and the little fellow, 161; un-
fair competition and, 161;
vanishing industries, 241.
OPEN-PRICE POLICY, advantages
of, 146; in America and
Europe, III; false statements
regarding bids and, 200.
Oriental customs prevail with
manufacturers and contract-
ors, III, II2.

Over-capacity normal, 255.

PANICS and coöperation, 265;
cost of, 259; money proposi-
tions, 260.

Partnerships, 45.
Patents, utilization of, to con-
trol trade, 70.
PEAK LOAD and its demand
upon merchants and manufac-
turers, 254; and the question
of idle labor, 255; in rela-
tion to price and capacity,
256.
Pennsylvania, class legislation
in, 326.

Pennsylvania railroad, 187.
PENSIONS, 164, 172, 183; paid
by certain corporations, 185;
government protection of
funds, 188; paid by state in
industries a socialistic propo-
sition, 187; to soldiers and
sailors, 185.

People vs. Sugar Refining Co., 6.
Perfection, rivalry incentive
towards, 18.
Philosophy of trade, 203.

Playgrounds, 165.

Political economy, approval of

brutal maxims of, 287; dis-
mal science, 204.
POLITICIANS and combinations
of capitalists, 10; and com-
binations of labor, 9; and
competition, 5; suppression
of competition in products of
soil favored by, 9.
POOLS, see COMBINATIONS.
Post, parcel, 39.

PRICE, see Open-price policy;
arbitrary adjustment of, to
cost, 263; and coöperation,
49; and cost discussed by
Adam Smith, 243; as af-
fected by integrated indus-
tries, 282; as affected by
open-price associations, 106,
141, 151; buying below cost,
230; consumer and a stable,
216; development of large
establishments, 121; discrimi-
nation in, between parties
and localities condemned,
355; distinction between fair
and right, 263; fair, uniform,
and stable, essential, 67, 213;
false statements regarding,
355; federal regulation of,
chimerical, 291; fixed, 119;
fixed by farmers' societies,
51; fixed, may be very desir-
able, 213; ignoring the man
who pays, 57; implied agree-
ments to control, 125; impos-
sible to keep men to a fixed,
138; inspection of, by gov-
ernment agents, 230; knowl-
edge regarding, keeps prices
stable, 126; marking in
cipher, 112, 117; matter of

social concern, 217; meetings
to compare, 124; on stock ex-
change, 120; open, as a labor
saving device, 117; oriental
method, III; peak load and,
252; rise and fall of, with
relation to cost, 256; scien-
tific proposition, 264; secret,
is cumbersome, 117; secret, is
wasteful, 121; should never
fall below cost, 265; should
vary with cost, 257; stable,
as compared with stable
wages, 228; storms like
wind storms, 119; suppressed,
119; and trusts, 51; unions
to advance, 52; what is a
fair, 243; what is a fixed,
116; what is an open, 115;
where stable, 120.
Price discrimination, 81; see
also Clayton Law and Trade
Commission; also Unfair
Methods of Competition.
Production and coöperation, 49.
Profit an individual matter,

price of social concern, 216.
PROGRESS and large producers,
62; and morality, 17; is co-
operation, II, 18; in last
fifteen years, 62; signs of
change, 68.

Protection as opposed to cer-

tain trade maxims, 209.
PUBLIC and strikes, 305; atti-
tude of, towards competition,
16; bears all costs of operat-
ing railroads, 305; distrusts
secrecy, 225; interested in de-
mands for increased wages
by railroad employes, 311;

RAILROADS, employes of, de-
mands by, parties interested,
306; employes of, scheme of
integration, 297; employes
of, suggested programme on
presentation of demands,
307; firemen of, demands by,
305 note; questions of, in rate
controversies, 219; Sherman
Law and, 172; strike pend-
ing, 302; under Interstate
Commerce Law, 215; vicious
conditions in, under old com-
petition, 221; workings of
traffic associations, 221 note.
Railway associations, 53.
Rebates and secret prices
eliminated by open price
policy, 150.

Remedies proposed, 291.
Re-sale prices, 67, 69, 83.
Restraint of competition rea-
sonable, 6.

RETAIL stores, 48 note.
RETAIL TRADE, associations and
customers, 57; association in-
cluding employes, 57; mail
order and department stores,

66; one-price policy, 91, 110;
unfair competition and, 55.
RIGHTS, dependent upon rela-
tions, 211; discussed in con-
nection with so-called right
to strike, 317; of a man to do
as he pleases with his own,
288; supposed, to sell below
cost, 289; what sellers should
not do, 217.

Ripley, W. Z., 207 note.
RIVALRY and competition, 21;
in brute competition, 18;
true, 18.
Roosevelt urges formation co-
öperative societies, 37 note.

Safety appliances, 164, 168.
Sahlin, Axel, 276 note.
Sales, false statements regard-
ing, 355.

Sanitary conditions, 164.
Saw mills, combination of, 280.
Scheme of steel industry, 275.
Science of trade not yet writ-

ten, 203.

Seager, H. R., 179 note.
SECRECY, basis of false compe-
tition, 105; eliminated in
true competition, 87; yielding
to publicity, 10.

Segregation, what it means,
274.

SELLERS AND BUYERS, see BUYERS

AND SELLERS.

SHERMAN ACT, 34, 74, 76;
aimed at size, 349; a coöper-
ation of farmers and labor-
ers, 334; destructive in pur-
pose, 36, 274, 347; does it ap-
ply to existing conditions,

340; exemption labor unions
and, 328; repeal of, opposed,
350; not enforced against
certain classes, 34, 330;
obsolete and mischievous,
351; railroads and, 172, 215;
railroad associations and,
224 note; results of enforc-
ing, against large corpora-
tions, 269; standard forms of
contracts and, 201; strikes by
railroad unions and, 303.
Signs of change, 69.
Smith, Adam, discussion of
price and cost, 243.
Smuggling, 46.

Social progress and evolution,
13.

Social relations in advance of
biological evolution, 14.
SOCIALISM and anti-trust laws,
4; and competition, 3; growth
of, 3; labor unionism and, 3.
Society, foundation of, is co-
öperation, 24.

South Dakota, class legislation
in, 325; law against unfair
competition in, 78.

Spencer, Herbert, 46 note.
Squier, L. W., 179 note.
Standard Oil Company, 28, 59,

60, 63, 104, 124, 187, 272.
State vs. Brayton, 78.

State vs. Central Lumber Com-
pany, 78.
Statistics, mortality, in U. S.,
179 note.

STEEL INDUSTRY, interdepend-
ence of several units of, 276;
line of normal competition,
279; scheme of, 275.

Steel manufacturers, combina-

tion of, in Germany, 127 note.
STRIKES, attitude of govern-
ment toward, 302; contrary
to social progress, 304; must
go, 307; strike breakers and,
31.

Struggle and competition, 21.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND as de-
scribed by Adam Smith, 244;
theory of, criticised, 248;
wide fluctuations in, under
old competition, 251.
Suppressed competition illegal,

95.

Syndicates, number of, in Ger-

many, 372.

Taft, President, on right of
labor to strike, 341; urges
formation coöperative SO-
cieties, 37 note.
Tamarack Association of Michi-
gan, 339.

Tariff and Tin Plate Industry,
207; as opposed to certain
trade maxims, 209.
TENNESSEE, class legislation in,
327; tobacco associations of,
333; vegetable associations

of, 333.
TEXAS, law against selling be-
low cost or giving away in,
75; Rice Growers' Associa-
tion in, 333; Truck Growers'

Association in, 333, 339.
Thomas vs. C. N. O. & T. P.
Ry., 341.

Times are changing, 10.

TIN PLATE Industry, attitude of

government toward, 209; and
the tariff, 207.

Tobacco company, 130, 272.
Tobacco growers' associations,

333.

Tobacco Society, 37 note.
Trade anarchist, 121.
TRADE, maxims of, 204; max-
ims of, certain anarchistic,
212; philosophy of, 204;
science of, not yet written,
203; tricks of, 58, 67; vicious
conditions in, under old com-
petition, 221.

Trade Commission, 69, 80, 84,
357; law in full, 397-408; per-
sonnel of, 358, 397; and re-
sale prices, 69, 83; preventive
rather than punitive, 84, 400;
trade commissioners, 397.
Traffic associations, workings
of, 221 note.

TRUE COMPETITION, see COMPE-
TITION, TRUE.

TRUSTS, see also CORPORATIONS,
combinations and, in Ger
many, 368; condemned, even
though they have benefited
the community, 342; disin-
tegration and, 272; have
their birth in competition,
105; hypocrisy of those who
assail, 47; laws against, 34;
logical development, 45;
prices and, 51; problem of,
271; the result of competi-
tion, 45, 50 note; rights of,
as against small competitors,
14; segregation versus disin-
tegration, 271; shortcomings
of, 46; socialism and anti-

larger, 345; era of, 5; forms
of, 45; foundation of prog-
ress, 18; foundation of so-
ciety, 24; growth of, 38; is
progress, 11, 24; is trade, 10;

means a

broader outlook,

157; midway between selfish
individualism and socialism,
164; more of, needed, 103; of
labor, farmers and manufac-
turers here to stay, 333; pro-
duction and prices and, 49;
promoted by true competi-
tion, 30; railway associations
and, 53; rise and fall of, in
history, 25; sellers' organiza-
tions and, 53; societies for,
urged by President Taft,
Colonel Roosevelt, 37 note;
suppressed by anti-trust laws,
28; to reduce prices, 52; to
reduce speculative elements
of business, 214; to take in
consumer, 54-
CORPORATIONS,

see also

TRUSTS; and brutal competi-
tion, 61; laws limiting size
of, 48.

COST, a scientific system, 153;
selling below, 82, 267-270;

57; the element of labor and,
163; Texas law against sell-
ing below, 75; uniform system
of, recommended, 354.
Cote vs. Murphy, 344.
Cotton growers' organizations,
332.

Cotton growers restrain com-
petition, 9.

Coulter, J. L., 330.
COURTS, and brutal competition,
80; attitude of English, to-
wards combinations, 363;
attitude of German, towards
unfair competition, 372; at-
titude of German, towards
trusts, 370; being terrorized,
323; class legislation uncon-
stitutional, 324 note, 328 note;
have already approved combi-
nations of labor, fixed wages,
340; opinions of, referring to
competition, 6; Sugar Refin-
ing Co. case and, 6.
Crane builders, competition be-

tween, 92.

Curran vs. Galen, 341.
Customers, relations with, 158.

211.

Demagogues, 47.

DEMAND AND SUPPLY analyzed,
258; shifting from object to
object, or from all objects to
money, 259.
Department stores, 60, 66.
Disintegration and integration,
30, 274.

Distances, annihilation of, 39.