Abolitionist party, origin, 176; acces. sion of strength, 180. Adams, J., his casting vote gives Prest. power of removal, 151; adm. of, 157- 159; his breach with Hamilton, 160. Adams, J. Q., adm. of, 166-168. Adjournment of Congress, 36; by the Prest., 74.
Administration, of Washington, 147- 157; Adams, 157-159; Jefferson, 159- 161; Madison, 161-163; Monroe, 163- 166; J. Q. Adams, 166-168; Jackson, 168-175; Van Buren, 175-176; Harri- son and Tyler, 177-179; Polk, 179- 181; Taylor and Fillmore, 182-186; Pierce, 186-190; Buchanan, 190-196; Lincoln, 196-200; Johnson, 200-205; Grant, 205-216; Hayes, 216-220. Admiralty powers under Arts. of Con fed., 10; power of Congress, 45: juris- diction of Sup. Ct., 102-103, 106; of U. S. courts, 107-108, 126. See also Prizes.
Admission of States, 17, 19; submis-
sion of their constitutions to Con- gress, 251.
Adoption of Const., opposition to, 14, 148, 149.
Advisory Boards for legislatures, 264- 265.
Age of Congressmen, 28; of Senators, 33; of Prest., 68.
Agricultural statistics, 88. See also Granger.
Agriculture, Dept. of, 84; its duties,
Alabama secedes, 194.
Alabama settlement with England, 207. Alaska, purchase of, 115. Aldermen, defects of system, 272; should be made responsible, 274. Alien laws, 48-49, 141, 158-159. Aliens, power of Prest. to protect, $3; suits in which they are parties, 103, 109-110.
Alliance. See Treaty. Ambassadors, Continental Congress to send and to receive, 10; under Const. appointed by Prest., 73; suits affect- ing, 102, 103, 126.
Amendments to Const., 64, 66, 103, 110, 117-124, 160, 202, 205; how made, 17- 18; their provisions, 18-23; Sec. of State to give notice, 85; they form a bill of rights, 135-144; those pro- posed by Madison, 151-152; defeated, 167.
Amendments to State constitutions, provisions for, 253.
American party. See Know-Nothings. American register of ships, 237. Amnesty power taken from the Prest., 203.
Anti-Federalists, 148-149. Anti-Masonic party, 172. Anti slavery. See Abolitionist; Slavery. Appellate jurisdiction of Sup. Ct., 103, 126-132; of U. S. courts, 121-122; of Circuit courts, 133.
Appointing power of Prest., 73-74, 76- 78, 82-84, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 126, 151; share of Senate in, 34; how used since adm. of Jackson, 227; its evils, 227-228; efforts at reform, 228- 231. See also Civil service; Removal; Spoils; Tenure-of-office.
Appointment of State officers, 251-252, 254-257; of judges, 254–256. Apportionment of Congressmen, 28-31,
Appraisal of imports, Treas. Dept. to report to Congress rules for, 87. Appropriations, bills for, to originate in House of Rep., 36-37; money to be paid only by, 51; Treas. Dept. to keep account of, 85.
Arkansas, hesitates about secession, 194; secedes, 197.
Armics, power of Congress to raise, 45; appropriations for, limited to two years, 45, 46; power of States to maintain, limited, 56. See also Mili- tia.
Arms, right of people to bear, 19, 140- 141; does not apply to concealed weapons, 117-118.
Army, power of Continental Congress over, 11; of Congress over, 46; of Prest. over, 203; U. S. does not need
Bail, excessive, prohibited by Const. amend., 21, 122, 142.
Ballot, Prest. and Vice-Prest. to be chosen by, 66; its introduction in voting, 254.
Bank of U. S., disagreement as to its incorporation, 155; reorganization in 1811, 163; the failure to charter it, 170-171; Jackson removes U. S. deposits from, 172. See also Fiscal.
Bank notes. See Paper money. Banking corporations, influence upon State legislation, 257.
Bankruptcy, power of Natl. Govt. over, 16; of Congress, over, 42; writs of injunction in, 132. Banks, statistics of, 88. See also Na- tional banks; State banks. Battle of New Orleans, 162-163. Bell, J., nominated as Prest. by Const. Union party, 193.
Biennial sessions of State legislatures, 264-266.
Bill of attainder. See Attainder. Bill of rights in amends. to Const., 135-144.
Bills of credit, States prohibited from issuing, 52. Bi-metallism,
Blair, F. P., Jr., nominated as Vice- Prest., 205. Bland silver bill, 242. Blockades, power of Prest. to insti- tute, 83.
Bonds of U. S. not subject to taxation
by States, 39; natl. banks required to invest capital in, 198. See also Debt.
Bosses, political, 219, 265.
Brown, B. G., nominated as Vice- Prest. 208.
Buchanan, J., adm. of, 190-196. Bureau. Sée Census; Education; Freed- men's; Mint; Statistics.
Burr, A., contest with Jefferson for presidency, 159–160; duel with Ham- ilton, 160.
Butler nominated as Vice-Prest., 181. Butler, B. F., declares slaves to be contrabands of war, 197.
Cabinet, 83-84; that of Tyler resigns,
177-178; propriety of giving mem- bers seats in Congress, 247-249. Calhoun, J. C., elected Vice-Prest., 167, 168; advocacy of nullification,
California, cession to U. S., 180; ad- mission as a State, 183-184; its ac- tion on Chinese question, 240. Canal commissioners of States, 253. Capital of U. S., its location, 152, 153,
Capitation tax proportional to popula- tion, 51.
Captures. See Prizes. Carpet-baggers, 206.
Carrying trade, cfforts to restore, 237- 238.
Cass, L., nominated for presidency, 181.
Caucus, origin, 159; its evils, 232, 265; how to remedy them, 235. Censorship of the press, 137. Census, provision for taking, 28-31. Census Bureau, 93-94.
Centralization of power, 156, 158, 226. Charter governments of the colonies, 3. Charters, colonial, 2, 3. Chase, S. P., 43.
Chief Justice presides in impeachment of Prest., 82.
Chinese question, 239-241. Circuit courts established by Congress, 44; appeals to Sup. Ct. from, 126, 127; writs of ne exeat by judges of, 132. Citizens of the different States to be on an equality, 18; to be entitled to privileges of other States, 57-58, 60, 113-114; suits in which they are par- ties, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 110; juris-
diction of Sup. Ct. in cases between, 103, 105; entitled to equal protection of States, 122-123; their rights pro- tected more by States than by natl. govt., 250; their rights of voting at all elections, 251-252.
Citizenship of Congressmen,28; of Sen- ators, 33; defined, 113-114; freedmen admitted to, 202; qualifications for, 254. See also Naturalization. City. See Municipal.
Civil judgments in one State binding in others, 59.
Civil law, its administration chiefly in control of States, 250.
Civil rights, 22, 122-123, 124; passage of bill, 202.
Civil service, evils of, iv-v, viii; re- forms in, 77-78, 228-231, 235, 265. See also Appointing; Office-holders; Removals; Spoils.
Civil suits, right of jury in, secured by Const. amend., 21.
Civil War, 196-200; settlement of is- sues raised by it, iv-vi; Const. amends. caused by, 22; settled ques- tion of State rights, 26; a pretext for protective duties, 235-236. Claims of and against U. S. to be ad- justed by Treasury Dept., 85; inva- lidity of Southern, 22, 123-124. See also Examiner; Court of Claims. Clay, H., 165.
Clearance of vessels, 51.
Clerk of House of Representatives makes up roll of members, 32. Clinton, G., elected Vice-Prest., 161. Coast Survey, 88, 151. Cobden-Chevallier treaty, 238. Coercion of Judicial and Exec, Depts. by Congress, 35; of States, 194, 196. Coercive authority lacking in Conti- nental Congress, 11-12. Coffee, duty on, lowered, 238.
Coin of U. S. under charge of Treas. Dept., 87.
Coinage, power of, under Arts. of Confed., 11; under Const,, 42-43; States prohibited from, 52; of silver,
242. Colfax, S., elected Vice-Prest., 205. Colonial Congress, declaration of 1765, 4-5. See also Continental Congress. Colonies, their forms of government, 1-5. See also State legislatures. Color, discriminations against, prohib- ired by Const. amend., 22. Colorado, organization into a territory, 196; admission as a State, 211; min- ing regions of, 217. Commander-in-chief, 45-46, 73. Commerce, inter-state, 13, 51, 224; power of Congress to regulate, 40- 42; statistics of, 88; embargo act
for protection of, 161. See also Ex- ports; Free trade; Protective. Commercial crisis of 1837, 172, 176; of 1873, 210.
Commissions granted by Prest., 74. Common law, recognition of, in colo- nies, 2-3.
Compensation of, presidential electors, 71; for private property seized, 119. Competitive examinations, 229. Compromises in Const., 23-24. Concealed weapons, 118. Confederate govt., organization, 195. See also Southern States. Confederates, disabilities, 22, 123; in- validity of claims for losses, 22, 123- 124; iron-clad oath, 63-64. See also Southern States.
Confirmation by the Senate, 34-35, 73- 74, 80, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94. Congress, 27-64; its appointment power, 74; depts. to report to, 85, 87-88; Attorney-Gen. and Postmas- ter-Gen. to report to, 92; limitations on, 96-98, 101-102; power over juris- diction of U. S. courts, 104, 106-107, 108; its right of eminent domain, 119-120; claims before, 133-135; the first Congress, 149-153. See also Co- lonial; Continental; House of Rep.; Legislation; Senate.
Congressional districts, 30-31. Congressmen, their qualifications, 28; number, 29-31; disqualification for other offices during term, 36; oath to support Const., 63-64; cannot be prest. electors, 65; number in Madi- son's adm., 163.
Conklin, R., his resignation, 77. Connecticut, form of colonial govt., 3. Conspiracy not treason, 112. See also Sedition.
Constitution of U. S., 1-26; the su- preme law, 61-62; opposition to its adoption, 14, 148-149. See also Amendments; Constructions; Lim-
Constitutional Convention, 14. Constitutional law, its scope, 15. See also Laws.
Constitutional Union party. See Know- Nothings.
Constitutionality of Acts of Congress, why determined by judges, 97-102. Constitutions of the States, 1-8; their
changes and developments, 250-274. Constructions put upon Const., cause of parties, 173-175. See also Loose; Strict.
Consuls, appointed by Prest., 74; juris-
diction of Sup. Ct. in cases affecting, 102, 103; parties to actions, 126. Continental Congress, 5-7; its pow ers, 10-11; its inability to enforce
laws, 12, 27; a tribunal of last re- sort, 96. Continental paper money, amount and redemption of, 154.
Contraband of war, slaves declared to be, 197.
Contracts, States prohibited from im- pairing, 52-56; those of Treas. Dept. to be reported to Congress, 87; for postal service, 92, 93.
Convening Congress by Prest., 74. Conventions for nominating Prest., their beginning, 69-70; for amend. State consts., 253. Copyright, power of Congress over, 43-44.
Corporations, modification of State grants to, 53-56; have not the privi- leges of citizens, 58; empowered to exercise right of eminent domain, 119; grants of land to, 246-247; in- fluence upon State legislation, 257; minority representation in, 262. See also Municipal.
Corruption, of carpet-baggers, 207; provisions in State consts. against, 253; in city govts., 267.
Cotton, illegality of export duty on, 51; claims for seizure of, 133-134. Counsel in criminal prosecutions, 120. Counterfeiting, power of Congress to punish, 43.
Counting electoral votes, 66, 71, 213- 214.
County organizations, established by State constitutions, 253; debts in aid of railways, 260, 261. Court of Claims, appeals to Sup. Ct. from, 127; its jurisdiction, 133-135. Courtesy of the Senate, 76-78. Courts of last resort, their judgments final, 121. See also Circuit; District; | Judicial; State; Supreme. Courts martial, 120-121, 140. Credit, bills of, States prohibited from issuing, 52.
Credit of U. S. under Continental Congress, 12-13. See also Debt. Crime, no increase caused by Civil War, v.
Crimes committed in U. S. bldgs. cognizable in U. S. courts, 47. Criminal law, how guarded by Const. amend, 20-21; judgments in one State not binding in others, 59-60; jury trials obligatory, 110-112; in- dictments essential, 118; limitations on prosecutions, 120-121; its adm. chiefly in control of States, 250. See also Attainder; Ex post fucto. Criminals to be delivered up by the States, 18, 50, 58. See also Requi- sition.
Crittenden Compromise, 194.
Dallas, G. M., elected Vice-Prest., 179. Dartmouth College vs. Woodward, 53. Davis, J., elected Prest. of Confeder- ate govt., 195.
Death of Prest. and Vice-Prest., 79-81. Debt of U. S., payment and refunding
of, v; Continental Congress with- out power to pay, 11; practical re- pudiation under Continental Con- gress, 13; its validity secured by Const. amend., 22, 123; power of Congress to contract, 40; in charge of Treas. Dept., 86; its considera- tion in first Congress, 152, 153-155; its amount at close of War of 1812, 162; its decrease during adm. of Monroe, 166; extinguished during adm. of Jackson, 173; increased by Mexican War, 182; its payment in coin, 209-210; increased by Civil War, 227; its rapid decrease, 241,
See also Bonds. Debts, States cannot obstruct collec- tion of, 54; States prohibited from making them payable in anything but gold and silver, 52; contracted in aid of railways, 260-261. Debts of cities, 260-261, 267-271; neces- sity for their limitation, 273-274. Debts of States, validity of those contracted before adopting Const., 61; their amount and their assump- tion by natl. govt., 154-155; con- trolled by their consts., 253. Debts of Southern States, their invalid- ity, 23, 123: those created since Civil War, 206-207. Decentralization of power in States,
Decisions. See Judgments; Supreme Court.
Declaration of Independence, 6. Delaware, form of colonial govt., 3; withholds ratification to Articles of Confed., 9; secedes, 197.
Democratic-Republican party, 155. Democratic party, 155, 172; platform in 1848, 181; in 1852, 185-186; its division in 1860, 192-193; adopts Lib- eral Repub. candidates, 208; nomi- nates Tilden as Prest., 211; change of attitude in 1876, 214-216; nomi- nates Hancock as Prest., 217; plat- form in 1880, 218; its change of front loses it the election, 219; its principles, 220; its advocacy of civil service reform, 230; free tra- ders' relation to, 238-239. See aiso Republican (Old); Republican- Democratic.
Demonetization of silver, 241–242. Departments. See Agriculture; In- terior; Justice; Navy; Post-office; State; Treasury; War.
Deposits of U. S., withdrawn from U. S. Bank, 172; placed in U. S. treas- ury, 176.
Diplomatic affairs in charge of State Dept., 84-85.
Disabilities of rebels, 22, 123. Disbursements. See Expenditures. Discriminating legislation, 113-114. Discrimination in railway rates, 225. Disputes between the States, settle- ment of, under Arts. of Confed., 10. Disqualification of Congressmen and Senators for other offices during term, 36.
District attorneys, 90.
District courts, 44, 126, 127, 132. District of Columbia, jurisdiction of Congress over, 47; appeals from its Sup. Ct. to U. S. Sup. Ct., 127. Districts in which trials shall be held, 120, 132.
Dock-yards, jurisdiction of Congress over, 47.
Documents, public, 94.
Dodge, Free Soil party nominate, as Vice-Prest. in 1848, 182. Domestic violence, U. S. to protect States from, 59. See also Insurrec- tions.
Door-keeper of House of Rep., 32. Douglass, S. A. nominated as Prest. by Northern Democrats, 193. Dred Scott decision, 190-191. Duties. See Customs; Free trade; Imports: Internal revenue; Pro- tective; Revenue.
Education, grants of lands to States for, 115; of colored children, 124. Education, Bureau of, 94. Election of Congressmen, time and mode, 31-32; House of Rep. sole judge of, 36.
Election of judges, 254-256.
mode, 160; defeat of further attempt to change mode, 167; Jackson recom- mends change in mode, 169–170. Election of Senators, 33; Senate sole judge of, 36.
Elections. See Ballot; Suffrage. Electoral College, 65–72. Electoral Commission of 1876, 72, 214- 216.
Electors of Congressmen, their quali- fications, 28; penalty for abridging their rights, 29.
Electors of Prest., 65, 72. Emancipation proclamation, 197. Embargo act, 161.
Emigration, tax of N. Y. illegal, 56–57; a cause of prosperity, 237. Eminent domain, 55, 119-120. Employés. See Office-holders; State. Engineers. See State. England, critical relations with, during Washington's adm., 157; France de- sires U. S. to assist in war against, 158; relations with, 161, 163; orders in council, 161; War of 1812, 162–163; settlement of Oregon question, 181; how its system of parties differs from U. S., 231-232; benefits of her free trade policy, 238. Errors. See Appeals. Europe, U. S. opposition to its inter- ference with affairs of N. Am. con- tinent, 165-166.
Everett, E., nominated as Vice-Prest. by Const. Union party, 193. Examiner of Claims, 90. Executive Dept., 65-95; its weakness under Articles of Confed., 12, 27; coercion of Congress over, 35. See also National government. Executive officers, oath to support Const., 63-64. See also Cabinet; President; State. Exemplification acts, 57. Expenditures, Treasury Dept. to keep account of, 85-86; to be published quarterly, 88-89.
Exports, taxes on, prohibited, 51; Treas. Dept. to prepare statistics of, 86; at close of Jackson's adm., 173; increase during Hayes' adm., 217. Ex post facto laws prohibited, 50-51, 52, 111. Expulsion of Congressmen and Sena- tors, 36.
Extradition. See Requisition.
Federal party, 148-149; its advocacy of central power, 156; its success, 157; causes of unpopularity, 158, 159; weakened, 160; further weakened, 161, 162; its disappearance, 174. Felonies on the high seas, 45.
Election of Prest., 65-72; change in Fillmore, M., adm. of, 182-186.
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