within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
'Proclaimed August 26, 1920.
Absent-voting laws, 699 Addystone Pipe and Steel Co. v. U. S.,
Administration, general nature, 64; problems, 64-65; control by presi- dent, 260-261; under the national executive departments, 312-329; control of Congress over, 396-398; growth in the states, 639-640; de- fects, 641-648; removals in, 643; reform of, 648-652; control of in cities, 757-758, 761-764 Administrative consolidation (state), 648-652
Administrative supervision of cities, 752-754
Advisory opinions, 115n, 674 Agriculture, federal Department of, 327-328
Alabama Midland Railway Co. v. In- terstate Commerce Commission, 448 Alaska, government of, 447-478 Albany Congress, 104-105
Albany Plan of Union, 104 Alexander Murray
Charming Betsy, 184
Aliens, status in U. S., 180-181; nat- uralization of, 185-188
Allegiance, an obligation of citizen- ship, 79
Amending process, in national govern- ment, 209-211, 215-216; in states, 560-571
Amendment of statutes, 597 American government, study of, 83-84 Annapolis convention, 126-127 Anti-Masonic party, 524-525 Anti-Trust Act (Sherman), 450 Appointment, power exercised by pre-
sident, 256-259; by governor, 633- 635; by mayor, 755-756, 762-763 Appropriations, by Congress, 420-422; movement for budget system, 422; new machinery in House of Representatives, 423-424; by states, 663-664
Arizona, admission of, 165
Articles of Confederation, adoption, 117-118; main features, 118-120; defects, 120-122; attempts
Bond issues in states, 669
British colonial policy, 88, 99-100 Brown v. Maryland, 172, 437 Brown v. Walker, 272
Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railway Co., 408
Bryce, Lord, on nature, English con- stitution, 37; classification of con- stitutions, 40
Bryce, J., quoted, 141n, 147, 152, 159, 241-242
Bucks Stove and Range Co. v. Gom- pers, 454
Budget and Accounting Act, 422-424 Budget procedure, in cities, 797-798; in states, 648, 665-667; ancillary reforms, 668; in cities, 756-757 Budget system adopted by Congress, 422-424
Bureau of Corporations, 451
Bureau of Efficiency, 306
Assessment of taxes, 659-660
"Association" of 1774, 106-107
Bureau of Insular Affairs, functions,
Burke, Edmund, quoted, 93
Calder v. Bull, 193
Calendars, in national House of Rep- resentatives, 382-383
California, county home-rule, 733 Campaign funds, 698
Cannon, J. G., deprived of power as speaker, 364-365
Canvassing officers, 703-704
Caucus, as means of nominating presi-
dential candidates, 235-236; work- ings in national House of Repre- sentatives, 365-366; functions, 367- 368
Centralized purchasing, 647-648 Challengers, 703
Charter systems, special charters, 746; general charters, 747-748; classi- fication, 748-750; home-rule, 750- 751; optional, 751 Charters, of cities, 744-745 Checks and balances, 553
Chicago, taxable personal property, 657
Chinese exclusion cases, 440 Chirac v. Chirac, 186
Circuit courts, state, 673-674 Circuit courts of appeals, federal, 502 Cities, growth of, 743; relation to state government, 744; legal status, 744-745; legislation interference, 745-746; state supervision of, 752- 754; mayor-council form of govern- ment, 755-764; commission form, 765-773; manager form, 773-776; police department, 777-781; fire de- partment, 781-783; health and sani- tary department, 783-786; water supply, 788-789; waste collection and disposal, 789-791; streets, 791- 792; social welfare activities, 792- 793; education, 793-795; sources of income, 796; indebtedness, 797; budgetary methods, 797-798; ac- counts, 798
Citizenship, rights, 77-78; obligations,
79-80; by birth, 183-185; by nat- uralization, 185-189; defined, 182; early opinions, 181-182; interstate, 176, 190; national and state, 182- 183; privileges of, 196-197; rights pertaining to, 189-190; status of territories and dependencies, 185- 186; protection abroad, 264 Civil service, extent in United States, 290-291; rise of spoils system, 299;
early reforms, 300; Pendleton Act, 300; merit system extended, 301; Civil Service Commission, 301-302; examinations, 302; comparison with English system, 302-303; method of appointment, 303-304; security of tenure, 304; restraint on political activity, 304-305; promotions, 306; question of extending merit sys- tem, 306-308; compensation, 308- 309; retirement allowances, 309- 310; reform in the states, 643-645; in cities, 763
Civil Service Commission, national, 301-302; state, 644-645
Clerk, of national House of Represen- tatives, 358
Closed primary, 693
Closure, in national House of Repre- sentatives, 372, 385-386; in Senate, 374-375, 389
Cohens v. Virginia, 400
Colonial governments, beginnings, 83; charters, 87-88; collapse of, 111; democracy in, 96-98; uniformity, 87-88; variations, 86-87; governor, 89-91; legislature, 91-92; suffrage, 92-93; judiciary, 94-95; local gov- ernment, 95-96
Colonial political ideas, 96-98 Colorado, civil service, 644n Commerce, federal department of, 328-329
Commerce, under Articles of Confed-
eration, 123-124; regulatory power given to Congress, 170-172, 434; restrictions on this power, 434-435; meaning of, 435-436; modes of reg. ulating with foreign nations, 437- 440; regulating among the states, 441-444; Interstate Commerce Act, 444-447; work of Interstate Com- merce Commission, 447-450; anti- trust legislation, 450-452; Federal Trade Commission, 452-453; rela- tion of state and national control, 454-455
Commission government, in cities,
development, 766-767; essential and incidental features, 767-771; de- fects, 771-772; merits, 772-773 Commission-manager government, in cities, spread, 773; selection of man- agers, 774; manager's functions, 774-775; results, 776
Committee of selection, in national House of Representatives, 370 Committee of the whole, in national House of Representatives, 384-385 Committee on appropriations, in na- tional House of Representatives, 420-422
Committee on rules, dominance in House of Representatives, 372-373 Committee on ways and means, in national House of Representatives, 416
Committees, formerly appointed by speaker in House of Representa- tives, 364; control by caucus, 367- 368; number and size, 369; ap- pointment, 369-370; seniority rule, 371; dominance of committee on rules, 372-373; steering committee, 373; in Senate, 375-376; hearings and procedure, 380-382; privileges, 383-384; committee of whole, 384- 385; consideration of tariff meas- ures, 416-417; in state legislatures, 608-613; reorganization of, 610- 611; defects in, 612-613; in Ohio, 611-612; references on, 613n Concurrent powers, 151
Conference committees, in Congress, 389-391, 612n
Congress, war powers, 269-270; con- vened in special session by presi- dent, 274; messages from the presi- dent, 274-276; presidential veto, 276-281; other means of presiden- tial influence, 281-282; control over the president, 284; need of presi- dential leadership, 285-286; pro- posed admission of heads of depart- ments, 286-287; requests upon de- partments for information, 296; possessor of sole national legisla- tive authority, 334; why bicameral, 335; election of House of Rep- resentatives, 336-341; regulation of election of members, 341; term of congressmen, 342; qualifications, 343-345; federal basis of Senate, 345-346; proposed change, 346-347; direct popular election adopted, 349- 352; term and continuity of Sen- ate, 352; qualifications of senators, 353; compensation and privileges of members, 353-354; sessions, 356- 357; organization of House, 357- 359; rules, 359-361; the Speaker and his powers, 361-365; power of caucus, 365-368; number and size of committees, 369-370; appoint- ment of committees, 370; domin- ance of committee on rules, 372- 373; organization of Senate, 373- 374; closure in Senate, 374-375; Senate committees and rules, 376- 377; physical environment, 378-379; introduction of bills, 379-380; com- mittee procedure, 380-382; the cal- endars, 382-383; House procedure, 383-387; Senate procedure, 387-389;
conference committees, 389-391; publicity of proceedings, 391-392; impeachment procedure, 392-394; miscellaneous functions, 395-398; nature of legislative power, 398; express and implied powers, 399- 400; resulting powers, 400-401; police powers, 401; permissive and mandatory powers, 401-402; ex- clusive and concurrent powers, 402- 403; specific constitutional limita- tions, 403-404; limitations on tax- ing power, 406-409; revenue legis- lation, 415-418; appropriations, 420- 421; budget system adopted, 422- 424; establishment of banking sys- tem, 425-429; regulation of the currency, 429-432; power to regu- late commerce, 434-436; modes of regulating foreign commerce, 437- 440; regulation of interstate com- merce, 441-444; passes Interstate Commerce Act, 444-447; anti-trust legislation, 450-454; regulation of bankruptcy, 458-459; regulation of weights and measures, 459-460; control of copyrights, 460-461; con- trol of patents, 460-461; control of postal affairs, 463-465; war powers, 465-466; war-time legislation, 467- 468; suspension of writ of habeas corpus, 468-469; regulation of mili- tia, 469; power to acquire territory, 473-474; power to govern territory, 474-477; control over District of Columbia, 489; possible control over judiciary, 513-514; references on, 354-355, 377, 394, 404, 432-433, 456- 457
Congress of the Confederation, 119-
Congressional procedure, 220-221 Congressional Record, 392 Connecticut compromise, 135 Constitution, varying uses of term, 35-36; in England, 36-37; develop- ment in written form, 37; never wholly in written form, 38; distin- guished from statutes, 39; contents, 39; modes of growth, 40-42; enu- meration of rights, 76 Constitution (state), length, 556-558; contents, 559-560; amendment, 560- 570; future of, 570-571 Constitution (U. S.), character of, 140-141; compromises in, 131-132, 135-136; drafting of, 129, 137; objections to, 138; ratification, 139-140; put into effect, 140; sources, 142 Constitutional conventions (state), 565-570; calling, 565-567; size, 567;
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