(147 N.E.)

Council

5. Municipal corporations 102 [1] The estimate of the cost of the imcannot reconsider final action after adjourn- provement in the resolution of the board of ment, if rights have intervened. local improvements was:

Where no motion to reconsider or other

motion on proposition finally voted on by city in excess of 6 per cent. of the estimated cost "Court costs and other lawful expenses not council is pending, council cannot reconsider action after adjournment of its meeting, if rights of others have intervened.

6. Municipal corporations 102 Council cannot pass improvement ordinance, rejected at previous meeting, without hearing of objectors by board of local improvements.

of said improvement, $1,651."

Section 4 of the ordinance provided:

"That the improvement herein provided for, and the whole cost of said improvement, inIcluding the sum of seventeen hundred six and City council, having finally rejected im- no/100 dollars, being the amount included in provement ordinance and adjourned without the estimate of said engineer of the board motion to reconsider, or other motion thereon of local improvements, hereto attached, as the pending, could not pass it at subsequent meet-court costs and other lawful expenses as proing without hearing of objectors by board of local improvements before presentation of its recommendations, on which new ordinance must

be based.

7. Appeal and error 854 (2)-Right judgment for wrong reason affirmed.

Right judgment for wrong reason will be affirmed.

Appeal from Kankakee County Court; Henry F. Ruel, Judge.

Walter C. Schneider, City Atty., John H. Beckers, and H. H. Wheeler, all of Kankakee, for appellant.

John A. Mayhew, of Kankakee, for appellees.

vided for by section ninety-four (94) of an act entitled 'An act concerning local improvements,' approved June 14, 1897, as amended, be paid for by special assessment to be levied upon the property specially benefited, to the amount that the same may be legally assessed therefor, in accordance with the act of the General Assembly of the state of Illinois, entitled 'An act concerning local improvements,' approved June 14, 1897, and amendments thereto."

It was objected that this difference of $55 Special assessment proceeding by the City constituted a willful and substantial variof Kankakee, in which Len Small and others ance between the resolution and the ordifiled objections to confirmation of assess-nance. The total cost of the improvement as ment roll. From the judgment sustaining shown by the estimate is $29,220 including one objection and dismissing petition, the the sum of $1,651. Section 94 of the Local City appeals, and objectors filed cross-errors Improvement Act (Smith's Stat. 1923, p. in overruling other objections. Judgment af- 351) provides that in cities, towns, and vilfirmed. lages having a population of less than 100,000, such city, town, or village "may in and by the ordinance providing for the assessment prescribed, provide that a certain sum, not to exceed 6 per centum of the amount of such assessment," shall be applied toward the payment of the cost of making and collecting the assessment. While it is the rule that a substantial variance between the estimate and the ordinance vitiates the latter (Gardner v. City of Chicago, 224 Ill. 254, 79 N. E. 624; Clarke v. City of Chicago, 185 Ill. 354, 57 N. E. 15), the matter of costs and expenses of the proceeding is fixed by statute, and the city council has power to pass an ordinance providing that such costs and expenses shall be paid by special assessment up to the statutory limit of 6 per cent., and the provision of the ordinance was not illegal, except as to the excess above 6 per cent. (Village of River Forest v. Cummings, 261 III. 228, 103 N. E. 971). It was therefore error on the part of the court to sustain the objection to the ordinance, except as to the $55 in excess of 6 per cent. of the cost of the improvement, and it was error to dismiss the petition on that ground.

STONE, J. Appellant filed its petition in the county court of Kankakee county to confirm a special assessment for the paving of a street in the city of Kankakee. An assessment roll was filed. Appellees objected to the confirmation of the same and filed 27 objections. The principal objections were that the ordinance was not properly passed; that it was unreasonable and uncertain; and that it was void because of a substantial variance between the engineer's estimate attached to the ordinance and the ordinance proper, in that the estimate provided the sum of $1,651 for court costs and other lawful expens- | es, while the ordinance provided the sum of $1,706 for such costs and expenses. The trial court overruled all objections other than the one last referred to and sustained it, held the ordinance void, and dismissed the petition. The city has appealed.

The objectors have filed cross-errors, contending that the court erred in overruling objections filed by them. We will consider first the objection sustained by the trial court.

We come, then, to consider the cross-errors assigned by appellees. In their first objection they set out that the ordinance was not properly passed by the city council. It appears from the record that on April 21, 1924,

For other cases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes

vote of 22 yeas and 45 nays. The question in the case was whether or not there had been in law a confirmation of the names presented by the mayor as members of the school board. Certain rules of procedure were referred to in that case and the power of the city council to reconsider its action was discussed. It was held that the motion to reconsider having been made at the meeting at which the vote of concurrence had been taken, and the same having been tabled awaiting later action, there had been no final action on the matter, but the effect of the motion to reconsider was to suspend all action based on that vote until the matter of reconsideration was acted upon, and that the city council had power at the subsequent meeting to refuse to concur in the appointments made by the mayor.

the ordinance was presented to the city coun-, made by the mayor, the same was lost by a cil, and at that time a motion was made by one of the aldermen to reject the same, and by a vote of 12 to 2 the ordinance was rejected. Nothing further appears to have been done at this meeting of the city council, but at a later meeting, which appellees say is the second subsequent meeting, held on May 19, 1924, alderman Hertz, one of the two aldermen, who voted against the rejection of the ordinance at the meeting of April 21 made a motion that the city council reconsider its vote by which the ordinance was rejected. The records of the city clerk's office show that this motion was carried, though no roll call appears to have been taken on the same. A motion was then made and carried to suspend the rules and put the ordinance on its passage. This motion prevailed. A vote was taken on the ordinance and it was declared passed. Appellees contend that the vote on May 19 to reconsider the action rejecting the ordinance came too late; that such ac tion had become final and the city council did not have authority to pass the ordinance on reconsideration at a later meeting.

[2-4] A valid ordinance is the foundation of any improvement by special assessment and cannot be dispensed with. City of East St. Louis v. Albrecht, 150 Ill. 506, 37 N. E. 934. Statutes granting power to levy taxes or assessments must be construed strictly. Clarke v. City of Chicago, supra. While a city council is given by statute the power to make its own rules of procedure, they may not be invoked to defeat rights which have intervened by reason of a legal action of that body.

It

In State v. Foster, 7 N. J. Law, 123 it was sought by quo warranto to test the right of Foster to the office of clerk of the common pleas court of the county of Gloucester. appears that, under the law of that state, the right to appoint such clerk was vested in the legislative council and General Assembly of the state, and it was claimed on behalf of the relator, Ephraim Miller that he had received the vote of the council and General Assembly for that position and was entitled to it. It appears that the legislative council and General Assembly in a joint meeting, at which there were 55 members, on vote for such clerk, gave Miller 28 votes and Foster 27. votes. The chairman of the meeting, being of the opinion that this was not sufficient to elect, called for another vote. It appears [5] The effect of a reconsideration, at a that several votes were taken, when the consubsequent meeting, of a vote by a city coun- tention was raised that Miller having at one cil rejecting a local improvement ordinance, time received 28 votes had been elected, and, has not been previously considered by this on a vote as to whether or not the decision court. In People v. Davis, 284 III. 439, 120 N. of the chair in holding there was no election E. 326, 2 A. L. R. 1650, the question of the was correct it was decided by a majority of power of the city council to reconsider its the 55 members that such decision was coraction confirming the appointment of mem-rect, and on a later vote Foster received 31 bers of the school board of the city of Chi- votes and Miller 24 votes, and Foster was decago was under consideration. It appears clared elected. All of these votes took place that the mayor of that city had submitted the at the same meeting. It was in that case names of certain persons for appointment as held that the vote sustaining the judgment members of the board of education. On of the chair amounted, in effect, to a reconmotion the appointment was concurred in by sideration of the vote on the election of clerk; vote of 44 yeas and 25 nays, whereupon one it being there held: of the aldermen voting in the affirmative moved to reconsider the vote. Another alderman moved to lay the motion to reconsider on the table. The motion to table prevailed and the council adjourned to its next regular meeting. On that day a motion was In Whitney v. Van Buskirk, 40 N. J. Law, made to take from the table the motion to 463, the question of the power of the city reconsider the vote on confirmation of the council to reconsider its vote arose. It apappointment made at the previous meeting. pears that the chief of police of the city of This motion prevailed and the motion to Bayonne, who held his office upon nominareconsider was adopted by a vote of 46 yeas tion by the mayor and confirmation by the and 20 nays, and the question then recurring common council of the city, had resigned. on the motion to concur in the appointments | The resignation was presented to the board

"In this case, so long as the joint meeting was in session, they had a right to reconsider any question which had been before then, or any vote which they had made."

(147 N.E.)

of councilmen at its meeting on December 4, | Blaisdell was declared elected second asses1877, accompanied by the approval of the sor of taxes and his election was entered of mayor of such resignation and a request for record. The meeting adjourned, and at the the acceptance thereof by the council. The next meeting it was voted to reconsider the council at that meeting received and accepted election of a second assessor and, on a reconthe resignation and confirmed the appoint-sideration and another election, the respondment of the defendant, Van Buskirk. The ent, Phillips, was declared elected. It was resignation was to take effect on the 1st of there held that, while a municipal legislative January next following, and the appointment body has a right to set aside its action beof Van Buskirk was likewise to take effect fore the final election is declared, yet where at that time. At a subsequent meeting held such election by ballot has been declared and on the 11th of December a resolution recon- entered of record and the meeting is adjournsidering the vote by which the nomination ed, there is no authority to reconsider the of Van Buskirk had been confirmed, and by matter of such election at a later meeting, which the resignation of the relator, Whit- but that the power of the council has by its ney, had been accepted was adopted. A ques- previous action and the adjournment of the tion arose by quo warranto as to the validity meeting been exhausted. of Van Buskirk's appointment. It was contended that, by reason of the reconsideration and rescinding of the vote accepting the resignation of Whitney and the confirmation of Van Buskirk's appointment, Whitney had not resigned and there was no vacancy in the office. It was held that, while the matter of the acceptance of the resignation was under consideration, the council had a right to reconsider its vote and vote as often as it saw fit on the question, up to the time when on a conclusive vote, accepted as such by itself, a determination was reached; that final determination of a vote of the council may be evidenced by a public promulgation of the result, or by any subsequent action inconsistent with the purpose of further review, and that since the board, after accept ing the resignation and confirming the appointment of Whitney's successor, had adjourned, the matter was not in abeyance, but a determination thereof had been reached, and it was put beyond the power of the board to recall such action by reconsideration at a later meeting, and that the later meeting did not change the state of things existing on the adjournment of the meeting on December 4 or operate to revoke the action taken, but that the action of the council at that time was final.

In Wood v. Cutter, 138 Mass. 149, and Reed v. Barton, 176 Mass. 473, 57 N. E. 961, it was held that a board of school committees which had voted to elect a school superintendent at one meeting might rescind that vote at an adjourned meeting which was held to be a continuation of the same meeting; the vote to rescind being considered a vote of reconsideration at the same meeting. In Keough v. Board of Aldermen of Holyoke, 156 Mass. 403, 31 N. E. 387, it was held that, where a board of aldermen had by final vote elected a collector of taxes and the meeting had been dissolved, it had no power at a subsequent meeting to declare the last ballot illegal.

In State v. Phillips, 79 Me. 506, 11 A. 274, at a meeting of the aldermen of the city of Ellsworth on the 15th of March, 1887, one

In State v. Wadhams, 64 Minn. 318, 67 N. W. 64, an information in quo warranto was filed against the respondent, Wadhams, to oust him from the office of assessor for the city of Duluth and to have the relator Thomas B. Hawkes, admitted to the office. It appears that, by the charter of that city, the mayor by and with the advice and consent of the common council, was empowered to appoint an assessor; that on March 12, 1894, he appointed Wadhams, and his appointment was confirmed by the city council. His term was for two years, beginning the 1st of April and until his successor was elected and qualified. On March 9, 1896, the mayor appointed Hawkes in the place of Wadhams and sent his appointment to the city council. On March 23 following, the appointment of Hawkes was confirmed by vote of the council, and at a subsequent meeting on the 30th of March one of the aldermen, who claimed to have voted under a mistake with the majority, moved to reconsider the vote taken at the meeting of March 23 çonfirming the appointment of Hawkes, and his motion to reconsider was carried, and the motion to confirm Hawkes' appointment was by a vote rejected. No other person appears to have been appointed city assessor. It was in that case held that the power of the city council over the matter had been completely exercised; that all acts necessary to constitute a finality had been done; that the meeting had adjourned, and the council therefore had no power to reconsider its action at a later meeting.

Kendell v. City Council of Camden, 47 N. J. Law, 64, 54 Am. Rep. 117, was a proceeding in certiorari to review the proceedings of the city council in regard to the election of one of its members, and the question was whether, having once decided that a member had been regularly elected, the council could at a later meeting reconsider the matter. was there held that, while a deliberative assembly has a right of reconsideration, yet where there is no reconsideration of its ac tion during the session at which the final determination is had, it cannot in the absence

It

of special power conferred upon it, take fur- cal improvements required by statute. The ther action.

In Hadley v. Mayor of Albany, 33 N. Y. 603, 88 Am. Dec. 412, the city council at one meeting canvassed and declared the result of the election of the mayor and at a later meeting made another canvass with a different result, and the court said that, having once legally performed the duty imposed, the power of the council was exhausted; that, having by the ballot determined who had been elected, and having examined and decided the question, it could take no further steps to reverse its action at a subsequent meeting. To the same effect is Morgan v. Quackenbush, 22 Barb. 72.

In Lantz v. Hightstown, 46 N. J. Law, 102, the city council had granted a license, and had adjourned its meeting without attempt ing to reconsider its action. At a later meeting it was sought to rescind the same by reconsideration, and it was held that the council had not the power to do so without such power being conferred on it by the Legislature.

reason for that rule applies here.

We are of the opinion, therefore, that the ordinance was void for want of power of the city council to pass it and that it was error to overrule appellees' first objection. Under this view it is not necessary to consider other objections raised, since the petition was dismissed.

[7] The judgment of the court was right, though the reason for it was not and it will be affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

(317 Ill. 47)

PEOPLE ex rel. COLE v. KINSEY et al. (No. 15843.)

(Supreme Court of Illinois. April 24, 1925.) 1. Schools and school districts 22-Curative act validating school districts constitutional, but inapplicable to districts not compact and contiguous.

Curative act validating school districts is constitutional, but inapplicable to districts not compact and contiguous for reason that Legislature did not have power to create such districts in first instance.

2. Appeal and error 1194 (2)—Judgment reversing judgment denying permission to file information in nature of quo warranto not adjudication of invalidity of district, rendering curative act inapplicable.

Judgment reversing judgment denying permit to file information in nature of quo warranto to test legality of organization of school district is not an adjudication of validity of district so as to render inapplicable to such district a curative act, enacted thereafter, but before hearing in quo warranto proceedings.

3.

Schools and school districts 30-Evidence held to sustain finding that school district was compact and contiguous.

Evidence held to sustain finding that school district was compact and contiguous and surrounded a community center, as required by Constitution.

[6] Under the decisions here quoted and the general rules relating to powers of deliberative bodies of the character of city councils, we are of the opinion that, where such a body has finally voted upon a proposition and no motion for reconsideration or other motion is pending thereon, the city council, upon adjournment of its meeting, has no power to reconsider its action where the rights of other persons have intervened. In this case by the final action of the city council rejecting the ordinance for this improvement and the adjournment of that body, the ordinance was dead. When an attempt was made to pass it at a subsequent meeting, the rights of objectors to this improvement had intervened. Those rights were to have the matter reconsidered by the board of local improvements and to a hearing before that board in advance of the presentation of its recommendations, upon which a new ordinance must be based. Conditions may have changed and a much stronger showing of objections might have been made before the board of local improvements. The ordinance passed was a new ordinance. The rejection of the ordinance vitiated the whole proceeding. Therefore the ordinance, when passed, was not in pursuance of the preliminary requirements of the statute. The rejection of the ordinance put an end to the proceedings under it. In City of Chicago v. Goodwillie, 208 III. 252, 70 N. E. 228, and Bass v. City of Chicago, 195 Ill. 109, 62 N. E. 913, it was held that the dismissal of a petition for confirmation under an ordinance for a local improvement, not only vitiates the ordinance, but likewise the entire proceeding, and the city cannot pass a new ordinance without taking Appeal from Circuit Court, McDonough the preliminary steps before the board of lo- County; George C. Hillyer, Judge. For other cases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes

4. Schools and school districts 30-School districts must afford children therein opportunity to attend with reasonable degree of comfort.

School districts must be such as to afford children within their boundaries opportunity to attend with reasonable degree of comfort. 5. Schools and school districts 24 (2) Every presumption indulged in favor of validity of district, and clear showing is necessary to warrant holding of invalidity.

Every reasonable presumption will be indulged in favor of validity of school district, and, before courts will hold district invalid, it must clearly appear that children of school age residing therein cannot reasonably avail themselves of school privileges.

(147 N.E.)