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25.-Stanza xxxix., line 2.

Where sad Penelope o'erlook'd the wave;

26.-Stanza xl., line 2.

Childe Harold hail'd Leucadia's cape afar;

Leucadia, now Santa Maura. From the promontory (the Lover's Leap) Sappho is said to have thrown herself.

27. Stanza xl., line 5.

Actium, Lepanto, fatal Trafalgar ;

Actium and Trafalgar need no further mention. The battle of Lepanto, equally bloody and considerable, but less known, was fought in the Gulf of Patras. Here the author of Don Quixote lost his left hand.

28. Stanza xli., line 9.

More placid seem'd his eye, and smooth his pallid front.

["And roused him more from thought than he was wont,

While Pleasure almost seemed to smooth his pallid front."-MS. Galt, who met Lord Byron for the first time in these travels, was struck by the singular scowl which continually gathered on his brow, and which vanished when he was pleased.]

29.-Stanza xlv., line 4.

Did many a Roman chief and Asian king

It is said, that, on the day previous to the battle of Actium, Antony had thirteen kings at his levee.-[" To-day I saw the remains of the town of Actium, near which Antony lost the world, in a small bay, where two frigates could hardly manoeuvre: a broken wall is the sole remnant. On another part of the gulf stand the ruins of Nicopolis, built by Augustus, in honour of his victory."-Byron, Letters.]

30.-Stanza xlv., line 6.

Look where the second Casar's trophies rose:

Nicopolis, whose ruins are most extensive, is at some distance from Actium, where the wall of the Hippodrome survives in a few fragments. These ruins are large masses of brickwork, the bricks of which are joined by interstices of mortar, as large as the bricks themselves, and equally durable.

31.-Stanza xlvii., line 1.

He pass'd bleak Pindus, Acherusia's lake,

According to Pouqueville, the lake of Yanina: but Pouqueville is always out.

32. Stanza xlvii., line 4.

To greet Albania's chief, whose dread command

The celebrated Ali Pacha. Of this extraordinary man there is an incorrect account in Ponqueville's Travels.-"I have traversed the interior of the province of Albania, on a visit to the Pacha, as far as Tepaleen, his highness's country palace, where I stayed three days. He is considered a man of the first abilities: he governs the whole of Albania, Epirus, and part of Macedonia."-Byron, Letters.]

33.-Stanza xlvii., line 9.

Hurl their defiance far, nor yield, unless to gold.

Five thousand Suliotes, among the rocks and in the castle of Suli, withstood thirty thousand Albanians for eighteen years; the castle at last was taken by bribery. In this contest there were several acts performed not unworthy of the better days of Greece.

34.-Stanza xlviii., line 1.

Monastic Zitza! from thy shady brow,

The convent and village of Zitza are four hours' journey from Joannina, or Yanina, the capital of the Pachalick. In the valley the river Kalamas (once the Acheron) flows, and, not far from Zitza, forms a fine cataract. The situation is perhaps the finest in Greece, though the approach to Delvinachi and parts of Acarnania and Ætolia may contest the palm. Delphi, Parnassus, and, in Attica, even Cape Colonna and Port Raphti, are very inferior; as also every scene in Ionia, or the Troad: I am almost inclined to add the approach to Constantinople; but, from the different features of the last, a comparison can hardly be made. "The foreground of Zitza is a gentle declivity, terminating on every side in an extensive landscape of green hills and dale, enriched with vineyards, and dotted with frequent flocks."-HOBHOUSE.]

35.-Stanza xlix., line 6.

Here dwells the caloyer, nor rude is he,

The Greek monks are so called.

36.-Stanza li., line 2.

Nature's volcanic amphitheatre,

The Chimariot mountains appear to have been volcanic.

37.-Stanza li., line 6.

Nodding above; behold black Acheron!

Now called Kalamas.

Albanese cloak.

38.-Stanza lii., line 7.

The little shepherd in his white capote

39. Stanza lv., line 1.

The sun had sunk behind vast Tomerit,

Anciently Mount Tomarus.

40.-Stanza Iv., line 2.

And Laos wide and fierce came roaring by ;

The river Laos was full at the time the author passed it; and, immediately above Tepaleen, was to the eye as wide as the Thames at Westminster; at least in the opinion of the author and his fellow-traveller. In the summer it must be much narrower. It certainly is the finest river in the Levant; neither Achelous, Alpheus, Acheron, Scamander, nor Cayster, approached it in breadth or beauty. ["I shall never forget the singular scene on entering Tepaleen, at five in the afternoon (Oct. 11), as the sun was going down. It brought to my mind (with some change of dress, however,) Scott's description of Branksome Castle in his Lay, and the feudal system. The Albanians in their dresses (the most magnificent in the world, consisting of a long white kilt, gold-worked cloak, crimson velvet gold-laced jacket and waistcoat, silver-mounted pistols and daggers); the Tartars, with their high caps; the Turks in their vast pelisses and turbans; the soldiers and black slaves with the horses, the former in groups, in an immense large open gallery in front of the palace, the latter placed in a kind of cloister below it; two hundred steeds ready caparisoned to move in a moment; couriers entering or passing out with despatches; the kettle-drums beating; boys calling the hour from the minaret of the mosque;-altogether, with the singular appearance of the building itself, formed a new and delightful spectacle to a stranger."-Byron, Letters.]

41.-Stanza lix., line 9.

"There is no god but God!-to prayer-lo! God is great!"

["On our arrival at Tepaleen, we were lodged in the palace. During the night, we were disturbed by the perpetual carousal which seemed to be kept up in the gallery, and by the drum, and the voice of the 'Muezzin,' or chanter, calling the Turks to prayers from the minaret of the mosque attached to the palace. The chanter was a boy, and he sang out his hymn in a sort of loud melancholy recitative. He was a long time repeating the purport of these few words: God most high! I bear witness, that there is no God but God, and Mahomet is his prophet: come to prayer; come to the asylum of salvation: great God! there is no God but God!'"-HOBHOUSE.]

42.-Stanza Ix., line 1.

Just at this season Ramazanî's fast

["We were a little unfortunate in the time we chose for travelling, for it was during the Ramazan, or Turkish Lent. But although, during this month, the strictest abstinence is observed in the daytime, yet with the setting of the sun the feasting commences: then is the time for paying and receiving visits, and for the amusements of Turkey, puppetshows, jugglers, dancers, and story-tellers."-HOBHOUSE.]

43.-Stanza Ixii., line 5.

ALI reclined, a man of war and woes:

["The vizier received me in a large room paved with marble; a fountain was playing in the centre; the apartment was surrounded by scarlet ottomans. He received me standing, a wonderful compliment from a Mussulman, and made me sit down on his right hand."- Byron, Letters.]

44.-Stanza lxii., line 9.

The deeds that lurk beneath, and stain him with disgrace.

[Lord Byron says elsewhere that Ali Pacha was one of the mildest men he ever saw. Mr. Hobhouse describes the vizier as "a short man, about five feet five inches in height, and very fat; possessing a very pleasing face, fair and round, with blue quick eyes, not at all settled into a Turkish gravity." Dr. Holland happily compares the spirit which lurked under Ali's usual exterior to "the fire of a stove, burning fiercely under a smooth and polished surface."]

45.-Stanza Ixiii,, line 9.

In bloodier acts conclude those who with blood began.

[Ali was assassinated in February, 1822, and his head sent to Constantinople, where it was exhibited at the gates of the seraglio. As the name of Ali had made a considerable noise in England, a merchant of Constantinople thought it would be no bad speculation to purchase the head and consign it to a London showman; but the scheme was defeated by the piety of an old servant of the Pacha, who bribed the executioner with a higher price, and bestowed decent sepulture on the relic.]

46.-Stanza Ixiv., line 3.

And gazed around on Moslem luxury,

["Childe Harold with the chief held colloquy,
Yet what they spake it boots not to repeat,
Converse may little charm strange ear or eye;
Albeit he rested in that spacious seat

Of Moslem luxury," &c.-MS.]

47.-Stanza Ixvi., line 8.

And fellow-countrymen have stood aloof—

Alluding to the wreckers of Cornwall.

48.-Stanza Ixxi., line 2.

The feast was done, the red wine circling fast,

The Albanian Mussulmans do not abstain from wine, and, indeed, very few of the others.

L

49.-Stanza Ixxi., line 7.

Each Palikar his sabre from him cast,

Palikar, shortened when addressed to a single person, from Пanaşı, a general name for a soldier amongst the Greeks and Albanese, who speak Romaic: it means, properly, "a lad."

50.-Stanza Ixxi,, line 9.

Yelling their uncouth dirge, long daunced the kirtled clan.

[The following is Mr. Hobhouse's animated description of this scene: -"In the evening the gates were secured, and preparations were made for feeding our Albanians. A goat was killed and roasted whole, and four fires were kindled in the yard, round which the soldiers seated themselves in parties. After eating and drinking, the greatest part of them assembled round the largest of the fires, and, whilst ourselves and the elders of the party were seated on the ground, danced round the blaze, to their own songs, with astonishing energy. All their songs were relations of some robbing exploits. One of them, which detained them more than an hour, began thus:- When we set out from Parga, there were sixty of us:' then came the burden of the verse,—

Robbers all at Parga!
Robbers all at Parga!'

* Κλεφτεις τοτε Παργα!
Κλεφτεις ποτε Παργα!'

and as they roared out this stave, they whirled round the fire, dropped, and rebounded from their knees, and again whirled round, as the chorus was again repeated."]

51.-Stanza Ixxii., line 9.

While thus in concert they this lay half sang, half scream'd:

As a specimen of the Albanian or Arnaout dialect of the Illyric, I here insert two of their most popular choral songs, which are generally chanted in dancing by men or women indiscriminately. The first words are merely a kind of chorus without meaning, like some in our own and all other languages.

1. Bo, Bo, Bo, Bo, Bo, Po,

Naciarura, popuso.

2. Naciarura na civin

Ha pen derini ti hin. 3. Ha pe uderi escrotini Ti vin ti mar servetini. 4. Caliriote me surme

Ea ha pe pse dua tive.

1. Lo, Lo, I come, I come; be

thou silent.

2. I come, I run; open the door
that I may enter.

3. Open the door by halves, that
I may take my turban.
4. Caliriotes with the dark eyes,
open the gate that I may

enter.

The Albanese, particularly the women, are frequently termed "Caliriotes," for what reason I inquired in vain.

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