upper part of the flyer is, in this instance, disengaged from the spindle and placed in an inclined position, in order that the full cop, or bobbin, may be doffed, or drawn off the spindle; and when that is done, the flyer must be restored again to its upright position, as shown in figs. 1, and 2, previously to the commencement of the formation of another cop.

In these three figures, the respective letters of reference indicate the same parts of the apparatus. a, a, a, is the spindle intended to be supported upon a step rail in the ordinary manner: b, b, is the flyer, which, it will be perceived, is composed of two parts, connected together by sliding joints. The upper portion of the flyer has a central pin or pivot c, revolving in a cup or recess formed in the top of the spindle by which it is supported.

This upper portion of the flyer has grooves or long slots d, d, in its sides, in which guide pins or studs, fixed in the arms of the lower portion of the flyer, slide as the copping rail e, e, and the lower portion of the flyer ascends and descends.

The upper portion of the flyer, which acts merely as a guide, is attached at its lower ends by joint pins to a disc or plate ƒ, through which the spindle passes. These joint pins are for the purpose of allowing the upper part of the flyer to be thrown off from the spindle, as shown at fig. 3.

The lower ends of the arms of the flyer are also attached to a cone or disc g, through which the spindle likewise passes, and by means of these joints he arms of the flyer are enabled to fall into the inclined position shown in fig. 3, when the bobbin or cop is to be doffed. The upper parts of the arms of the flyer are connected by a slight ring, for the purpose of preventing the arms from expanding by the centrifugal force when revolving with very great velocity. The warve h, at the lower part of the spindle, is formed

with a conical top, in order that the band may be easily removed, when required to stop any particular spindle, without suspending the action of the whole frame; and it will be clearly perceived, that by a very slight pressure on the band, it will travel toward the base of the cone, and readily re-place itself in the roll or groove of the warve.

Attached to fig. 2, there is shown partly in section, an apparatus carrying a longitudinal bar, rod, or rail i, which is intended to bear against the under surface of the cone or disc g, at the bottom of the flyer, for the purpose of producing friction, and retarding the rotary movement of the flyer, for effecting the taking up or winding of the spun yarn on the cop or bobbin. A shaft k, extending the whole length of the throstle frame, is attached to the copping rail e, e, at convenient distances, by brackets. To this shaft k, bent arms 1, are affixed in suitable situations for supporting the friction bar, rail, or rod i. This bar, rail, or rod, may be of wood or metal, and if required, in order to increase the friction, it may be covered with flannel or other material. From the shaft k, an arm m, extends behind; the extremity of which arm is formed with an acute edge, taking into the ratchet on the edge of a pendant lever n. This lever hangs upon a stud, set in the end frame or standard of the machine, and is weighted in order that the ratchet teeth may always bear against the end of the

arm m.

It will be perceived that as the copping rail e, rises, the friction bar, rail, or rod i, will be carried up also, and that in so rising the edge of the rail, bar, or rod, will be moved inward and made to bear against the smaller circumference of the surface of the cone g, at the bottom of the flyer, as shown by dots in fig. 2. At this time, the friction exerted upon the flyer will necessarily be less than when the edge of the bar bears against the larger circumference

VOL. X.

M

of the cone, and which variation of the friction is required for the purpose of varying the force of the drag in accordance with the diameter of the cop or bobbin, for the purpose of equalising the tension of the yarn.

In order to keep the rail, bar, or rod i, in the same relative positions with regard to the spindle at all times as the cop or bobbin fills upward, the end of the arm m, must be lifted from tooth to tooth in the ratchet n. This is done by means of a stop o, attached to the back of the copping rail, which has an adjusting screw p, for the under part of the arm m, to strike upon. As the copping rail e, rises, the arm m, assumes the inclined position shown by dots in fig. 2, and coming upon the end of the screw p, is there stopped; and consequently, the arm there is made to rise with the copping rail, and is thus lifted a tooth in the ratchet occasionally as the cop is building up or filling.

Fig. 4, shows a modification of the contrivance in which a quill or bobbin q, q, is placed upon the spindle, so that in the event of the yarn breaking, the bobbin may be stopped, without throwing off the band from the warve.

In conclusion, the Patentee says, "Having now described my improvements in machinery for spinning and doubling cotton and other fibrous substances, I desire it to be understood that I claim under the above recited Letters Patent, first, the construction of a spindle and flyer, as shown in the drawing; and, secondly, the adaptation of a moveable friction bar, rail, or rod, acting against the under surface of a disc or cone, for the purpose of tempering or varying the drag of the yarn as it winds upon the bobbin or upon the naked spindle."-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, July, 1836.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Berry.