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FOREWORD

THIS book deals, first of all, with what is now going on -with Facts; secondly, with the Principles underlying actual conditions; thirdly, with Tendencies so far as they can be inferred from close and impartial consideration of facts and principles.

No attempt is made to fit facts to a preconceived theory, or stretch any stubbornly held theory to cover unrelated facts. Such notions as the writer holds have been slowly developed during years of intimate contact with many forms of coöperation, and the best evidence to himself that he has been open-minded in his observations is that nearly all his early ideas regarding competition and coöperation have been forced to yield to the pressure of realities.

The reader will also be interested to know that many of the suggestions-even to the most radical-have been tested in practice.

In so far as the book has any merit whatsoever it is of as much value to the laborer as to the employer, to the country mechanic and merchant as to the large corporation and trust.

Certain chapters-"The New Competition," "The OpenPrice Association," "Brutal Competition," and "The Trust Problem, Segregation vs. Disintegration"-appeared in condensed form in The World's Work.

FOREWORD TO FOURTH REVISED EDITION

The friendly reception accorded this book has been far beyond the expectations of publisher and writer.

Better still has been the practical and successful application of some of its suggestions by keen and progressive

business men, who advocate in print and in public addresses the adoption of the open price policy.

The passing of the Clayton and Trade Commission Laws marks a radical step toward finer and fairer competitive methods; hence the inclusion of those laws in this revised edition.

Chicago, June, 1915.

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