dung, mixed with wood ashes and powder of burnt bones, put into as much urine and soapsuds as would make it the consistence of thick paint. It was laid on with a painter's brush. After being applied three hours, it was patted gently down with the hand, close to the tree by which the air-bubbles that may hap to be under the composition, and make it adhere to the tree, preventing its being washed off by rain, are got rid of.

In August, early, the foreright shoots are shortened to about four inches long; by this time the shoot will have made its full growth for the season, and will produce fine strong eyes for the following year.

The tree above mentioned had a decayed, rotten root, the dead part of which he cut all away, till he came to the sound wood. Whenever the trunk is hollow, he directs that it be followed under ground till all the decayed parts and rotten roots are cut out, otherwise the tree will be lost.

If, says Mr. Forsyth, the above be followed, more Pears will be got in three or four years, than can be in twenty-five years by planting young trees, and pruning and managing them in the common way.

But it may happen that the Pears become stunted after cold blighting winds, and frosty nights (as sometimes seen in June and July*). In this case, Mr, Forsyth recommends a new and bold method of operation, when the weather becomes milder, or begins to be so :

He says, take a sharp pen-knife, and with its point cut through the rind of the Pear, from the footstalk to the eye, as if it were a bark-bound tree, cutting as little into the flesh of the tree as possible. Beat up fresh cow-dung with wood ashes, and rub in a little of this composition with the fore finger, where the cut is made.

The distance he gives Pear-trees against walls, and breadth of borders, are twelve yards: but the distances vary too greatly to enter into detail. Borders should be 10 to 20 feet wide. But here is much extravagance.

* No such cold weather ever happens in the United States, at least not beyond the 41°. So far from it, it is thought strange there should be frost in May.

VINES.

MR. FORSYTH selects for a small garden in England, the following Vines:-The White Muscadine; White Sweet' Water; Black Sweet Water; large Black Cluster; small Black Cluster; the Miller Grape. St. Peters, and the Black Hamburgh, may do very well in favorable seasons.

The White Muscadine, above selected, resembles the Royal Muscadine, but the berries are smaller. It is the best grape for a common wall, and a great bearer. Also called the Common, and the Chasselas.

The White Sweet Water. The berry large, a white colour; very agreeable juice. Esteemed an excellent grape. Ripens in September.

The Black Sweet Water. Small berry, sweet; but apt to crack. Not much in repute. Ripens in September.

The large Black Cluster. A very rough, harsh taste. Speechlay says it is the grape of the Oporto wine.

The small Black Cluster. A very pleasant fruit.

The St. Peter's Grape. Large oval berries; deep black; bunches large: the flesh juicy. Ripens late.

The Black Hamburgh. Bunches large-large berries-pleasant sweet juice, vinous. Ripens in November.

Cuttings of Vines, take from shoots the best ripened, with the shortest joints-always with one or two joints of the last year's wood: cutting it as near a joint of the old wood as possible.

Choose cuttings after a warm, dry season. Each cutting to have two inches of the old wood, with one eye of the new.

Training and Pruning Vines.

In 1789, says Mr. Forsyth, I let two strong branches grow to full length, without topping them in the summer. In 1790, he trained them in a serpentine form, [pl. X.] leaving about 30 eyes on each shoot, which produced 120 fine bunches of grapes, weighing from one pound to a pound and

F

a quarter each. All who saw them said the large ones were as fine as forced grapes; while the small ones produced from branches of the same Vine, trained and pruned in the old way, were bad natural grapes, and not above twice the size of large

currants.

To confirm this experiment, he next year trained five plants in the same way, allowing the shoots intended for bearing wood to run to their full length in summer, training wherever there was a vacancy between the old trees; where there was none, he run them along the top of the wall, without topping them. In winter he trained them in a serpentine manner, so as to fill the wall as regularly as possible: they were as productive as those in the former years.

After a three year's trial, he thought himself warranted to follow the same practice with the whole; and in 1793, he sent for the king's use 378 baskets of grapes; each weighing three pounds, without planting a single Vine more than were the preceding year, when he could send only 56 baskets of the same weight. The above proves the great advantage of the serpentine method of training Vines.