those of Sir Henry Percy at the battle of Shrewsbury, there appears ground to believe that Henry the Fourth must have been defeated. Owen tried to repair the oversight by introducing French auxiliaries, who arrived sometime in 1405, and for a while upheld his cause; but, though successful, they found little to be gained by remaining in a ravaged country. They left him to drag his war out upon his own resources. The remainder of Glendowr's life was distinguished by few exploits. He maintained his resistance without being really formidable. one time he certainly struck a panic into England. From the MS. of the Historia Aurea of John of Tinmouth, in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, we learn that the following miserable hexameter was inscribed upon the wall at the end of the monks' choir of St. Alban's Abbey:

"Christe Dei, supplico tibi destrue Gleendor."

At

Glendowr's death is usually placed in 1415. At Corwen, the next stage beyond Llangollen on the road to Bangor Ferry, the head of Glendowr is still the sign of the principal inn; and its environs abound in traditions of the most marvellous kind relating to him. At Rug also, a mile from Corwen, the seat of Colonel Salusbury, his knife and dagger are shewn, preserved in one sheath. In other parts of Wales, particularly in the

South, nothing is either known or remembered of him beyond the facts established by history."

(From the same.)

When Richard, Earl of Cambridge, was condemned to death, he wrote a letter of strong supplication to Henry V., praying for mercy "for ye love of our Lady and of the blysfulle Holy Ghost;" on which subject we have a very interesting note. "Processes in early times, where the necessity of getting rid of a courtier was thought to exist, were short. Some were even more summary than that against the Earl of Cambridge. The Cottonian MS. Julius, F. VI. fol. 80, contains some proceedings in Parliament held at Leicester in the 2d of Henry V., concerning the reversing of the attainder of the Earl of Salisbury, who, by an oversight of the Commons, was not tried till after his execution." "There is," he adds, "a muster-roll of the army of Henry V., in this his first voyage to France, preserved among Rhymer's imprinted collections in the British Museum, which must have been taken at Southampton, as the Earl of Cambridge occurs in it, with a personal retinue of two knights, fifty-seven esquires, an hundred and sixty horse-archers. The Duke of Clarence brought in his retinue one earl, two bannerets, fourteen knights, two hundred and twenty two esquires, and seven hundred and

twenty horse-archers. The sum of the roll includes 2536 men at arms; 4128 horse-archers; 3771 foot-archers; 38 arblesters; 120 miners ; 25 master gunners; 50 servitor gunners; a stuffer of bacinets; 12 armourers; 3 kings of arms; Mr. Nicholas Colnet, physician, who brought 3 archers; 20 surgeons; an immense retinue of labourers, artizans, fletchers, bowyers, wheelwrights, chaplains, and minstrels. The total of the fighting persons amounting to 10,731. These were the men who gained the field of Azincourt."

In these stormy and uncertain times, we observe the frequent practice of the remarkable custom of depositing valuables for safe-keeping in religious houses.

"The monasteries, even in times considerably earlier, were the safest places of deposit. Towards the close of the twelfth century the Jews of St. Edmondsbury placed the treasure in the abbey there, under the care of the Sacrist. Stowe tells us, that when Henry III. seized the wealth of Hubert De Burgh, Earl of Kent, in 1232, he found it placed, in deposit, with the master of the temple in Fleet-street. When Sir Sampson Foliot died, in 1284, it appeared that he had deposited his riches in the Abbey of Oseney, near Oxford. Sir John Falstaff also, in the reign of Henry VI., as we learn from the inventory of his wealth, out of £2643 of ready

money, kept more than £2000 in the Abbey of St. Benet Hulme. Nor were monasteries places of deposit for money only. From an entry in the chartulary of Garenden Abbey, in Leicestershire, we learn that that monastery was a depository for the title deeds of at least one of the neighbouring lords."

A letter of the date 1417, in behalf of the Lord Furnyval, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, introduces some matters relative to that kingdom. The exploits of Lord Furnyval are worthy of record. He maintained an able government on scanty means, his income, for that purpose, amounting to little more than two thousand six hundred pounds a year.

"The annals of Ireland in the earliest period of its history are obscure; nor are we acquainted with the details of its first connexion with England. Giraldus Cambrensus is wrong when he states, that till the time of Henry II. Ireland had remained free from foreign invasion. We have Bede's authority for its invasion by Egfrid, King of Northumberland, in 684: and though the charter which represents our Edgar as monarch of Ireland is usually considered spurious, yet other charters of unquestioned authenticity, of a date but little later, recognize its formule; and we have coins both of Ethelred the Second and Canute, minted at Dublin. That the conquest

of Ireland was long an object of ambition with the Kings of England, cannot be doubted; and it is remarkable that it should have been planned by Henry II., at the moment of his mounting the English throne. His compact with Pope Adrian the Fourth for the reduction of Ireland is still preserved in Rymer, in a Latin letter from the Pontiff. Like the formation of the Domesday survey, the receipt of this letter was considered as an epoch by the English. An original charter of John, Earl of Ewe, is extant, which concludes with these remarkable words: Hæc autem concessio facta est Wincestriam eo anno quo verbum factum est de Hibernia conquirenda. Hanc vero cartulam magister Mobertus fecit anno LIIII. ab incarnato Domino.'-But Henry could take no advantage of his grant till 1172, when having procured two additional bulls from Pope Alexander III., one addressed to himself, the other to the Kings and Princes of Ireland, he entered upon the invasion, and then follows the submission of the Irish.

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Henry landed at Waterford, October 18th, 1172, whence he proceeded to Dublin, and received the homage of the chieftains. John, son of Henry the Second, when Lord of Ireland, established courts of law, the jurisdiction of which was to extend to the limits of the English pale the territories so designated forming the counties of Dublin, Meath, Kildare, Lowth,