EXERCISE XL. Explain the difference in meaning between: 1. James looks poor (poorly). 2. They found the way easy (easily). 3. The clerk appeared prompt (promptly). 4. The blind man felt awkward (awkwardly) pavement. 5. Cora looks good (well). 6. The potatoes are boiling soft (softly). Select from the parentheses the right word: 7. The girl looks (sad, sadly). 8. James can not walk (further, farther). 9. How (sweet, sweetly) those violets smell! 10. Deal (gentle, gently) with the erring one. 11. The door closes (easy, easily). 12. The birds are singing (beautiful, beautifully). on the 13. The girl looks (beautiful, beautifully) in her new dress. 14. The sun shines (bright, brightly). 15. She speaks (distinct, distinctly). 16. It is a (real, really) warm day. 17. I am (tolerable, tolerably) well. 19. The child was treated (ill, illy). 20. He acted (awkward, awkwardly) in her presence. 21. The wind blows (cold, coldly) through the window. 22. He looked (strange, strangely) to me. 23. He looked (strange, strangely) at me. 24. He is planing the board (smooth, smoothly). 279. Substitutes for Adverbs.-The adverbial function may be performed by: 1. A noun; as, The man is stone deaf; Jane walked a mile. 2. An adjective; as, "The swallow sings sweet from her nest on the wall." NOTE. This is allowable in poetry. 3. An infinitive; as, He came to study. 4. 5. A preposition; as, He went by. A prepositional phrase; as, He went by the house. 6. A clause; as, He was not so careful as he should have been. NOTE. In the sentence, "The more I see of him the better I like him," the is not the article, but an adverb of degree (182, note). 280. Expletive Use.-Some adverbs are used to change the form of an expression, or simply to fill it out. In such a use the adverb becomes a mere expletive; as, 1. "There were giants in those days." 2. Well, are you the one who did it? 3. Now, do not act so. 4. If her chill heart I can not move, Why, I'll enjoy the very love.-Cowley. NOTE. The expletive can always be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence. DIRECTIONS FOR PARSING ADVERBS. 281. In parsing an adverb, give: 1.. Its class, (a) as to use, (b) as to idea expressed. 2. Its degree, if it has degree. 3. Its construction-what it limits. 1. The man walks fast. 2. MODELS. Where did you go when I called you? (1) Fast is a pure adverb of manner, positive degree, limiting the verb "walks." (2) Where is an interrogative adverb of place, limiting the verb "did go." (3) When is a conjunctive adverb of time. It limits the verb "called" and connects the clause, “when I called you" with the verb "did go." EXERCISE XLI. Parse the adverbs in the following sentences: 1. A thousand hearts beat happily. 2. He left the room at once. 3. 4. When you turn, go directly west. Now the earth is so full that a drop overfills it. 5. We sit in the warm shade and feel right well How the sap creeps up and blossoms swell.-Lowell. 6. The world is too much with us. 7. Maybe the amorous count solicits her. 8. 1 can not recant now. 9. The more a man knows the more he desires to know. 10. Why stand ye here all the day idle? 11. 12. 13. 14. Oh! what a tangled web we weave, When first we practice to deceive.-Scott. I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates, and men decay.-Goldsmith. 15. The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea, 16. The ploughman homeward plods his weary way.-Gray. How little I have gained, How vast the unattained. 17. Till rathe she rose, half-cheated in the thought.-Tennyson. EXERCISE XLII. Parse the adverbs and adjectives in the following sentences: 1. When shall we recite? 2. Still waters run deep. 3. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. 9. Will you sing for us? 10. Yes. Can you sing in French? No. 11. A season so extremely warm had never before been known. 12. Sleep stole on as sleep will do When the heart is light and the life is new.—Whittier. 13. This is the place where we stop. 14. When public bodies are to be addressed on momentous occasions, when great interests are at stake and strong passions excited, nothing is valuable in speech further than it is connected with high intellectual and moral endowments.— Webster. 15. Before her queenly womanhood, How dared our hostess utter The paltry errand of her need, To buy her fresh-churned butter?-Whittier. 16. How often, oh, how often I had wished that the ebbing tide Would bear me away on its bosom O'er the ocean wild and wide.-Longfellow. 1. Pure. 2. Interrogative. 3. Conjunctive. 4. Responsive. IV. Classes on Basis of Idea Expressed (272). 2. In what respect do adverbs and adjectives agree? 3. In what respect do they differ? 4. Write sentences illustrating the seven different constructions of the adverb. 5. Classify the adverb on the basis of use, and define each class. 6. Which class has the property of comparison? 7. Name and illustrate the three methods of comparison. 8. Name and define the classes of adverbs on the basis of idea expressed. 9. What are modal adverbs? Illustrate. 10. What are responsives? Why are they called adverbs? 11. What does the word expletive mean? Illustrate the expletive use of the adverb. CHAPTER VIII. THE PREPOSITION. 283. It has been stated already (19) that a preposition is a relational word which expresses the relation between ideas of unequal rank. The word expressing the idea higher in rank is called the antecedent term of relation. The expression representing the idea subordinate in rank is called the subsequent term of relation. The preposition requires the subsequent term of relation (noun or pronoun) to be in the objective case, therefore the subsequent term is usually called the object of the preposition. The preposition, as the name implies, is usually placed before its object; as, The book is on the table. Sometimes, however, it is placed after its object; as, 1. What is he looking at? 2. Rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of.-Shakespeare. 3. What god doth the wizard pray to?-Hawthorne. THE OBJECT. 284. The object of a preposition is usually a noun or a pronoun; but it may be any word or group of words used substantively; as, 1. Noun; as, He walked to the house. 2. Pronoun; as, The work was done by him. 3. Adverb; as, I can see from here. 4. Adjective; as, He labors in vain. 5. Verbal; as, (a) He has nothing to do but to study. |