as such, or in such pretended character, demands or obtains or attempts to obtain any money, paper, document, or other thing of value, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 743.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on section 232 of title 22, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Foreign Relations and Intercourse (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VIII, § 2, 40 Stat. 226; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, § 6, 54 Stat. 80). Reference to "Jurisdiction" of the United States was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "United States" in section 5 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) Minor changes were made in phraseology. Reference to offense as a misdemeanor was omitted in view of definitive section 1 of this title. (See, also, reviser's note under section 212 of this title.) Words "upon conviction thereof" were omitted as punishment cannot be imposed until conviction is secured. Minor changes were made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Red Cross, fraudulent wearing or display of sign of, see section 706 of this title. Sec. 951. 952. 953. 954. 955. CANAL ZONE 962. 963. 964. § 916. 4-H club members or agents. Whoever, falsely and with intent to defraud, holds himself out as or represents or pretends himself to be a member of, associated with, or an agent or representative for the 4-H clubs, an organization established by the Extension Service of the United States Department of Agriculture and the land grant colleges, shall be fined not more than $300 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 743.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., 76c (June 5, 1939, ch. 184, § 1, 53 Stat. 809). Section 76c of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., was incorporated in this section and section 707 of this title. Reference to offense as a misdemeanor was omitted in view of definitive section 1 of this title. (See reviser's note under section 212 of this title.) Words "upon conviction thereof" were omitted, since criminal punishment can follow only after conviction. Minor changes were made in phraseology. CROSS REFERENCES 4-H Club emblem fraudulently used, penalty, see section 707 of this title. § 917. Red Cross members or agents. Whoever, within the United States, falsely or fraudulently holds himself out as or represents or pretends himself to be a member of or an agent for the American National Red Cross for the purpose of soliciting, collecting, or receiving money or material, shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 743.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on section 4 of title 36, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Patriotic Societies and Observances (Jan. 5, 1905, ch. 23, § 4, 33 Stat. 600; June 23, 1910, ch. 372, § 1, 36 Stat. 604). Section 4 of title 36, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Patriotic Societies and Observances, was divided into this section and section 706 of this title. Reference to "jurisdiction" of the United States was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "United States" in section 5 of this title. 965. 966. 967. 968. 969. Chapter 45.-FOREIGN RELATIONS Agents of foreign governments. Diplomatic codes and correspondence. Private correspondence with foreign governments. False statements influencing foreign government. Financial transactions with foreign governments. Conspiracy to injure property of foreign government. Possession of property in aid of foreign government. Commission to serve against friendly nation. Enlistment in foreign service. Expedition against friendly nation. Strengthening armed vessel of foreign nation. Detention of armed vessel. Delivering armed vessel to belligerent nation. Verified statements as prerequisite to vessel's departure. Departure of vessel forbidden for false statements. Departure of vessel forbidden in aid of neutrality. Exportation of war materials to certain countries. Exportation of arms, liquors and narcotics to Pacific Islands, False representation as foreign diplomat, consul or officers, see section 915 of this title. Foreign government, definition of, see section 11 of this title. Jurisdiction of offenses, see section 3241 of this title. § 952. Diplomatic codes and correspondence. Whoever, by virtue of his employment by the United States, obtains from another or has or has had custody of or access to, any official diplomatic code or any matter prepared in any such code, or which purports to have been prepared in any such code, and without authorization or competent authority, willfully publishes or furnishes to another any such code or matter, or any matter which was obtained while in the process of transmission between any foreign government and its diplomatic mission in the United States, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 743.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on section 135 of title 22, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Foreign Relations and Intercourse (June 10, 1933, ch. 57, 48 Stat. 122). Minor changes of phraseology were made. CROSS REFERENCES Classified information, disclosure by Government official, penalty for, see section 783 (b) (d) of Title 50, War and National Defense. Classified information, disclosure of, see section 798 of this title. § 953. Private correspondence with foreign govern ments. Any citizen of the United States, wherever he may be, who, without authority of the United States, directly or indirectly commences or carries on any correspondence or intercourse with any foreign government or any officer or agent thereof, with intent to influence the measures or conduct of any foreign government or of any officer or agent thereof, in relation to any disputes or controversies with the United States, or to defeat the measures of the United States, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. This section shall not abridge the right of a citizen to apply, himself or his agent, to any foreign government or the agents thereof for redress of any injury which he may have sustained from such government or any of its agents or subjects. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 744.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 5 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 5, 35 Stat. 1088; Apr. 22, 1932, ch. 126, 47 Stat. 132). The reference to any citizen or resident within the jurisdiction of the United States not duly authorized "who counsels, advises or assists in such correspondence with such intent" was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of principal in section 2. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) Minor changes of arrangement and in phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. § 954. False statements influencing foreign govern ment. Whoever, in relation to any dispute or controversy between a foreign government and the United States, willfully and knowingly makes any untrue statement, either orally or in writing, under oath before any person authorized and empowered to administer oaths, which the affiant has knowledge or reason to believe will, or may be used to influence the measures or conduct of any foreign government, or of any officer or agent of any foreign government, to the injury of the United States, or with a view or intent to influence any measure of or action by the United States or any department or agency thereof, to the injury of the United States, shall be fined not more § 955. Financial transactions with foreign governments. Whoever, within the United States, purchases or sells the bonds, securities, or other obligations of any foreign government or political subdivision thereof or any organization or association acting for or on behalf of a foreign government or political subdivision thereof, issued after April 13, 1934, or makes any loan to such foreign government, political subdivision, organization or association, except a renewal or adjustment of existing indebtedness, while such government, political subdivision, organization or association, is in default in the payment of its obligations, or any part thereof, to the United States, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both. This section is applicable to individuals, partnerships, corporations, or associations other than public corporations created by or pursuant to special authorizations of Congress, or corporations in which the United States has or exercises a controlling interest through stock ownership or otherwise. While any foreign government is a member both of the International Monetary Fund and of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, this section shall not apply to the sale or purchase of bonds, securities, or other obligations of such government or any political subdivision thereof or of any organization or association acting for or on behalf of such government or political subdivision, or to making of any loan to such government, political subdivision, organization, or association. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 744.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on section 804a of title 31, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Money and Finance (Apr. 13, 1934, ch. 112, §§ 1, 2, 48 Stat. 574). Words "within the United States" were substituted for "within the jurisdiction" etc., in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. Words "upon conviction thereof" were omitted from first paragraph as surplusage since punishment cannot be imposed until a conviction is secured. Minor changes were made in phraseology. SENATE REVISION AMENDMENT An additional paragraph was added to the text of this section by Senate amendment, which was taken from sec tion 804b of Title 31 U. S. C., Money and Finance. Therefore, as finally enacted, such section 804b and the Acts from which it was derived (Act Apr. 13, 1934, ch. 112, § 3, as added July 31, 1945, ch. 339, § 9, 59 Stat. 516), were an additional source of this section. See Senate Report No. 1620, amendment No. 9, 80th Cong. CROSS REFERENCES Export-Import Bank of Washington as exempt from the provisions of former section 804a of Title 31, from which this section was, in part, derived, see section 635h of Title 12, Banks and Banking. § 956. Conspiracy to injure property of foreign government. (a) If two or more persons within the jurisdiction of the United States conspire to injure or destroy specific property situated within a foreign country and belonging to a foreign government or to any political subdivision thereof with which the United States is at peace, or any railroad, canal, bridge, or other public utility so situated, and if one or more such persons commits an act within the jurisdiction of the United States to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to the conspiracy shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. (b) Any indictment or information under this section shall describe the specific property which it was the object of the conspiracy to injure or destroy. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 744.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on section 234 of title 22, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Foreign Relations and Intercourse (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VIII, § 5, 40 Stat. 226). CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Jurisdiction of offenses, see section 3241 of this title. Letters, writings, etc., in violation of this section as nonmailable, see section 1717 of this title. § 957. Possession of property in aid of foreign government. Whoever, in aid of any foreign government, knowingly and willfully possesses or controls any property or papers used or designed or intended for use in violating any penal statute, or any of the rights or obligations of the United States under any treaty or the law of nations, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 745.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed. § 98 (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XI, § 22, 40 Stat. 230; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, § 8, 54 Stat. 80). Definition of "foreign government" was omitted and is incorporated in section 11 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) Minor changes were made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Letters of writings nonmailable, see section 1717 of this title. Jurisdiction of offenses under this section, see section 3241 of this title. Letters, writings, etc., in violation of this section as nonmailable, see section 1717 of this title. § 958. Commission to serve against friendly nation. Any citizen of the United States who, within the jurisdiction thereof, accepts and exercises a commission to serve a foreign prince, state, colony, district, or people, in war, against any prince, state, colony, district, or people, with whom the United States is at peace, shall be fined not more than $2,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 745.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 21 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 9, 35 Stat. 1089). Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) Minor changes in phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Right of expatriation, generally, see sections 800-810 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. § 959. Enlistment in foreign service. (a) Whoever, within the United States, enlists or enters himself, or hires or retains another to enlist or enter himself, or to go beyond the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to be enlisted or entered in the service of any foreign prince, state, colony, district, or people as a soldier or as a marine or seaman on board any vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. (b) This section shall not apply to citizens or subjects of any country engaged in war with a country with which the United States is at war, unless such citizen or subject of such foreign country shall hire or solicit a citizen of the United States to enlist or go beyond the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to enlist or enter the service of a foreign country. Enlistments under this subsection shall be under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army. (c) This section and sections 960 and 961 of this title shall not apply to any subject or citizen of any foreign prince, state, colony, district, or people who is transiently within the United States and enlists or enters himself on board any vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer, which at the time of its arrival within the United States was fitted and equipped as such, or hires or retains another subject or citizen of the same foreign prince, state, colony, district, or people who is transiently within the United States to enlist or enter himself to serve such foreign prince, state, colony, district, or people on board such vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer, if the United States shall then be at peace with such foreign prince, state, colony, district, or people. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 745.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 22, 30 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §§ 10, 18, 35 Stat. 1089, 1091; May 7, 1917, ch. 11, 40 Stat. 39). Section consolidates said sections of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed. Last sentence of section 30 of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., relating to piracy and treason, was omitted as unnecessary. Words "within the United States" were substituted for "within the jurisdiction" etc., in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. References in subsection (c) to sections 960 and 961 of this title are to the only other sections to which the subsection can apply. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) Minor changes were made in phraseology, CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. § 960. Expedition against friendly nation. Whoever, within the United States, knowingly begins or sets on foot or provides or prepares a means for or furnishes the money for, or takes part in, any military or naval expedition or enterprise to be carried on from thence against the territory or dominion of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people with whom the United States is at peace, shall be fined not more than $3,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 745.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 25 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 13, 35 Stat. 1090; June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title V, § 8, 40 Stat. 223). Words "within the United States" were substituted for "within the jurisdiction" etc., in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. Reference to territory or possessions of the United States was omitted as covered by definitive section 5 of this title. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Foreign transients, application of section to, see section 959 (c) of this title. Jurisdiction of offenses, see section 3241 of this title. Letters, writings, etc., in violation of this section as nonmailable, see section 1717 of this title. § 961. Strengthening armed vessel of foreign nation. Whoever, within the United States, increases or augments the force of any ship of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel which, at the time of her arrival within the United States, was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel, in the service of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people, or belonging to the subjects or citizens of any such prince or state, colony, district, or people, the same being at war with any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people, with whom the United States is at peace, by adding to the number of the guns of such vessel, or by changing those on board of her for guns of a larger caliber, or by adding thereto any equipment solely applicable to war, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 746.). LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 24 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 12, 35 Stat. 1090). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "principal" in section 2 of this title. Mandatory punishment was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) Words "within the United States" were substituted for "within the territory or jurisdiction" etc., in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. Minor changes in phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Foreign transients, application of section to, see section 959 (c) of this title. § 962. Arming vessel against friendly nation. Whoever, within the United States, furnishes, fits out, arms, or attempts to furnish, fit out or arm, any vessel, with intent that such vessel shall be employed in the service of any foreign prince, or state, or of any colony, district, or people, to cruise, or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens, or property of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people with whom the United States is at peace; or Whoever issues or delivers a commission within the United States for any vessel, to the intent that she may be so employed Shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Every such vessel, her tackle, apparel, and furniture, together with all materials, arms, ammunition, and stores which may have been procured for the building and equipment thereof, shall be forfeited, one half to the use of the informer and the other half to the use of the United States. 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 746.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY (June Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 23 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, § 11, 35 Stat. 1090). Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of "principal" in section 2 of this title. Words "within the United States" were substituted for "within the jurisdiction" etc., in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) Minor change was made in phraseology. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Limitation on informer's right to recover, see section 232 of Title 31, Money and Finance. § 963. Detention of armed vessel. (a) During a war in which the United States is a neutral nation, the President, or any person authorized by him, may detain any armed vessel owned wholly or in part by citizens of the United States, or any vessel, domestic or foreign (other than one which has entered the ports of the United States as a public vessel), which is manifestly built for ted Sta ▼ built # warlike purposes or has been converted or adapted from a private vessel to one suitable for warlike use, until the owner or master, or person having charge of such vessel, shall furnish proof satisfactory to the President, or to the person duly authorized by him, that the vessel will not be employed to cruise against or commit or attempt to commit hostilities upon the subjects, citizens, or property of any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people with which the United States is at peace, and that the said vessel will not be sold or delivered to any belligerent nation, or to an agent, officer, or citizen of such nation, by them or any of them, within the jurisdiction of the United States, or upon the high seas. (b) Whoever, in violation of this section takes, or attempts to take, or authorizes the taking of any such vessel, out of port or from the United States, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. In addition, such vessel, her tackle, apparel, furniture, equipment, and her cargo shall be forfeited to the United States. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 746.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 32, 36 (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title V, §§ 2, 6, 40 Stat. 221, 222; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, § 5, 54 Stat. 79). Section consolidates said sections of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed. Words "within the United States" were substituted for "within the jurisdiction" etc., in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) The conspiracy provision of said section 36 was omitted as covered by section 371 of this title. See reviser's note under that section. Changes in phraseology were also made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Jurisdiction of offenses, see section 3241 of this title, § 964. Delivering armed vessel to belligerent nation. (a) During a war in which the United States is a neutral nation, it shall be unlawful to send out of the United States any vessel built, armed, or equipped as a vessel of war, or converted from a private vessel into a vessel of war, with any intent or under any agreement or contract that such vessel will be delivered to a belligerent nation, or to an agent, officer, or citizen of such nation, or with reasonable cause to believe that the said vessel will be employed in the service of any such belligerent nation after its departure from the jurisdiction of the United States. (b) Whoever, in violation of this section, takes or attempts to take, or authorizes the taking of any such vessel, out of port or from the United States, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. In addition, such vessel, her tackle, apparel, furniture, equipment, and her cargo shall be forfeited to the United States. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 747.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 33, 36 (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title V, §§ 3, 6, 40 Stat. 222; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, § 5, 54 Stat. 79). Section consolidates said sections of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed. Words "within the United States" were substituted for "within the jurisdiction" etc., in view of the definition of United States in section 5 of this title. Mandatory punishment provision was rephrased in the alternative. (See reviser's note under section 201 of this title.) The conspiracy provision of said section 36 was omitted as covered by section 371 of this title. See reviser's note under that section. Minor changes of phraseology were made. CANAL ZONE Applicability of section to Canal Zone, see section 14 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Jurisdiction of offenses, see section 3241 of this title. Letters, writings, etc., in violation of this section as nonmailable, see section 1717 of this title. § 965. Verified statements as prerequisite to vessel's departure. (a) During a war in which the United States is a neutral nation, every master or person having charge or command of any vessel, domestic or foreign, whether requiring clearance or not, before departure of such vessel from port shall, in addition to the facts required by sections 91, 92, and 94 of Title 46 to be set out in the masters' and shippers' manifests before clearance will be issued to vessels bound to foreign ports, deliver to the collector of customs for the district wherein such vessel is then located a statement, duly verified by oath, that the cargo or any part of the cargo is or is not to be delivered to other vessels in port or to be transshipped on the high seas, and, if it is to be so delivered or transshipped, stating the kind and quantities and the value of the total quantity of each kind of article so to be delivered or transshipped, and the name of the person, corporation, vessel, or government to whom the delivery or transshipment is to be made; and the owners, shippers, or consignors of the cargo of such vessel shall in the same manner and under the same conditions deliver to the collector like statements under oath as to the cargo or the parts thereof laden or shipped by them, respectively. (b) Whoever, in violation of this section, takes or attempts to take, or authorizes the taking of any such vessel, out of port or from the United States, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. In addition, such vessel, her tackle, apparel, furniture, equipment, and her cargo shall be forfeited to the United States. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to promulgate regulations upon compliance with which vessels engaged in the coastwise trade or fisheries or used solely for pleasure may be relieved from complying with this section. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 1, 62 Stat. 747.) LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Reviser's Note.-Based on title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 34, 36 (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title V, §§ 4, 6, 40 Stat. 222; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, § 5, 54 Stat. 79). Section consolidates said sections of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed. |