another shaped blank, the edges of which are afterwards to be drawn out, under tilt or other hammers, to the shape shown by the dotted lines: in this latter case the blank should be somewhat thicker than when the edge is formed at once in the dies. Fig. 7, is a plan of the matrix or lower and stationary die; and fig. 8, a view of the stamping or upper die used to form the blade hereinbefore described at fig. 3, the face or underside of the upper die, presenting exactly the same surface as that shown at fig. 4, which is here supposed to have been created by it. Fig. 9, is an end view of fig. 7, showing the rise or raised side of the die which forms the side rib on the blade. Fig. 10, is a section of the top and bottom die in the position of pressing or stamping the blank; the letters f, f, representing the blank, which should, in all cases, be made red hot, for the operations of stamping or pressing, the dotted line represents the side rib: r, is a key slot to fix the die in the fly press shown at fig. 11, where the dies are shown in the position they would be when ready to receive a blank. Fig. 12, represents a pair of rollers, between which a blank may be pressed into the form required for a blade, instead of being stamped as represented in the fly press. Fig. 13, is the shaped blank required for making a ploughshare by stamping or rolling, it differs only from the plough blade, by having a shank or socket, commonly called a box in the trade, added to, or rather made one with it, and may be made precisely in the same manner as the blade, the different shape being obtained by the difference in the shape only of the blank and of the dies. Fig. 14, is a perspective view of the upper side of the share; and fig. 15, a perspective view of the underside of the share. Fig. 16, is the upper, and fig. 17, the lower die, for making the share just described. In the drawing, fig. 18, represents another shaped blank for making a ploughshare by stamping or rolling in dies; in which share the box is made foursided, and the blade of double thickness: this blank must first be placed in the dies shown at figs. 20, and 21, of which 20, is the under, and 21, the upper die, and stamped, while red hot, into the shape shown at fig. 19; the two sides are then to be folded over as shown at fig. 22; and the two wings welded together in the ordinary way, when it will assume the appearance shown at fig. 23: the share must then be heated again red hot, the plug, fig. 24, must be forced into the box, and the share placed in the lower die of another pair of dies, as shown at fig. 25, with the plug in the box; and it should here be noticed, that the outer end of the shank or handle of the plug is narrower than the inner end, so that the blow from the upper die, which should now be given, may not force it out when the operation of stamping is performed. Fig. 26, is the upper die of fig. 25; and fig. 27, is the ploughshare complete after it leaves the dies. Having found, from experience, that the said shares and blades, when made of steel, and formed by stamping or pressing, are apt to break or split in the dies or rollers, we have, in many instances, adopted the plan of making the share or blade complete, entirely of wrought iron, first, and afterwards subjecting the manufactured article, in its complete state, to the process of converting iron into steel, which we have found highly advantageous, inasmuch as it gives us every facility required for shaping the metal in the dies, while it is enabled to obtain a temper in the article for use, which is of the greatest importance in some cases to the plough. The Patentees say, in conclusion, "Now, whereas we claim, as our invention, the manufacturing of ploughshares and blades, or wings, or whatever that part of the plough may be called, which makes the horizontal cut in the land in the work called ploughing, as before described, of wrought iron or steel, either or both, stamped or pressed into the form required, by means of dies and presses, or stamps, or by rollers, or any the like suitable machinery. And we further claim, forming the said shares and blades, or wings, complete of wrought iron only, and then subjecting them, in their finished state, to such known processes as will convert the iron of which they are made into steel."-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, May, 1836.] To JOHN ASHDOWNE, of Tunbridge, in the county of Kent, gentleman, for his invention of improvements in apparatus to be added to wheels, to facilitate the draft of carriages on turnpike and common roads.-[Sealed 13th May, 1836.] THE Patentee describes his invention as consisting of a certain apparatus to be attached to the wheels of waggons, carts, coaches, and other carriages, whereby the friction of such wheels is materially reduced, and, consequently, rendering the draft considerably easier. The novel apparatus consists of an endless chain, or what may be called a portable railway, placed round the periphery of the wheels, and made somewhat larger than the outer circumference of the said wheels; so that, as the wheel revolves, the endless chain may always present a hard and solid surface for the wheel to run upon, as will be hereafter described. VOL. X. U Fig. 28, Plate VII., represents the side of a cart, with the apparatus attached to the wheel: a, a, being the felloe of the wheel, and b, b, the endless chain or railway which is passed round the same; c, c, is a lever, extending from the axle, and is supported by an arm d, which is attached to the cart: e, e, e, are guards or guides, which are affixed to the body of the cart, and are for the purpose of preventing the endless chain from getting off the periphery of the wheel. It will now be seen, that as the wheel revolves, the endless chain will pass over the expanded end ƒ, of the lever c, c, and will thus present to the wheels a hard and solid surface, similar to a railroad. It may here be observed, that this apparatus is attached to both the wheels, and in a similar manner. The Patentee says, in conclusion, that he does not mean or intend to claim the construction of the endless chain, or any other of the parts separately; but what he does claim, is the precise arrangement of apparatus herein shown, for the purpose of reducing the friction or draught of wheels on turnpike and common roads.[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, November, 1836.] To WILLIAM GODFREY KNELLER, of Hackney, in the county of Middlesex, Esq., for his invention of certain improvements on stills and apparatus for distilling.[Sealed 29th June, 1831.] THIS is an apparatus to be introduced into a still-head, for the purpose of rectifying the alcoholic vapours emitted from the still below. |