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His heroic wife and his two daughters now claimed admission to his dungeon, which was granted only on condi tion that they should never leave it. Here, literally buried alive, in the moist, unhealthy, and loathsome dungeon, for twenty-two months, they strove to sustain and cheer the spirits of the suffering patriot. At length the exhausted powers of his wife required that she should leave the dungeon to save her life, and she received permission to do so, only on condition that she should never return a boon which she indignantly refused, and then prepared to die with her husband.

But now, the voice of France was heard in remonstrance at this outrageous treatment of a French citizen, and negotiations were commenced to effect his liberation; which, after a series of protracted delays, was effected, and Lafayette went with his family to reside in Holstein, whence, in about a year, he departed for Utrecht, and returned thence to France. During the consulship of Napoleon, and under the imperial dynasty, he steadily refused all distinction offered him, that was not derived from the consent of the French people; refused to acknowledge the right of Napoleon to assume the imperial purple, and never failed to present to the eyes of all Europe an illustrious instance of disinterested patriotism, derived from the example of his "adored commander." After the lapse of nearly fifty years, he again landed on the shores of his adopted country. At the moment of his landing, he was embraced in the arms of a whole people; all sectional jealousies, all party animosities, were forgotten in the universal peal of "Welcome, Lafayette," that resounded from every hamlet and city in our land. European despotism quailed at the sound, and from that moment European serfs have less patiently endured their bondage, and striven to burst their chains.

In his calm retreat at La Grange, to which the eyes of the whole civilized world were turned with the joy of demons or the sorrow of angels, the philanthropic hero, at the age of 77, breathed his last, May 20th, 1834.

MORGAN, DANIEL, a distinguished officer in the army of the American revolution, was born in New Jersey,

and removed to Virginia in 1755. He enlisted in Braddock's expedition as a private soldier, and, on the defeat of that general, returned to his occupation as a farmer. At the commencement of the revolution, he was appointed to the command of a troop of horse, and joined the army under Washington, then in the neighborhood of Boston. He distinguished himself very much in the expedition against Quebec, where he fell into the hands of the enemy. On the exchange of prisoners, he rejoined the American army, was appointed to the command of a select rifle corps, and detached to assist General Gates on the northern frontier, where he contributed materially to the capture of General Burgoyne. After a short retirement from service, on account of ill health, he was appointed brigadiergeneral by brevet, and commanded the force by which Colonel Tarleton was routed at the battle of Cowpens. He soon after resigned his commission. In 1794, he commanded the militia of Virginia called out to suppress the insurrection in Pennsylvania, and continued in the service till 1795. He afterwards was elected to a seat in Congress. He died in 1799.

MORGAN, JOHN, an eminent American physician, was born in Philadelphia, in 1735, and was educated at the college in that city. He completed his medical studies in Europe, and, on his return in 1765, was elected professor of the theory and practice of medicine in the medical college in Philadelphia. In October, 1775, he was appointed chief physician to the general hospitals of the American army, but in 1775, was removed on account of certain accusations which he afterwards proved to be entirely groundless. He died in 1789. He was the author of several medical treatises.

MARION, FRANCIS, a distinguished officer in the American army, was born in South Carolina, in 1732, and first served in 1761, as lieutenant against the Cherokees. Soon after the commencement of the revolution, he received a major's commission, and, in 1780, he obtained that of brigadier-general. He continually surprised and captured parties of the British and the royalists by the secrecy and rapidity of his movements, On the evacuation

of Charleston, he retired to his plantation, where he died in 1795. He was bold, generous, and severe in his discipline.

MORTON, NATHANIEL, one of the first settlers of Plymouth, New England, and a magistrate of the colony, was the author of a history of the church at Plymouth, and of a volume called New England's Memorial. This work was originally published in 1669, and a new edition of it has been recently issued.

NICHOLSON, JAMES, an officer in the American navy, was born in Chestertown, Maryland, in 1737. He followed the life of a sailor till the year 1763, when he married, and settled in the city of New York. Here he remained until 1771, when he returned to his native province. At the commencement of the revolution, the government of Maryland built and equipped a ship of war, called the Defence, and the command of her was intrusted to Nicholson. He performed various exploits during the war, and, before the close of it, was taken prisoner, and carried into New York. He died in 1806.

OLIVER, ANDREW, was graduated at Harvard College, in 1724, and was early engaged in public employments, succeeded Hutchinson, as lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, in 1771, and retained that office till his death, in 1774. He rendered himself very unpopular by accepting from the British government the office of stamp distributor of the province.

OTIS, JAMES, a distinguished American statesman, was born at West Barnstable, Massachusetts, in 1725, and was graduated at Harvard College, in 1743. He pursued the profession of the law, and, establishing himself in Boston, soon rose to eminence. His public career may be said to have opened with his celebrated speech against writs of assistance. At the next election, he was chosen a representative to the legislature, and soon became the leader of the popular party. In 1765, he was a member of the Congress which assembled at New York. In 1769, he was severely wounded in an assault committed upon him by some British officers; from one of whom he recovered large damages, which he remitted on receiving a written apology. In 1772, he retired from public life, and,

in May of the following year, was killed by a stroke of lightning. He was a good scholar, a learned and able lawyer, a bold and commanding orator, and possessed infinite powers of humor and wit.

PARSONS, THEOPHILUS, a distinguished lawyer, was born at Byefield, Massachusetts, in 1750, and graduated at Harvard College, in 1769. He studied, and pursued the practice of the law, for some years, in Falmouth, now Portland; but, when that town was destroyed by the British, he retired to the house of his father in Newbury. About a year afterwards, he opened an office in Newburyport. He soon rose to the highest rank in his profession, and made immense acquisitions in legal knowledge. His professional services were sought for in all directions, and, after thirty-five years of extensive practice, he was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. 1780, he was a member of the Convention which formed the constitution of the state, and of the Convention which accepted the federal constitution. He was a powerful speaker, without a rival in knowledge of law, and surpassed by few in his acquaintance with science and classical literature. He continued in the seat of chief justice till his death, in 1813.

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PICKERING, TIMOTHY, an American statesman, was born in Salem, in 1746, and was graduated at Harvard College, in 1763. He took an active part in the popular cause, and, in organizing the provisional government of Massachusetts in 1775, was appointed a judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Essex, and sole judge of the Maritime Court for the middle district. During the war, he was appointed adjutant-general, and subsequently a member of the board of war. From 1790 to 1798, at different intervals, he was employed on various negotiations with the Indians. He was successively postmaster-general, secretary of war, and secretary of state. From the last office he was removed by President Adams, in 1800. From 1803 to 1811, he was a senator in Congress from his native state, and from 1814 to 1817, a representative in that body. In public life, he was distinguished for firmness, energy, activity, and disinterestedness. He died in Salem,

in 1829.

PRATT, BENJAMIN, chief justice of New York, was born in Massachusetts, in 1710, and was graduated at Harvard College. He studied law, and, entering on its practice in Boston, soon became eminent. Turning his attention to public affairs, he soon rose to political distinction, and, by the influence of Governor Pownell, was appointed chief justice of New York. He died in January, 1763. He had made collections for a history of New England, and possessed considerable talent for poetry. PETERS, RICHARD, an eminent judge, was born in June, 1744, and received his education in the city of Philadelphia. He adopted the profession of the law, and soon obtained an extensive practice. At the commencement of hostilities with the mother country, Mr. Peters joined the side of the colonies, and, in 1776, was appointed, by Congress, secretary of the board of war. His exertions in this department were highly meritorious and useful; and, on resigning the post, in 1781, he was elected a member of Congress, and assisted in closing the business of the war. On the organization of the new government, Mr. Peters was appointed judge of the District Court of Pennsylvania, and performed the duties of this office for thirty-six years. During this time, he was engaged in several objects of public improvement, and issued several valuable publications in relation to agriculture. As a judge, he possessed powers of a high order, and his decisions on admiralty law form the groundwork of this branch of our jurisprudence. Their principles were not only sanctioned by our own courts, but were simultaneously adopted by Lord Stowell, the distinguished maritime judge of Great Britain. Judge Peters died in August, 1828.

PINCKNEY, CHARLES COTESWORTH, a distinguished officer of the revolutionary army, was born in South Carolina, received his education in England, and studied law in the Temple. On returning to his native province, in 1769, he devoted himself to the successful practice of his profession. On the commencement of hostilities, he renounced law for the study of military tactics, and was soon promoted to the command of the first regiment of Carolina infantry. He was subsequently aid-de

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