Kenneth, as he is chairman? P. He has enough to do.

T. This is the boy who wanted to find out so much about sound and the moon and stars (hands book to boy). I have another book that tells about insects-if I only had more books. -Are you Dorothy?

P. Yes, ma'am. (Hands her a book.)

T. You won't forget to get the books. When you look in the books you won't find everything right in the front-where are you going to look -will you have to look all through the book? P. No, ma'am-in the index.

T. And don't forget-if you find something on some other subject, tell people who are interested in that subject about it.

P. We have a book that is the story of electricity.

T. Can you bring it to the boys? I can't answer any more questions today, I'm sorry. Fourth Day

DIRECT INSTRUCTION BASED UPON PREVIOUS DAY'S EXPERIENCE

P. Good morning, Miss Hake.

T. Good morning.

Does anyone know how they vote in congress? P. First they nominate.

T. And then what? P. Then they vote.

T. How do they vote-do they vote the way we voted yesterday?

P. No, ma'am.

T. How do they vote?

P. Sometimes they vote on a representative ticket, or whatever it is, or they can vote a straight ticket, or for different men.

T. That is not just what I mean-do they vote by ballot always?

P. Yes, ma'am; they get them together and they nominate and then they vote.

T. Is naming a person a motion-do we call it a motion when we nominate someone or when we move something?

P. When we move.

T. That is it.

P. I think they move when they nominate too. T. Do you know any way you could find outor shall I tell you?

P. Tell us.

T. When you nominate you don't make a motion, but if you wanted groups made you would say, "I move we divide into groups." Do you see the difference?

P. Yes, ma'am.

T. When you nominate you say "I nominate," and then the person says "I second the nomination." Some of us said yesterday when someone nominated somebody, "I second the motion." What should they have said?

P. I second the nomination.

T. You won't forget that, will you; it is quite important. Somebody said that in congress they stood up when they wanted to vote for a person. Don't you think that would save time? P. Yes, ma'am.

T. This is the way the men in Congress do it: The chairman will ask all those in favor of a bill or something like that to say "aye," and those not in favor to say "nay"; sometimes they have them stand up, just to save time. What business did we leave over from yesterday? Kenneth: We were going to form the groups today. We were going to choose captains for the groups.

T. I think so too. Would it not be better to form our groups now? Do you remember what Have you the list?

groups you were in?

K. Yes, ma'am. (Hands in piece of paper.)