b, b, b. Three young shoots produced fine heading; there were several others, which were cut down as they advanced in growth; the two remaining side ones are also to be cut down and only the middle one left, which will in time cover the wound a, and form a proper tree.

c, c, c. Remains of the old wounds, covered with the composition, and now almost healed up.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

Fig. 1 & 2.

Two different views of a tool for cutting out the dead and decayed parts of hollow trees. It has two wooden handles which may be of any convenient length.

Fig. 3 & 4.

Two views of another tool, with one handle, for cutting out dead wood. This is made narrower than the former, and is to be used in places where Fig. 1 cannot be admitted.

5. A triangular chisel, for cutting grooves or channels to carry off the water from the hollows of the

trees.

6. A tool representing an adze on one side and a hatchet on the other.

7. A large chisel.

8. A large gouge.

9. A small saw, with double teeth, thin on the back, for cutting off small branches, &c.

10. A knife with a concave edge.

11. A tool in form of a sickle, without teeth. This is to scrape stems and branches of trees on the side next the wall.

12. A pruning-knife with a convex edge.

13. A tool in shape of a curry-comb for scraping moss, &c. off the stems and branches of trees: One of the scrapers has teeth; the other is plain. The back of this tool, and the edges of the scrapers, are a little

concave.

14. A larger double-toothed saw for cutting of large branches.

15. A small pruning-knife with a convex edge.

16. A large chisel with a strong plate of iron screwed on upon the face of it, like a double iron for a plane, to prevent its running in too far where the tree is crossgrained.

N. B. These tools have handles of different lengths, to be used as occasion requires.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1.

FARMERS' houses of residence are of various sizes and forms, suitable to the degree and circumstances of the occupier.-Fig 1 is the most humble of farmers' habitations, on the smallest farms; and is an excellent design for a cottage. The floor is best of brick or cement, or earth perfectly solid. The size 16 by 12 feet.

a, a.

Dotted lines, fhewing the width of area upstairs, 8 by 16: to form two rooms of 8 feet square.

Fig. 2.

This is a comfortable house for a farmer's family in common; and very convenient, without ostentation. -It admits of an entry by one or two steps-Its business is all done on the one ground floor: the rooms over head being solely as bed-chambers and storerooms of family goods.-It admits of enlargement on

the ground, as may be for future occasions-Its chimnies are easily swept-Its single story gives little to the power of storms-A fire is easily conquered, being more within reach than when it breaks out on two-story houses. Into this most common farmer's habitation, you enter a lobby 12 by 12 feet; the stairs to bedchambers and store-rooms, over it. On each hand of the lobby is a room also 12 by 12 feet, with a small corner chimney. The two back rooms, which are 18 by 18 feet, are family rooms of employment: they look back into the farm-yard. A door may be on the east and west sides. Best that there be little or no cellar under this habitation. If any cellar, let it be under one of the 12 feet rooms; but still better to be under a small out-house for a poor traveller's bed-room. N. B. The two dotted lines shew where the sides of the chambers upstairs will extend to. When divided off, there will, for chambers and stores or closets, be six rooms of 12 feet square.-The whole of the ground floor may be laid solid with brick or cement; and this coloured or not at pleasure: but the solid floor is the healthful floor! ever and ever. Even the upper floor would be well laid with stout sawed laths, and then laid thick with a cement; which would protect against fire. d, d. Doors.

Fig. 3.

This is taken from a house lately built in the state of Main by an English family; having only a ground

story, the floors of brick and earth. They are built on the principles of farm houses in the experienced old countries; having never more than one story, with brick or cement floors, solid, that no stagnant, unwholesome air be admitted under them; except a very small portion of cellar under the stairs, for containing family small beer, lard, &c. Bed-rooms, and closets or store-rooms may be over head, in the garret or second floor, as in No. 2.

Fig. 4.

This and Fig. 3 were built nearly together by relations by marriage, and there need not be sought a more convenient and comfortable house than either of them, suitable to farmers of property. Upstairs, as No. 3.

:

Fig. 3. Enter a passage 10 by 25 feet to a. a storeroom: b. a closet: c. childrens' bed-room: d. bedroom of master and mistress: e. closet: f. parlour, 15 by 22 feet: g. friends' bed-room, 15 by 19: h. h. h. closets i. kitchen, with cellar and chamber stairs: k. door into shed, 27 by 13, with fire-place and copper: a pump and sink; door both ways:-Fig. 4. 1. entry with closets for books, &c. on each side, 8 1-2 by 25 : m. north parlour, a beau-room, 22 by 18 1-2: n. boys' bed-chamber and closet, 7 by 8 feet: o. girls' bedchamber, 7 by 7 feet: p. master and mistress's room: q. q. closets: r. parlour, 16 by 20: s. friends' bed