order of development of disease in this herd is of some interest, as showing the period incubation, the facts as they were gathered will be stated. It will be remembered that the diseased cow (No. 16), was brought home Monday, November 2nd, in the evening, and was then ill. It was placed in the stable with the other cattle. The other cows were observed by the owner to become affected in the following order:

At the time of my visit, the temperatures of the different members of the herd were as follows:

The symptoms shown by Cow No. 1 were typical and were as follows: the cow was depressed; the coat was rough and staring; there was some quivering of the muscles; the animal had not eaten that morning; upon the middle of the muzzle there was a large vesicle more than an inch in diameter and raised 3-8 of an inch above the surface and extending almost from nostril to nostril. This vesicle was opened and was found to contain clear, amber-colored serum. Upon the right nostril there were two small vesicles about the size of a pea. Upon the dental pad, there was evidence of a freshly ruptured vesicle, as shown by a circular patch of scarlet color, around which hung loose shreds of epithelium. Upon the right side of the tongue there were three vesicles about one-half inch in diameter; four inches back of the tip, on the dorsum of the tongue, there was a vesicle. The mouth contained an excess of saliva, which collected as froth about the lips and descended in long strings. The feet were tender, as shown by the short, halting steps taken by the cow when

led from the stall. The skin between and about the top of the hoofs was reddened. There were no vesicles upon the feet at that time, although vesicles later formed between the hoofs and about the heels. Mr. Yost's herd was immediately quarantined and precautions were taken similar to those that had been employed in relation to the herd of Mr. Schultz, at Danville.

From Mr. Yost's farm, I went with Dr. McNeal to the farm of Mr. J. M. Montgomery, near Turbotville, Northumberland county. It was found that Mr. Montgomery had received, October 27th, a carload of cattle from Buffalo. These cattle were purchased at the East Buffalo stockyards Monday, October 26th, and were shipped from there in the evening in N. Y. C. car No. 23060. Of this load 32 steers and heifers were purchased from Messrs. Langdon, MeCarthy and Huddleston, and 7 steers and bulls were purchased from Windsor Bros. These cattle were unloaded at Watsontown at 3 p. m.; they were driven to Mr. Montgomery's farm about three miles away, with the exception of two butcher cattle, which were killed at Watsontown. Before these cattle arrived at the farm there were on the place Mr. Yost's cows, two cows belonging to Mr. Montgomery's tenant and two native heifers. During the next few days, Mr. Montgomery sold several steers and young cattle, and, in this way, spread the disease to the farms of his customers, as will be noted later.

At the time of my visit, Mr. Montgomery had on his farm 30 cattle and 44 swine; the cattle comprised two bulls, two cows, eight heifers and eighteen steers. Nearly all of the members of the herd showed typical symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease. This herd was closely quarantined and precautions were taken to prevent the dissemination of disease to other cattle in the neighborhood.

Arrangements were at once made to find the cattle that Mr. Montgomery had sold after the arrival of the shipment from East Buffalo, and to quarantine all cattle that had been exposed to these animals. After having seen the herds of Mr. Yost and Montgomery, in both of which were cattle exhibiting all stages of foot-and-mouth disease, there was no occasion for withholding the announcement of the official diagnosis. Therefore, as soon as the telegraph office at Milton could be reached, a message was sent to the Commissioner of Agriculture of New York State, advising him that foot-and-mouth disease had been found among cattle recently shipped through the stockyards at East Buffalo. A telegram was also sent to the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture to inform him of the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease among cattle in Pennsylvania, that the source of infection appeared to be the stockyards at East Buffalo, and requested a confereence with him to agree upon further measures.

MEASURES ADOPTED BY THE STATE LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD

Dr. P. K. Jones, agent of the State Livestock Sanitary Board, was instructed by wire to go from Pittsburg to Buffalo and there obtain all information possible in relation to cattle shipmeents from that place and to points in Pennsylvania, and especially to obtain a list of all shipments that had been made from East Buffalo to any place in this State from the middle of October to the time of his investiga

The next day, a letter was prepared, which was sent to 853 veterinarians of Pennsylvania to advise them of the occurrence of foot-andmouth disease among cattle in this State and to caution them to be on the look-out for this disease and to report anything resembling foot-and-mouth disease, by telephone or telegraph to the office of the State Veterinarian at Harrisburg. A notice was prepared and printed Tuesday, November 10th, for use in placarding premises where footand-mouth disease might be found. (Appendix A.) A quarantine order was also prepared for service on the owners or custodians of infected animals, herds or premises. (Appendix B.)

All of the veterinarians in the regular service of the State Livestock Sanitary Board and a number of temporary employes were engaged during the next few days in the vicinity of Danville and Watsontown in searching for cattle sold by Messrs. Campbell and Montgomery and for cattle that had been exposed to such animals. As the work was new to most of our agents, for there has been no previous outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Pennsylvania,* a set of instructions to agents of the State Livestock Sanitary Board engaged in work upon the control of foot-and-mouth disease was prepared and was published November 11th, as Circular No. 14. (Appendix C.) A meeting of the State Livestock Sanitary Board was called and was held in the office of the Governor November 13th. At this meeting resolutions were adopted as follows:

WHEREAS: Aphthous fever or foot-and-mouth disease has occurred among cattle in the counties of Montour, Northumberland and Union, and it is deemed that cattle in the county of Columbia may have been exposed, and

WHEREAS: Foot-and-mouth disease is a dangerous and highly contagious disease affecting cattle, sheep, goats and swine, and it is of very great importance to the livestock interests of the State and Nation that this outbreak shall be controlled and eradicated, and

WHEREAS: The State Livestock Sanitary Board is charged with the control of contagious diseases among domestic animals in Pennsylvania, and is authorized and empowered by the Act of May 21st, 1895, to establish, maintain, enforce and regulate such quarantine and other measures relating to the movements of animals and their products as may be necessary for carrying out the purposes of the said Act, therefore

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, FIRST: To prevent the spread of foot-and-mouth disease, and to aid in its eradication, no cattle, sheep, goats or swine shall be moved from or out of the counties of Columbia, Montour, Northumberland and Union.

SECOND: No cattle, sheep, goats or swine shall be moved into any one of the counties of Columbia, Montour, Northumberland or Union except for immediate slaughter.

All transportation companies, cattle dealers, farmers and others are called upon to assist the State Livestock Sanitary Board in the enforcement of the foregoing order of quarantine so that this outbreak of disease may be eradicated with the least possible loss and in the shortest possible time.

It should be stated here that while the work was new to showed splendid adaptability and capability from the beginning. the confidence and skill of veterans.

most of our inspectors, they all Almost at once they worked with

RESOLVED: That the State Veterinarian is hereby authorized to request and accept the co-operation of the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry in the work of prevention, suppression, control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease in Pennsylvania, in accordance with such a plan and upon such terms as will contribute to the scope and efficiency of the work of this Board.

RESOLVED: That the Secretary of the State Livestock Sanitary Board is hereby authorized to appoint as agents of this Board such employes of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry engaged in the control of diseases of animals in Pennsylvania as are recommended for such appointments by the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry: Provided, however, that employes of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry appointed as agents of the State Livestock Sanitary Board shall receive no compensation from the State funds for service as agents of this Board.

RESOLVED: That the Secretary of this Board is hereby authorized to purchase such supplies and materials and to employ such agents as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of the Act of May 21st, 1895: Provided, that the expense incurred shall not exceed the amount of money now available for such purposes.

The following rules and regulations were also adopted by the State Livestock Sanitary Board:

The State Veterinarian, the Deputy State Veterinarian and the agents of the Board, under the direction of the State Veterinarian, are authorized to carry the following rules and regulations into effect:

Upon the discovery of foot-and-mouth disease, it is required that a quarantine shall at once be established of the affected animals and of all cattle, sheep, goats and swine that it is believed may have been exposed. Premises or objects occupied or contaminated by affected animals or their products must be quarantined, and premises may be quarantined where there is reason to believe that there may be danger of contamination by foot-and-mouth disease.

1. Cattle, sheep and goats and swine under quarantine on account of foot-and-mouth disease must be kept absolutely and wholly separate and apart from all other animals and all other animals must be kept wholly apart from quarantined animals.

2. The quarantine is extended to animals other than those origi nally quarantined, if they are permitted to come in contact with quarantined animals or to enter quarantined premises.

3. Persons caring for animals quarantined on account of foot-andmouth disease must not, under any circumstances, come in contact, either direct or indirect, with other cattle, sheep, goats or swine.

4. No animals shall be allowed to run loose, or to go free on or near quarantined premises. This regulation covers domesticated animals of all kinds, including dogs, cats and poultry.

5. If there are pigeons on a farm or on premises quarantined on account of foot-and-mouth disease the pigeons shall be killed or they shall be confined on the said quarantined premises until released by authority of an agent of the State Livestock Sanitary Board.