tion of the mode of operations in the last-mentioned instances will be quite unnecessary. Sometimes it may be found desirable, or necessary, to give finishing touches to the transferred drawings, prints, or lithographs, with the hand, but as these constitute no part of the present improvements they are not claimed.

It may also be deemed desirable, in some instances, to colour or partially colour some parts of the transfer; this the Patentee does by means of the stencilling plate before mentioned, and to execute an elaborate and handsome design, it may be found necessary to employ all the processes and instruments above described; thus, for instance -For a landscape, the drawing or design may be printed on tissue paper, and transferred in the manner above described, and perhaps it would add to the beauty of the drawing, if certain parts from another design were introduced; this may be done by the pentograph, and some parts, or all, may be tinged with colour by means of stencilling plates prepared for the purpose, and the border line may be partially sketched out by means of the stencilling process, and filled up with the engraver's ruling machine and the geometrical pen.

The Patentee says, in conclusion, "Having now described the invention and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I do not mean or intend to claim as my invention the process of ornamenting glass by hand, in the manner described by Mr. Davenport, such method having been long known and tried; but what I do claim as my invention, for which I have had the above Letters Patent granted to me, is the executing ornaments or devices, drawings or designs, in outline, or in colours upon glass, with the instruments, and in the manner above described, such improvements and modifications being to the best of my knowledge and belief new, and never before used.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, July, 1837.]

TO JOHN SWAN, of Basingstoke, in the county of Hants, brewer, for his invention of certain improvements in brewing. [Sealed 29th September, 1832.]

THIS invention consists in extracting from spent hops, or those hops that have been used in the ordinary process of brewing, a further quantity of the essence that may be fit for use. The Patentee states, that this object may be effected by using any of the means that are ordinarily employed for compressing any materials for the purpose of extracting the essence, but that he has contrived an apparatus that is more particularly applicable to this purpose. This apparatus consists of a frame similar to the common press, and which must be firmly fixed to the floor. In the cross beam of this frame is fixed a screw box, having a powerful screw working in it; and to the lower end of this screw, a piston, presser, or plunger is affixed. This piston works in a cylindrical sieve or strainer constructed of copper, and made thicker and stronger at the lower end than the upper. The hops which have been previously used, and the virtue extracted from them in the ordinary manner, are, after having been again steeped in water, to be placed in the cylindrical copper strainer or sieve, when a slight degree of pressure is administered to them at intervals, so as to expel the air, and then a considerable pressure is given, for the purpose of still extracting a further supply of the essence from the hops.

The Patentee employs a metal plate, having angular grooves cut in it, for the purpose of cutting and grinding the hops; and when the grooved plate has been pressed down upon the hops once, it is turned round so that the grooves may cut at right angles to the former operation.

Around the cylindrical copper strainer is placed

another cylinder, which may be called a guard cylinder. This is for the purpose of preventing the liquor that is expelled from the hops from flying about. At the bottom of the guard cylinder are cut notches, for the purpose of letting the liquor run off, which it does, into a flat vessel placed underneath, to receive it, and from thence is conveyed, by means of a pipe, to any vessel that may be required.

The Patentee also proposes to employ rollers to effect this object, which he does by giving, by means of gear work, one of the rollers a faster motion than the other, and thus grinding and tearing the leaves.

The Patentee has also introduced what he calls an improved cock. It consists of a conical plug, which is lodged and accurately fitted into a conical seat, from whence it is removed when the handle is turned round, by what the Patentee calls "wings," which bear against two circular inclined planes, placed inside the barrel, which, consequently, causes the plug gradually to rise from its seat; and when the wings are turned completely round, and the cock is open, they are brought up through a hole cut in a cross piece inside the barrel for that purpose, and are there lodged, with their arms extending across the said hole or aperture, until it is desired to close the cock, when the wings are brought over the hole, and allowed to descend to the place in its seat again.

The Patentee says, in conclusion, that he does not mean to confine himself to the materials used for making the apparatus, nor does he mean to claim the precise mode of extracting a further essence from the spent hops after they have been used in the ordinary manner; but what he claims as his invention, is extracting a further quantity of the essence from spent hops, or hops 3 в

VOL. X.

that have been once used, by subjecting them to a considerable degree of pressure.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, March, 1833.]

TO ROBERT CHARLTON and ALFRED CHARLTON, both of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, calenderers and finishers, for their invention of certain improvements in machinery used for stiffening and finishing woven manufactured goods.[Sealed 28th July, 1835.]

THIS is a machine for starching, sizing, or stiffening muslins and other fabrics called piece goods, and afterwards drying them, as they continue their progress through the machine, by means of a series of smooth copper cylinders heated by steam. The general appearance of the machine does not present any striking features of novelty or difference from others heretofore employed for the same purpose: we shall describe its proposed construction, and then state what the Patentees claim as their invention.

Plate XVII., fig. 22, represents the improved machine in longitudinal sectional elevation: a, is an iron cylindrical roller, revolving upon an axle mounted in side standards; b, is a trough, containing starch, size, or other stiffening material in a liquid state, into which the cylinder a, is partially immersed; and c, is a squeezing roller or wooden bowl bearing upon the periphery of a, which is pressed by an iron roller d, above. The end of the piece goods being drawn from a roll, and passed between the rollers a, and c, receives the sizing matter from the periphery of the revolving roller a, and any superfluous quantity is expressed out of the fabric

by the roller c, the fabric going under and over guide rollers to the drying cylinders.

Rotary motion is given to the several rollers by a shaft at e, driven by a band and pulley, or by a winch; and upon this shaft e, a toothed wheel is fixed, which takes into and drives the train of wheels that actuate the sizing and pressing rollers; and a pulley on the end of the said driving shaft e, carries a band which actuates another pulley upon the axle of a bevel pinion, through the agency of which a lateral shaft is driven, that gives rotary motion by means of bevel gear to all the hollow drying cylinders ƒ, f,f,f,f.

In operating with this machine, the fabric, as soon as it arrives at the point of contact between the sizing roller a, and the squeezing roller c, begins to elongate; therefore, in order to prevent wrinkling, the speed of the conducting rollers and of the drying cylinders must be rather greater than that of the sizing and squeezing rollers, which is effected by the driving gear; and the pressure required between the sizing and squeezing rollers is obtained by a weighted lever g, g,g. The Patentees say, as regards this part of the apparatus, that, "although the pressure of the lever g, comes on the journal or axis of the cylinder d, they have found it necessary, and it is of importance in this machine to get a greater pressure between the cylinders a, and c. This is effected by packing places between the axis or journal of the cylinder d, and the axis of the bowl c, so that the pressure of the lever g, shall be communicated to the bowl c, and thence to the cylinder a, without effecting the pressure between the rollers d, and c, more than is required. This difference of pressure mar effected by separate levers, or in a variety of way