so called because in his own person he represents the Church, which is an invisible body.

Q. What is a Vicar?

A. One who has a spiritual promotion or living under a Parson or Rector.

Q. What is a Curate?

A. One who officiates as a temporary minister in a parish under a Rector or Vicar.

Q. What is a Churchwarden?

A. He is the Guardian or Keeper of the Church, as well as the representative of the people or parish. He is always a lay person.

Q. What is the principal duty of a Churchwarden? A. To take care of the goods belonging to the church, such as the organ, the bells, the Bible and the parish books; he must also see to the due repairing of the church.

Q. How many Churchwardens are chosen for each parish?

A. They are generally two in number, and are chosen once a year by the Clergyman and Parishioners assembled at a Vestry meeting. They are obliged to serve when chosen, and are sworn to execute their office faithfully.

Q. Who are Parish Clerks?

A. They are persons generally chosen for life by the Rector to cleanse the church, to open the pews, and to prevent disturbance during divine service; they have also other minor duties of a similar nature. In some places these duties, or a part of them, are delegated to officers called Beadles.

Q. What are Ecclesiastical Synods or Convocations?

A. They are assemblies of the Clergy of the Church of England, somewhat resembling the Parliament, which are held during the Session of Parliament.

Q. Is there only one of these assemblies in England? A. There are two, one for each province.

Q. Is there any difference in the constitution of these two assemblies?

A. Yes, the Convocation in the Province of Canterbury consists of an Upper and a Lower House, the upper house being composed of the Archbishop and the Bishops, and the lower of the inferior Clergy. In York the Convocation consists of one house only.

Q. What is the object of these Convocations?

A. Their principal object is to enable the Clergy to make Canons or Laws for and to tax the possessions of the Church.

Q. What restrictions are placed upon the proceedings at these assemblies?

A. Their Canons must be made with licence from the Crown, they must not be repugnant to the Common or Statute Law, and they will not bind the Laity until they have received the sanction of both Houses of Parliament.

Q. Name some of the forms of worship in the Church of England.

A. The thirty-nine Articles of Faith, and the Form of Prayer, and the Church Service, usually called the Liturgy.

Q. When were these forms of worship first used?

A. In the reign of Edward VI., when Cranmer and his coadjutors introduced them.

Q. What is Heresy ?

A. An opinion of private men different from that of the Established Church.

Q. What is Apostasy?

A. A total renunciation of Christianity by embracing a false religion or no religion at all.

Q. How punished?

are persons guilty of these offences

A. The Ecclesiastical Courts render them incapable of holding any office or place of trust; and in case the offence be committed a second time they can imprison the guilty persons for three months.

Q. What is Nonconformity?

A. Dissent from the ceremonies of the Established Church.

Q. Into what classes may Nonconformists be divided? A. Protestant Dissenters, Jews, and Roman Catholics. "The confining of the subject to the religion of the State," writes Dr. Paley, "is a needless violation of Natural Liberty, and is an instance in which restraint is always grievous."

Q. Is Nonconformity a penal offence?

A. It was at one time, but is not now.
Q. What is Simony?

A. The unlawfully buying or selling the right of presentation to an Ecclesiastical benefice.

Q. How is this offence punished?

A. The right of presentation to the living is forfeited to the Crown.

Q. What is the name given to the right of presentation?

A. It is called an Advowson.

Q. What is a Glebe ?

A. A Glebe is a piece of land attached to a parsonage house as part of its endowment.

Q. What are Tithes?

A. Tithes are the tenth part of the increase yearly arising from the profits of land, the stock upon lands, and the personal industry of the inhabitants; and these tithes belong to the parson of the parish.

Q. Are tithes levied now?

A. No, in consequence of several Acts of Parliament; a sum of money payable out of land is substituted for tithes in almost every parish..

Q. What is the highest Ecclesiastical Authority in Scotland?

A. A body called the General Assembly of the Church, which is composed of Ecclesiastical and Lay Commissioners elected annually by the Presbyteries and Boroughs.

Q. What business is transacted in this assembly? A. The state of the Scotch Church is examined and all ecclesiastical affairs decided.

Q. Who presides at this assembly?

A. A person called the Lord High Commissioner, who is generally a nobleman of rank appointed by and representing the Sovereign.

Ecclesiastical, belonging to the Church (Gr., ekklesiasticos, from ekklesia, the Church, or an assembly called out, from ek, out, and kaleō, to call).

Church, the Lord's house (Gr., kyriake, from kyrios, Lord). Episcopacy, government by bishops (Gr., episcopos, a bishop). Presbyterianism, government by elders (Gr., presbyteros, elder, the comparative of presbys, old).

Minister, a servant, one who serves at the altar, a clergyman, a high government official (Lat., ministro, to serve, from minor, a lesser person).

Clergy, a class of men chosen or set apart as ministers of the Church (Gr., kleros, a lot for choosing by, the Clergy). Bishop, an overseer, a church dignitary who has charge of a diocese (Anglo-Saxon, bisceop; Gr., episcopos, an overseer,— from epi, upon, and scopeō, to look, inspect).

Archbishop, the chief or head bishop (Gr., archos, chief, and episcopos, an overseer).

Dean, the chief man among ten, the chief among the Clergy of a Cathedral or Collegiate Church (Fr., dean; Lat., decanus, from decem, ten).

Prebendary, an ecclesiastic to whom a share in the estate of a Cathedral is allowed (Lat., præbenda, from præbeo, to allow).

Deacon, a servant, the lowest order of the Clergy (Gr., diakonos, a servant).

Archdeacon, the chief deacon. (See Archbishop.)

Parson, the priest of a parish (Lat., parochianus, the parish clergyman. See Parish).

Rector, a ruler, a higher class parson, the master of a school (Lat., rego, rectum, to rule).

Vicar, one who acts for another, the priest who takes the place of the Rector (Lat., vicarius, from vicis, change). Curate, one having the cure or care of souls; a Clergyman who performs the duties of a Rector or Vicar (Lat., cura, care).

Parish, a group of dwellings, a district that superintends its