SPECIFICATIONS AND CONTRACT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SYSTEM OF SEWERS FOR THE VILLAGE OF SARANAC LAKE, FRANKLIN COUNTY, N. Y. PREPARED BY OLIN H. LANDRETH, C. E., SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR SEWERS

Excavation of trench-The ditch shall be excavated along the lines designated by the engineer and to the depths given by him. The contractor shall notify the said engineer whenever he desires a new trench or any portion thereof laid out, and shall furnish all necessary assistance required for this purpose, as well as all planks, stakes, spikes or twine that may be required. The engineer shall have the right to limit the amount of ditch that may be opened in advance of the work. Should the ditch be excavated below the depths given, the contractor shall refill the same compactly to the proper depth with suitable material at his own expense. The engineer may order any ditch braced or sheeted that he may deem necessary for the protection of life or property, nor shall the contractor receive any extra compen

sation for such bracing or sheeting unless the same be left in the ditch by order of the engineer in writing. In such cases he will be paid for the lumber at the price bid, without additional compensation for labor in putting in position.

The contractor will be responsible for any damage done to gas, water or sewer pipes that he may encounter in the line of the ditch, and in the case of service pipes he shall replace them at his own expense. But should the line of ditch, as laid out by the engineer, intersect any gas, water or sewer main in such a manner as to necessitate its removal or relaying, the contractor will be paid for such change or removal as specified under "extra work."

In backfilling all trenches the earth must be properly rammed to a degree depending upon the nature of the pavement. In cases approved by the engineer, the contractor may use water, at his own expense, for the purpose. In general, the ditch shall be refilled in layers of not exceeding six inches in depth, and the number of rammers shall be at least half the number of men engaged in filling in. But it is distinctly understood that the contractor is responsible for the proper and lasting restoration of the surface of the street until such time as the final reserve is paid him. The ditch shall be excavated on the bottom to a width at least one foot greater than the external diameter of the sewer, and in such a manner that the pipe may be laid in perfectly straight lines without approaching nearer to the sides of the trench than four inches.

Rock-Rock will be paid for by the cubic yard. At manholes, flushtanks or other excavations in which sewers or pipes are not laid, the amount of rock paid for will be the actual amount excavated, provided such excavation does not extend further than one foot outside the ground plan of the structure to be erected, including footing course. Along the trench rock will be estimated at one-eighth of a cubic yard for each foot in length and depth. The width of rock trenches at the bottom shall not be less than that specified for earth. All rock shall be excavated not less than six inches below the bottom of the pipe, and before pipe-laying the ditch shall be filled to the proper grade

with suitable material and well compacted. Boulders containing more than one-fifth of a cubic yard shall be paid for as rock. Earth above rock will be paid for according to its.actual depth below the surface of the ground.

Pipe-laying-No pipes shall be laid except in the presence of the engineer or his authorized inspector. The contractor shall notify the engineer whenever he is ready to lay pipe in any particular trench. The engineer shall have power to order the removal and relaying of any pipe laid contrary to his orders or during his absence from the work, but it shall be the duty of the said engineer or his assistant to be present, whenever so notified, in order that there may be no delay in the execution of the work.

Unless directed to the contrary by the engineer in writing, all pipe must be laid in perfectly straight lines from manhole to manhole, as it is a necessary condition of acceptance of the work that all pipe after being laid must be capable of inspection by artificial or natural light from end to end.

The engineer may use such means as he deems proper for giving line and grade. In general it will be done by means of a cord suspended directly over the line of pipe at a given distance above grade. The contractor shall furnish and set necessary cross planks and uprights for securing this line in position.

As a rule the joints will be made with gasket of oakum caulked into the bell, and with cement. The gasket shall be in one continuous piece and of sufficient thickness to bring the bottoms of the two pipes in the same line. The remainder of the space shall be filled with neat Portland cement pressed in by hand, the latter being protected by rubber mittens, and neatly beveled on the outside. In special cases, to be determined by the engineer, the joints shall be made as follows: A gasket of oakum, as above specified, shall be caulked into the pipe; after there shall be caulked into the pipe, with a caulking tool and a light mallet, a sufficient number of prepared strands of oakum to three-quarters fill the bell after being caulked; the joint shall then be finished with cement as above. The strands of oakum shall be prepared by saturation with cement, asphalt or

coal tar, as the engineer may direct. The contractor shall be paid for each special joint in accordance with his bid therefor.

All pipe must be covered with at least two feet of earth before the cement has set. The earth must be filled in half way up the sides of the pipe and carefully tamped around and under. No pebbles larger than one inch in diameter shall be used in this portion of the work. After the earth has been well tamped under and about the pipe the ditch shall be at once filled in for a height of about two feet above the top of the sewer and that layer tamped by hand. In this portion no stones larger than two inches in diameter shall be used. In the remaining part mixed earth and rock may be used, but no large stone shall be placed over or near a " Y " branch.

Tunnels-No tunnels will be permitted except under written permission of the engineer.

"Y" branches-The contractor will place "Y" branches opposite a designated point in front of each lot. When the latter is of greater width than 50 feet one branch will be used for every 50 feet or fraction. The total number of branches on any size of pipe will not average more than five to the hundred lineal feet. All branches must be closed with a galvanized iron cover plastered with an inch of natural cement mortar. In such cases as the engineer may think proper the covers must be cemented in the branch at least one day before the pipe is laid. The contractor must allow no person to make connection with the "Y" branch in the street except under written order from the Board. The engineer shall have the right, however, to connect with the sewers any drain that is disturbed by the construction, provided that its connection is in accordance with the adopted plumbing regulations.

Iron pipe-Iron pipe shall in general be of the thickness listed for 100-foot head. It shall be laid with lead-caulked joints in the same manner as pipe intended to carry water under pressure. It will be paid for by the ton, the price including all lead, oakum, etc., and the labor of placing in the trench.

Creeks and watercourses-Where pipe crosses any creek or watercourse, the sewer, if of terra cotta, shall be surrounded with well-puddled clay, properly tamped. When iron pipe is used there shall be a bulkhead of clay at each end of the pipe, extending from the bottom to a point above high water. The additional cost, if any, is to be included in the price bid for that class of pipe or work.

Pipe, how measured-The pipe shall be measured from the center of the manhole, lamphole or center of the main sewer from which it starts to the center of the manhole, lamphole, flushtank or sewer at which it ends.

Manholes-Manholes in detail shall be in accordance with the drawings. They shall be constructed of hard, well-burned brick, plastered on the outside with natural cement mortar and washed on the inside with clear cement grout. They must be three feet inside diameter at the bottom and two feet four inches at the top. Wrought iron steps of the form shown on the drawings shall be placed at vertical intervals of 15 inches. The iron cover of the manholes shall weigh not less than 325 pounds. The sewer channel at the bottom shall be of split sewer pipe well bedded in concrete. In cases where the vertical distance between the bottom of the manhole and the incoming sewer is more than two feet the contractor will arrange the incoming pipes in such a manner as to give a gentle fall to the sewer and at the same time leave the pipe open to inspection. The additional work and material in such cases will be included in the price bid for manholes.

Lampholes-Lampholes will be constructed by placing a "T" in the line of the sewer and carrying vertical pipe to the surface of the ground. The vertical pipe will in all cases (under 15 inches) be of the same size as the sewer. The iron cover shall have the form shown in the drawing and weigh not less than 250 pounds. It shall rest on a foundation of concrete 6 inches thick and 21 feet in diameter. Lamphole covers shall not be set until at least two months after the sewer is laid.

Flushtanks-Flushtanks shall have the inside diameter shown in the drawings. The side shall be carried up vertical for a distance of 4 feet above the top of the pipe. They shall be of S-inch