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Cooley, T. M., quoted, 194

Cooley v. Wardens of the Port, 172,
455

Copyright, controlled by Congress,
460-461

Coroner, 729-730, 736

Corporate charters, as contracts, 174
Corporate excess, 655

Corrupt practices laws, 697-698
Council (city), decline of, 757-758;

structure, 758-759; bicameral, 759;
ordinances, 759-760; in New York,
758n

Council, governor's, 91, 636n
County, origins, 716-717; general fea-

tures, 717-718; functions, 718-719;
legal status, 719; county board,
722-726; sheriff, 726-727; prosecut-
ing attorney, 727-729; coroner, 729-
730; clerk, 730; other officers, 730;
unsatisfactory condition of govern-
ment, 732-733; remedies, 733-737;
relations to city, 737; surveys, 739-
740; means of reform, 740-741; ref-
erences on, 731, 741-742
Court clerk, 730, 736-737
Court of Claims, 512
Courts. See Judiciary
Criminal procedure, in federal courts,
497-498

Cummings v. Missouri, 193

Currency, chaotic condition before
1789, 430; regulated by Congress,
173, 430-432

Customs Appeals, court of, 512
Czechoslovakia, recognized, 9

Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 174,

194

Declaration of Independence, 108,
110, 111, 117-118
Declaratory judgment, 684
Delaware survey, 740
De Lima v. Bidwell, 408
Democracy, advantages and disadvan-
tages, 47-48; in colonies, 97

Democratic party, machinery for
nominating president, 237-238; or-
igins, 524; rehabilitation, 530; is-
sues, 531-533, 535
Departments, federal, general fea-
ures, 291-294; how heads are select-
ed, 292-294; functions of heads,
294-296; described, 312-330; move-
ment for reorganization, 330-332
Diplomatic service, 314-315
Direct legislation, 600-605; states hav-

ing, 600n; in Massachusetts, 601n,
602, 603, 604n, 605n; arguments
for, 604; objections to, 604-605;
references on, 606-607

Direct primary, 693-694

Disputed Presidential Election Act
(1887), 249

District courts, federal, 501-502
District of Columbia, government of,

489

Districts, kinds and functions, 805-808
Dooley v. U. S., 408

Dorr rebellion, 162

Double election boards, 704

Downes v. Bidwell, 408

"Due process,

," 194-196, 685-686

Economics, relation to political sci-
ence, 6-7

Education, administration in cities,
793-795

Educational qualifications, 203-204
Eighteenth Amendment, 211n, 213-214
Election, of president and vice-presi-
dent, 232-252; of congressmen, 336-
341; of senators, 348-352; of mem-
bers of state legislature, 574; of
governor, 624-625; laws, 701; offi-
cers, 701-705; system criticized, 706-
709

Electoral college, 220, 246-248
Electorate, relation to government and
people, 68-70; composition, 70-71;
questions pertaining to, 71; in co-
lonial period, 93; in early states,
113; women admitted to, 200-203;
qualifications of, 203-207; general
features today, 698-699
Electrical voting, 597n
Eleventh amendment, 212
Elk v. Wilkins, 184

Embargoes, laid by Congress, 437
Emergency acts, 601n

Emergency Fleet Corporation, 439
Eminent domain, 192-193
England, nature of constitution, 36-
37, 39; rise of representative gov-
ernment, 48; basis of individual
rights, 76-77; civil service, 302-303
Equalization of assessments, 660
Escanaba Co., v. Chicago, 166, 455

Executive, as a branch of government,
61-62; single and plural, 62; hered-
itary and elective, 62; modes of
election, 63; problem of in 1787,
226; decision reached, 226-227
(see President, Governor, Mayor)
Executive agreement, nature and ef-
fects, 267-268

Executive budget, 665-666

Executive council, in states, 636n
Exporter Combination Law (Webb),

454

Ex post facto laws, 193-194
Extradition, interstate, 177-178

Family, as possible origin of the
state, 18-19

Farm Loan Board, 429-430
Farmer-Labor party, 537-538
Federal convention (1787), called,
127; compromises in, 131-132, 135-
136; organization and procedure,
130-131; personnel, 129-130; prob-
lems before, 131-134; report to Con-
gress, 137-138

Federal government, nature, 53; ad-
vantages, 53-54; defects, 54-55; ten-
dencies away from, 56
Federal guarantees, 191-192
Federal reserve banks, 428-429
Federal Reserve Board, 429-430
Federal Trade Commission, 452-453
Federalist, 124n, 137n, 139-140, 162n
Federalist party, 519-522
Fifteenth Amendment, 198, 204, 206,

212

Filibustering, in Senate, 388-389
Finance (municipal), sources of in-

come, 796; indebtedness, 797; bud-
getary methods, 797-798; accounts,
798-799

Finance (national), part of Treasury
Department in, 316-319; restric-
tions on taxing power, 406-409;
scope of taxing power, 409; mo-
tives of taxation, 409-410; national
revenues, 410-413; collection of
revenue, 413-414; revenue, legisla-
tion, 415-418; expenditures, 419-
420; appropriations, 421-422; bud-
get system adopted, 422-424; bor-
rowing money, 424-425; national
banking system, 425-427; federal
reserve system, 428-429; federal
land banks, 429-430; currency sys-
tem, 430-432

Finance (state), sources of revenue,
654-655; general property tax, 655-
659; assessment, 659-662; collection
of taxes, 662; custody of funds,
662-663; appropriations, 663-665;

budget systems, 665-668; indebted-
ness, 668-669

Fire department, in cities, 781-783
First Continental Congress, 105-106
Fourteenth Amendment, 182, 190, 194,
207, 212

France, constitution, 38
Franklin, B., 103, 104
Free Soil party, 527-528

"Full faith and credit" clause, 175-
176

Garner, J. W., views on functions of
the state, 29-30

General property tax, features of, 655-
657; substitutes for, 658-659
Gerrymander, of congressional dis-
tricts, 340-341; of legislative dis-
tricts, 582-583
Gibbons v. Ogden, 172

Gonzales v. Williams, 186
Government, reasons for studying, 4-
5; distinguished from state, 14;
form regulated by constitution, 35;
classifications, 43-44; autocratic,
43; oligarchic, 44; popular, 44-45;
disadvantages of democracy, 47;
representative principle, 48; advan-
tages of representative plan, 49;
territorial distribution of powers,
51-52; federal, 53-56; functional
distribution of powers, 56-58;
structure influenced by distribution
of powers, 59; presidential and
cabinet forms, 63; rights as

against, 75
Governor, early position, 113-114;
election, 624-625; qualifications,
625; term, 625; salary, 625; re-
moval, 625-626; successor, 626;
veto power, 626-630; messages, 631-
632; leadership, 631-632; appoint-
ing powers, 633-635; budget-mak-
ing, 631; power of direction and
removal, 635-636;

miscellaneous

powers, 636
Governor's council, colonial, 91; state,
636n

Grandfather clauses, 205-206

Grant, U. S., seeks third term, 227
Greenback movement, 532
Guam, government of, 488
Guinn v. U. S., 206

Habeas Corpus, suspension of writ of,
468-469

Habeas Corpus Act, 97

Hagar v. Reclamation District, 195
Hamilton, A., favored life tenure for
president, 227

Hammer v. Dagenhart, 409, 508

Harding, W. G., invites vice-president
into cabinet, 229; advocates admin-
istrative reorganization, 331-332
Hare system, 585-586
Harrington, J., 96

Hawaii, government of, 478-480
Hayes, R. B., elected president in
1876, 249

Health departments, in cities, 783-785;
in New York, 785-786
Henry v. A. B. Dick Co., 462
Hepburn v. Griswold, 431

History, relation to political sci-
ence, 7

Hollingsworth v. Vermont, 210

Home-rule, in counties, 733; in cities,
750-751

Hooker, R., 96

House of Representatives; see Con-
gress and Representatives, House of
Hylton v. U. S., 406

Illinois, assessment of taxes, 659; leg-
islature, 610, 612, 616; state ad-
ministration, 645-646; civil admini-
strative code, 650-651; appropria-
tion bills, 664n

Illinois Cities and Villages Act, 747-
748

Illinois Committee on Efficiency and
Economy, Report, 644n
Illinois tax amendment, 564
Immigration, regulation by Congress,
440-441; administration, 441
Impeachment, 114, 392-394, 625, 683,
709

Implied powers, 153-154

Income tax, declared unconstitutional
by Supreme Court, 213, 407; au-
thorized by Sixteenth Amendment,
213, 408

Indebtedness (state), 594
Indiana legislature, 598-599
Indictments, 677

Informations., 677-678

Initiative, for constitutional amend-

ments, 560-563; for statutes, 600-
605

In Re Neagle, 513

Insular decisions,_476

Interior, federal Department of, 324-
327

Intermediate courts, 675

International law, rise, 32; nature, 33-

34

Interstate citizenship, 176, 190
Interstate commerce. See Commerce
Interstate Commerce Act, 444-447
Interstate Commerce Commission, 447-
450

Interstate Commerce Commission v.
Cincinnati, etc., Railway Co., 448

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Judge-made law, 217-219

Judges (state), removal, 682-684; re-
tirement, 683n; selection, 679-682;
term, 673, 674

Judicial interpretation, 217-219
Judicial review, 115, 156-157, 158, 557-
558, 679, 684-686, 687n

Judiciary, general nature, 66-67;
kinds of courts, 67; independence,
67-68

Judiciary (national), reasons for
creation, 491-493; scope of power,
493-494; jurisdiction on ground
of subject-matter, 494; and on
ground of nature of the parties,
495; exclusive and concurrent ju-
risdiction, 495-496; how cases are
brought, 496-497; criminal jurisdic-
tion, 497-498; civil jurisdiction,
498-499; equity cases, 499; admi-
ralty cases, 499; district courts,
501-502; circuit courts of appeals,
502; composition and character of
Supreme Court, 502-504; procedure,
504-505; review of legislation, 505-
509; relation to other branches of
government, 513-515

Judiciary (state), removal of cases
to federal courts, 496; appeal to
federal courts, 496-497; court offi-
cials, 676; court procedure, 679;
defects of court organization, 678-
679; court reports, 675n; court offi-
cials, 676; defects, 678-680; pro-
posed changes, 681-686
Juillard v. Greenman, 431
Jury system, 676-678

Jus sanguinis, 183-184
Jus soli, 184-185

Justice, federal Department of, 321-
323

Justices of the peace, 671-672

Kentucky v. Dennison, 178
Knownothing party, 526-527
Knox v. Lee, 431

Labor, federal Department of, 328-330
Lands, public, 326

Lapp, J. A., quoted, 598-599

League of Nations, organization, 33-
34

Lee, R. H., 117

Legislation (state), subjects of, 618,
619-620; executive and, 620-621
Legislative caucus, 692
Legislative districts, 581-583
Legislative ordinances, 759-760
Legislative reference libraries, 618-
619

Legislative removal, 683

Legislature, functions in general, 60;
questions of structure, 60-61; in
colonial period, 91-94; in states in
Revolutionary period, 114; bicam-
eral form in present states, 574-577;
movement for unicameral form, 578-
579; composition, 579-588; powers,
589-592; non-legislative functions,
590n; restrictions, 592-595; proce-
dure, 596-597, 609n, 613-616; ses-
sions, 597-599, 630; check by initia-
tive and referendum, 599-606; offi-
cers, 608; committees, 608-613; per-
sonnel, 580-581, 616-617; bill-draft-
ing, 617-618; sources of informa-
tion, 618-619; the lobby, 621-622
Leisy v. Hardin, 172

Liberty, necessary restraints on, 73
Liberty party, 527-528

Lieutenant-governor, 626, 636

Lincoln, A., use of war power, 270-
271

List system, 586-587
Lobby, 621-622

Local government, 95-96, 554, 715ff
Locke, J., 96

Loewe v. Lawlor, 454

Long ballot, 707

Louisiana, parishes, 733n
Luther v. Borden, 162

McCray v. U. S., 171

McCulloch v. Maryland, 154, 168-169
McKane v. Durston, 195
McPherson v. Blocker, 247
"Machines" and state administra-
tion, 647

Madison, J., 125, 131, 140, 147
Manager, in cities, 773-776
Marbury v. Madison, 157, 400, 505
Marshall, J., quoted, 154, 169
Martin v. Mott, 469

Maryland, budget system, 594, 666;
county home-rule, 733
Massachusetts, initiative in, 601n,
604n, 605n; referendum in, 601n,
605n; legislature, 615-616
Mayor, salary and term, 755; powers
and duties, 755-757; in Boston, 756;
in New York, 757
Mayor-council government, 755ff

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New England Confederation, 104
New Jersey, civil service pension,
645n

New Jersey plan, 132

New York and New Jersey agreement,
167n

New York City, board of estimate
and control, 665n; health depart-
ment, 785-786

New York committee on reconstruc-
tion, report, 648n, 652, 665n
New York (state), administration,
642, 646n; appropriation bills,
664n; legislature, 575-576, 615
Nineteenth amendment, 198, 201, 214
Nomination, of president, 235-245; in
states, 692-694

Non-partisan ballot, 688n, 690-691
Northwest Ordinance, 165, 472-473

Obedience, an obligation of citizen-
ship, 79-80

Obligation of contracts, 173-174
Ohio legislature (1919), 577, 581n,
611-612, 668n

Oklahoma, Constitution of, 593
Oligarchy, as a form of government,
44

Open primary, 693

Optional charters, in counties, 733; in
cities, 751

Ordinances, made by president, 261-
262; in cities, 759-760
Original package doctrine, 172

Pacific Insurance Co. v. Soule, 406
Pacific States Tel. and Tel. Co. v.
Oregon, 163

Panama Canal Zone, government of,
488

Parcel post, 464-465

Pardon, power wielded by president,
272-273

Parties, political, uses, 517; two-
party system, 518; periods in his-
tory, 519; Federalists, 519-521;
Jeffersonian Republicans, 519-523;
National Republicans, 523-524;
Whigs, 524-526; Democrats, 524,
530-535; Anti-Masons, 524-525;
Knownothings, 526-527; Republi-
cans, 528-535; Free Soilers, 527-
528; Prohibitionists, 532-533; Pro-
gressives, 533-534; Populists, 536-
537; Socialists, 537; Farmer-Labor,
537-538; platforms, 538; organiza-
tion, 538-541; finance, 541-543;
activity in the states, 689; non-
partisan elections, 690-691; nom-
inating methods, 692-694; state and
local committees, 694-696; activi-
ties in the states, 696-712
Patents, administration,

325-326;

controlled by Congress, 461-462;
price-fixing under, 462-463
Pendleton Act, 300-301
Pennsylvania legislature, 611, 615n
Pensions, for federal employees, 309-
310; in New Jersey, 645n
Personal property tax, 656-658
Philippines, early military govern-
ment, 483; civil government, 483-
484; organic law of 1916, 484-485;
the legislature, 485-486; the execu-
tive, 486; the judiciary, 486-487;
question of independence, 487
Platform, framed in national conven-
tion, 243, 538

Plurality elections, 709

Pocket veto, of president, 277; of gov-
ernor, 627

Police department, in cities, 777-781
Police magistrates, 673

Police power, 195-196

Political machines," 696

Political science, relation to other
social sciences, 6-7

Polling officials, 702-704

Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust
Co., 213, 407

Population, necessary element of a
state, 9

Populist party, 536-537

Porto Rico, government of, 480-
483

Postal savings-banks, 464
Postmaster-General, 323-324
Post-office, federal Department of,
323-324; functions, 463-464; air
mail service, 465

Preferential ballot, 709

President, term, 227; re-eligibility,
227; proposed six-year term, 228;
qualifications, 230; salary and al-
lowances, 230-231; immunities, 231;
original mode of election, 232-233;
contested election of 1800, 233-
234; Twelfth Amendment, 234-235;
early modes of nomination, 235-
236; nomination in national conven-
tions, 237-245; electoral campaigns,
245-246; choice of electors, 246-
247; election by minority, 247;
electoral count, 248-251; proposed
electoral changes, 251-253; sources
of executive power, 254-255; mag-
nitude of power, 255-256; power of
appointment and its restrictions,
256-259; power of removal, 259-
260; power of direction, 260-261;
ordinance power, 261-262; control
over foreign relations, 262-268;
war powers, 268-272; powers of par-
don and reprieve, 272-273; conven-
ing Congress in special session, 274;
messages, 274-276; veto power, 276-
281; other means of controlling
legislation, 281-282; party leader-
ship, 282-284; steady growth of
power, 284-285; selection of heads
of departments, 292-294; relations
with cabinet, 296-298; references
in, 231, 253, 273, 290
Preventive justice, 679, 684
Primary, in nominating presidential
candidates, 240-241; in state and
local elections, 693-694

Privileges of citizenship, 197ff
Probate courts, 673-674
Progressive party, 533-534

Prohibited powers, national govern-
ment, 151; states, 151-152
Prohibition party, 532-533
Proportional representation,

Hare

system, 585-586; list system, 586-

587

Prosecuting attorney, 727-729, 736
Publicity pamphlets, 604n, 605n,
697n

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