destroyed this impression, as they remembered, that he too had been subject to the insults of the Court, and the object of insidious attacks, when in performance of a most painful part of his duty. That, however, no disposition of the sort he alluded to could ect the obedience of the Troops, in [recting the King; and his Majestv had shown his conviction of this fict, by entrusting his Capital to them alone, for several weeks after the conclusion of the peace.

The second part of the accusation I heard with surprise, I must add, with indignation, viz. the charge of indiscipline brought against the British Soldiers, to whose peaceable conduct in Paris, and to the vigilant administration of their Commander, I have been a witness for many months. I could only express my entire disbelief of these excesses, and endeavoured, but in vain, to convince M. Anglés, that he had been a victim, as I myself had been, to the indiscipline of the Dutch and Belgian Auxiliaries, who had enforced requisitions, on many occasions, in defiance of the orders and proclamations of the Duke of Wellington.

M. Anglés, moreover, "complain"ed of the poisonous nature of the "English Newspapers, the introduc"tion of which, he assured me, like "that of other poisons, would in fu"ture be prevented."

The answer was not difficult; but I recollected, that this Gentleman, as well as the Minister of the Police, had long been subordinate Agents of Bonaparte, who had adopted a similar measure during the peace of Amiens, and I forbore to reply.

I have given your Lordship a faithful relation of what passed on the subject of my countrymen and my

ses of the Order of St Louis were conferred (Sept. 21, 1815,) on Officers of the Russian army, for their superior discipline; and, about a month after, the Duke of Wellingten received the order of the Holy Ghost

-.

self, as I communicated it to Sir Charles Stuart on the same day.The Minister entered into many topics in the conversation, which I continued, in the patient expectation of hearing some charge affecting myself; and, although I had to regret, that the liberal feelings he expressed were not likely to avail me on the present occasion, yet I am satisfied, that he possesses an unexhausted stock of excellent principles and opinions, which will, no doubt, be turned to the profit of other travellers, when the season shall be more convenient for the application of them.

The same evening Sir Charles Stuart wrote an official note to the Duke of Richelieu. On the next day I received, from the Police, a Passport, which I requested the British Ambassador to have countersigned, for any day he thought proper; but on no account to ask an hour's delay, or any indulgence from the Govern ment. It was not until two days after, that, upon Sir Charles Stuart's repeated request, the Duke of Richelieu sent the official letter, of which, as well as of my reply to the substance of it, his Majesty's Secretary of state is in possession.

Upon this communication, which contains something like an official charge, I shall take leave to offer some remarks to your Lordship.

The Duke of Richelieu goes back to the period of last year, and is pleased to reproach me with two faults, viz. the promulgation of dangerous opinions; and, secondly, the intimacy in which I lived with persons suspected, and whom subsequent misfor tunes have proved to be enemies to the State. He adds, that the mild. system of those days had deferred the execution of the measure, which the Government, made wiser by experience, had now determined to adopt.'

(Lord Kinnaird then proves that this charge is altogether without any reasonable

reasonable foundation. He observes, in particular,

I do undoubtedly profess the principles and opinions which I formerly held; and, if I remain an honest man, shall probably continue to do so, fully as long as the Duke of Richelieu is in the habit of adhering to his; but I entreat his Excellency to believe, that, under a Government which has annihilated the Liberty of the Press; which has revived Penal Statutes, known only in the worst periods of the Monarchy; which fosters a spirit of proscription and persecution, familiar to the blackest epochs of the Revolutions; which already counts nineteen thousand prisoners for state offences; and which, by a liberal interpretation of the Act of Amnesty, seems inclined to satisfy the passions of all its creatures; under such a Government, I say, I am not so iudifferent to life and liberty, as to have hazarded the public expression of any political opinions whatever.'

(He afterwards gives the following curious particulars :)

It is possible, I am told, that the Duke of Richelieu may mean to inculpate the visits I have made to my countrymen in prison. The rigour of the law has certainly reached them, anticipating the punishment for an offence, for which, in all other cases, the accused has been admitted to bail; but the public voice belies him, if M. de Richelieu did not partake the general joy at the escape of M. Lavalette, who, in all parties, and in every family in France, except one, found advocates to plead for his par

don.

To Sir Robert Wilson I was refused access, because he had resisted the torture, which the law of France inflicts, in its inquisitorial mode of examination. I had occasionally the

Until the Prisoner answers the interro

satisfaction of seeing my friend, Me Bruce, who had confessed his share in the plan, which he and his companions had the heart to execute, and who was awaiting, without a murmur, the expiation of an act, the motives of which generous minds, in all times, and in all countries, will sufficiently appreciate.

In the absence of all real ground of complaint, on the part of the French Government, I have sought to discover whether any foreign influence might have extorted this puny vengeance from the Minister of the King of France; and the coincidence of this order with an explanation I was compelled to ask from the Russian Ambassador at that Count, did, for a moment, create an unpleasant doubt in my mind. The facts are these. I had received a copy of the Report, circulated under the name of M. Pozzo di Borgo, with such primâ facie evidence of its authenticity, as to induce me to show it to the British Ambassador, and to the Duke of

Wellington. I was aware of the improbability, that such a Paper should be allowed to escape from the Cabinet of a Foreign Minister, whose public dispatches probably wore a very different complexion. I knew it must have been written by a Frenchman, and by a Frenchman possessing the means of procuring and of paying for the curious information it contains.

On the other hand, M. Pozzo is the only Frenchman who represents a Foreign Sovereign at the Court of France; he had been a deputy to one of her Assemblies; his active and ostensible interference in all her concerns; his reputed talents, which had been on the point of introducing him into the Cabinet of the King; the opinions of his Sovereign, notoriously indifferent to the cause of the Bourbons;

gatories of the Public Accuser, he is confined au secret.

bons; all conspired with the asserted authenticity to give it credit in the minds of most persons, who, of course, ceased to believe it when its originality was denied by M. Pozzo di Borgo himself. The name of that Ambassador had been used in assigning the fabrication of this Paper to different persons. Sir R. Wilson had thought it right to deny it publicly; and, as the same accusation had been applied to me, I obtained from M. Pozzo di Borgo, an assurance, that he had never attributed it publication to me, on the evening before I received the order from the Prefect of Police. I feel confident, therefore, that he did not exert his powerful influence for the removal of a subject of the King of England (whose pensioner he has long been) to revenge an offence of which he knows me to be innocent.'

MEMOIRS OF THE PROGRESS OF MANUFACTURES, CHEMISTRY, SCIENCE, AND THE FINE ARTS.

AT a meeting of the Royal Society, an ingenious paper by Dr Reid Clanny was read, containing an account of some recent experiments made with his lamp in coal-mines, when their atmosphere was in a highly combustible state, being saturated with carburetted hydrogen gas. Ultimately be succeeded in making two different experiments in mines which were in a highly combustible state, and where the presence of a common lamp must have been attended with instant ruin.

By the memoir of Dr Herschel on the Satellites of the Georgian Planet, the existence of two satellites has been established completely; the first of which performs a synodical revolution about the planet in 8 16h 56′ 5-2/; the second, in 134 11h 8' 59. He

renders it probable, that there exists a satellite nearer the planet than either of these two, and that there are several exterior satellites.

The following are the results of Sir Humphry Davy's experiment on the colours used by the ancients as pigments. The red colours employed he found to be red lead, vermilion, and iron ochre. The yellows were yellow ochre, in some cases mixed with chalk, in others with red lead. The ancients, likewise, employed orpiment and massicot as yellow paints. The blue was a pounded glass, composed of soda, silica, lime, and oxide of copper. Indigo was likewise employed by the ancients, and they used cobalt to colour blue glass. The greens were compounds containing copper; sometimes the carbonate mixed with chalk; sometimes with blue glass.In some cases they consisted of the green earth of Verona. Verdigris was likewise used by the ancients.The purple colour, found in the baths of Titus, was an animal or vegetable matter combined with alumina. The blacks were charcoal; the browns, ochres; the whites, chalk or clay.White lead was known likewise to the ancient painters.

M. de Luc's dry galvanic pile, or electrometer, to be bought of the mathematical instrument-makers in London, consists of slips of silver paper laid on each other. On the unsilvered side of the paper is put a layer of black oxide of manganese and honey. These papers are piled above each other to the number of 2000. They are then covered externally with a coating of shell lac, and inclosed in a hollow brass cylinder. Two of these piles are placed at the distance of four or five inches from each other; and between them is suspended a light metallic needle on a pivot, which is attracted alternately to the one pile and the other, so that it constantly moves between them like a pendulum.

Attempts

Professor Hufeland has announced, that bleeding in cases of hydrophobia has met with equal success in Germany as in India. He intends to publish some of the cases forthwith.

Oxygen, says Dr Thomson in his Annals, was raised by Lavoisier to a very high rank among chemical substances. He considered it as the acidifying principle, as the only supporter of combustion, and as capable of uniting with, and modifying all other simple bodies. The modern discoveries in chemistry have deprived oxygen of a good deal of its dignity. Davy has shewn, that it forms alkalies as well as acids, and that many acids exist which contain no oxygen. It is not, therefore, the acidifying principle. This indeed is a doctrine which was all along maintained by Berthollet, whose sagacity in many points of chemical theory deserves the highest admiration. Oxygen has lost likewise the propetry of being the only simple supporter of combustion. For chlorine possesses that property perhaps in a greater degree than oxygen; with this curious exception, that charcoal will not burn in it, nor unite with it. Iodine is certainly a much less perfect supporter of combustion, since the only body observed to burn in it, is potassium.

The general result of some experiments of De Saussure, proves, that

the absorption of gases by porous s lid bodies, depends upon the san cause as the capillary attraction liquids. Chemical affinity doubtle has its effect, as it has also upon ca pillary attraction. Charcoal, meer chaum, ligniform asbestus, rock cor hydrophane, quartz, sulphate of lim mineral agaric, hazlewood, mulberr fir, linen thread, wool, and raw silk,we the solid bodies employed, and all them have the property of absorbin gases. Charcoal absorbs the most the gases, and the proportions absorbe by the other bodies, are nearly in th order in which they have been name Each of these substances absorb a do terminate quantity of every particula gas; but the order is not the sam for the different solid bodies indica ting the action of chemical affinity

Thus charcoal absorbs more nitro oxide, than carbonic acid gas; bu meerschaum absorbs more carboni acid gas than nitrous oxide. Th following table exhibits the numb of volumes of the different gases ab sorbed by dry box-wood charcoal.

Oxy carbureted hydr.......5 Hydrogen....................1.75 Water diminishes the power of so lid bodies, to absorb gases. when a solid body is saturated with a gas, the addition of water disen gages a portion of this gas. During the absorption of gases by solid bodies heat is disengaged, owing obvious! to the condensation of the gas, in the pores of the solid body.

Third Report of the Society for the suppression of Begging.

IN claiming the approbation of the public to our labours, and in directing their attention to our success, we have hitherto been obliged, to speak in our own person, and to appeal to the experience of our fellow-citizens, to estimate the value and success of our labours. This appeal was made, and amply answered; for the public acknowledged the truth of our assertion, that the practice of street-begging, with its corresponding train of evils, had nearly disappeared in this place; and that the injudicious and misplaced benevolence alone, which still continues to listen to the tale of misery, occasionally to be met with in our streets, renders complete success in our plan unattainable. As to what has been effected, however, notwithstanding this discouraging circumstance, we have no occasion now to be our own eulogists; since we have it in our power to appeal, in favour of the beneficial results of our labours, to the public testimony, given from a quarter perfectly well qualified to judge of and appretiate the extent and merit of our success. To this testimony, the Directors appeal with the more satisfaction, as it is a public record of the advantages which this institution possesses, as an useful coadjutor of a well-ordered system of police.

The Commissioners of Police, in the annual report of their proceedings, have publicly recorded their opinion in the following terms:→

"With respect, again, to the lower "description of offences, the Commit"tee are happy to observe, from an "abstract of the proceedings in the "Police Court, that a material re"duction in their number appears to "be taking place.

"They have further to congratu"late the Commissioners on the remo"val of one of the greatest evils with February 1816.

66

gars, with which this city was so "lately infested, has "lately infested, has now disap"peared. Whilst the attention of "the police-officers to this depart"ment is certainly of importance, "the Commissioners must be aware, "that it is to the institution of the "Society now alluded to, and to the "meritorious exertions of the indivi"duals who take an active charge in "its concerns, that the valuable improvement in this brauch of police is to be attributed."

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Gratified as the Society must be with this testimony, the Directors can accept of it only as the testimony of those who know, that, counteracted as we are by the falsely benevolent feelings of the public, complete success is unattainable; and that as much benefit has resulted from our exertions as can be expected, considering the disregard of duty, both to the public and the poor, still occasionally manifested by indiscriminate almsgiving in the street. The public must now be satisfied of the justness of those principles on which the Society acts, in affording relief to this description of human want: and we feel, that we merit the co-operation of the public, in carrying our scheme into effect. It is not merely by opening their purse, and supplying the Society with the means of relieving those who fall within the sphere of their charity, that the public can co-operate with them: they can do it much more effectually, by withholding the relief which is given without enquiry

and,