DIRECTIONS FOR PARSING ADJECTIVES. 200. In parsing an adjective, give: 1. Its classification. Its degree, if it has degree. 2. 2. 1. The man has two horses large enough to draw the load. The captain stood firm, but his soldiers, who were treacherous, made the situation dangerous. (1) The, adj., defin., art., def., used attributively to limit the noun "man." (2) Two, adj., defin., num., cardinal, used attributively to limit the noun "horses." (3) Large, adj., desc., pos. degree,- -com. large, larger, largest, used appositively to limit the noun "horses." (4) Firm, adj., desc., pos. degree, com.—firm, firmer, firmest,-used with the adverbial predicative construction to limit the noun "captain." (5) Treacherous, adj., desc., pos. degree, com.-treacherous, more treacherous, most treacherous,-used predicatively to limit the pron. "who." (6) Dangerous, adj., desc., pos. degree, com.-dangerous, more dangerous, most dangerous,-used factitively to limit the noun "situation." EXERCISE XXVII. In the following sentences, parse the adjectives, nouns, and pronouns : 1. Great is truth and mighty above all things. 2. Grief made her insane. 3. The white and fleecy waves look soft as carded wool. 4. Many a carol, old and saintly, sang the minstrels. 5. 6. The silent moon ascends the starry sky. There are three pear trees in the fifth row. 7. Who else came? 8. But he thought of his sister, proud and cold, And his mother, vain of her rank and gold.—Whittier. 9. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air.-Gray. If parts allure thee, think how Bacon shined, 10. The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind.-Pope. 11. The longest syllable, or monosyllabic word, in the English language is strength. 12. The word unexceptionableness has more different letters and occupies more space in print, than any other English word. 13. To every Roman citizen he gives, To every several man, seventy-five drachmas. 14. I know not what course others may take. 15. 16. 17. He was curious to know to what sect we belonged. Comes that messenger divine.-Longfellow. 18. He stood upon the topmost round. 19. Here living tea-pots stand, one arm held out, One bent; the handle this, and that the spout.-Pope. 20. Farewell, my friends; farewell my foes; 21. 22. My peace with these, my love with those.-Burns. Rose cheerless over hills of gray, And, darkly circled, gave at noon A sadder light than waning moon.-Whittier. With eylids heavy and red, A woman sat, in unwomanly rags, Plying her needle and thread.-Hood. 23. A beautiful behavior is better than a beautiful form; it gives a higher pleasure than statues and pictures; it is the finest of the fine arts. 24. 201. O Alma Mater! on thy corpse, The winter rains shall fall, And pitying winter clouds above And through your vacant passageways That once were full of glee, The northern winds will pass along And sadly sigh for thee.-Clyde W. Hill. SUMMARY. We may now make a summary in the form of an outline: THE ADJECTIVE (161). 1. Definition (18). II. Classes (162). 1. Descriptive (168). (1) Common (168,1). 2. Definitive (177). Define adjective. 2. Explain the difference between descriptive and definitive adjectives. 3. Name the three classes of the descriptive adjectives. 4. Make proper adjectives from America, England, France, Texas, and Michigan. 5. Give three uses of the definite article; of the indefinite article. 6. Give a reason for classing the indefinite adjective as a pronominal. May it be classed as numeral? Explain. 7. Name three simple adjectives; three compound; three complex. 8. Define comparison. 9. Compare blue. In what degree is bluish? 10. Illustrate the three methods of comparison. 11. What is meant by construction? 12. Write sentences illustrating the five constructions of the adjective. 1 CHAPTER VI. THE VERB. 202. A verb is a word which asserts. The verb may assert an attribute of the subject, or it may assert merely the relation between the subject and the attribute. The word verb is from the Latin verbum, which means the word. No sentence can be formed without a verb. It is for that reason the essential word of the sentence. Verbals-participles and infinitives-are not true verbs since they do not have the assertive power. They are forms of the verb, however, and will be studied in connection with true verbs. I. CLASSES ON BASIS OF IDEA EXPRESSED. 203. In the following sentences, observe the use of each italicized verb: In (1) and (2), the verbs assert merely the relation between their subjects and the attributes. They need the help of the adjectives "white" and "wise" to complete the predication. A relational verb is a verb which expresses only a relational idea. Relational verbs are also called copulative verbs because, grammatically, they connect the attribute complement to the subject. They are also called verbs of incomplete predication, because they are followed by an attribute complement which completes the predication. In (3) is expresses the relational idea while shining expresses the attribute of action. In (4) shines has a double use. It expresses the relational idea and, also, it expresses the attribute of action (shining) that belongs to the sun. An attributive verb is a verb which expresses an attribute of an object of thought by asserting it. Attributive verbs are also called verbs of complete predication because they complete the predicate without the help of an attribute complement. EXERCISE XXVIII. In the following sentences, what verbs are relational, and what are attributive? 1. The men are making hay. 2. Large birds fly very swiftly. 3. 4. All things shall pass away from the earth. 5. The man has been sick a long time. 6. The boy has been studying a short time. 8. 9. 10. The apple tastes sour. The girl looks beautiful in her new dress. 11. The boy turned pale. 12. They have grown old together. II. CLASSES ON BASIS OF RELATION TO SUBJECTS. 204. Study the following sentences: 1. I am anxious for him to leave. 2. He is anxious for me to leave. 4. You want them to leave. 5. He wants you to leave. In (1) am is limited to one subject, "I." Is may take any subject that is in the third person singular. Thou is the only subject that can be used with art. Observe that "want" (4) becomes "wants" (5) when the subject changes from the second person to the third person singular. The subject of are must always be plural (you may be singular in meaning.) These verbs are said to be finite, that is, limited to certain subjects. A finite verb is a verb that is limited by person and number to certain subjects. |